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Background: Neuroendocrine breast tumors may be primary or secondary with a fairly rare frequency; The diagnosis is based on the results of the pathological findings and the characterization between the primary and secondary origin is guided by the data of radiology (echomammography), the pathological and immunohistochemistry examinations as well as the data reported by the octreoscanner. Case presentation: We describe here a case of a 70-year-old patient who had a dorsal pain for six months. A Scan of rachis showed a tumoral process of the vertebral body of D2 extending intramedullarily. The realization of a thoraco abdomino-pelvic CT scan as part of an assessment of extension, revealed the presence of a left mammary nodule with diffuse liver metsatases. Liver and breast biopsy evoking a localization of a neuroendorin tumor. Conclusion: This presentation reveals that the Differentiation between primary or secondary neuro endocrine breast tumor is based on the results of the pathological, immunohistochemical findings and radiological characteristics. In the absence of a generalized metastatic disease, the treatment is similar to Invasive breast tumors, under metastasis conditions. The treatment consists of various therapetical modalities including chemotherapy, hormonotherapy targeted therapies.

Digit sucking is a habit that occurs in childhood and can lead to malocclusion if it persists for a long time. Understanding the cause and available management approaches for habit cessation can lead to more positive outcomes for clinicians, parents and children alike. Increasing clinicians' awareness of the causes and management of digit sucking behaviours can aid in their effective and systematic management, thereby reducing the risk of future malocclusion in some individuals.

Objectives: To analyze changes in occlusal characteristics following mandibular incisor extractions (MIE), to determine the usefulness of wax setups in treatment planning MIE cases and to compare the pre- and posttreatment dental attractiveness between MIE cases and nonextraction (NE) controls. Materials and Methods: The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index was used to score pre- and posttreatment dental casts of MIE cases (n = 14) and matched NE controls (n = 14). Occlusal characteristics were evaluated on diagnostic wax setups and posttreatment casts. Attractiveness of pre- and posttreatment cases judged on intraoral photographs of cases (n = 6) and controls (n = 6) were rated by 76 dental students and 10 laypeople using visual analogue scales (VAS). Results: The difference in PAR score reduction (%) between the MIE and NE groups was not significant. Between the wax setup and posttreatment casts, there were moderate correlations in overjet, overbite, and right canine classification. There was no significant difference in pre- and posttreatment change in VAS scores (%) for attractiveness between the MIE (49.8 ± 4.3 [S.E.]) and control groups (40.8 ± 4.3 [S.E.]). However, there was a significant difference (P = .000) between the observer groups. Conclusions: There were no significant differences in the treatment outcomes of orthodontic cases treated with MIE or NE, indicating that MIE is a valid treatment option. A wax setup is moderately correlated with posttreatment results. Both laypeople and dental students rated posttreatment dental attractiveness higher than pretreatment in MIE and NE groups. Dental students tended to be more critical than laypeople in their ratings.

Objective To assess the immediate response of lips in three dimensions (3D) resulting from simulated maxillary incisor advancement. Materials and Methods Incremental maxillary incisor advancement was simulated by placing wax of increasing thickness (+2 mm, +4 mm, +6 mm) on the incisors of 20 participants, and the induced lip changes were recorded using 3D stereophotogrammetry. The induced displacement of lip landmarks was quantified using 3D image analysis software. Data were analyzed using a repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) after adjusting for age and sex of the study participants. Results A large interindividual variation in lip response to simulated incisor advancement was observed. A significant overall effect on 3D lip changes was found for increasing values of simulated incisor advancement (F = 13.2; P < .001) as well as significant differences between anatomical landmarks of the lip (F = 7.4; P < .01). Most points moved outward and anterosuperiorly, except the midpoint and corners of the lip. Greatest movement was observed in the sagittal plane, followed by the vertical and transverse planes. Conclusions Maxillary incisor advancement significantly affects upper lip change in three planes of space: particularly the anteroposterior plane, in which the response to simulated advancement appears to be nonlinear.