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Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.

Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) Australian Butterfly Ray Fig. 1���8; Tables 1���4., Published as part of Jacobsen, Ian P. & Bennett, Mike B., 2009, A Taxonomic Review of the Australian Butterfly Ray Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) and Other Members of the family Gymnuridae (Order Rajiformes) from the Indo-West Pacific., pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 2228 on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190240, {"references":["Ramsay E. P. & Ogilby, J. D. (1886) Descriptions of new or rare Australian fishes. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Vol. 10 (pt 4), 575 - 579."]}

Gymnura van Hasselt, 1823 Type species: Raja micrura Bloch & Schneider, 1801, by monotypy.

Jacobsen, Ian P., Bennett, Mike B. (2009): A Taxonomic Review of the Australian Butterfly Ray Gymnura australis (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886) and Other Members of the family Gymnuridae (Order Rajiformes) from the Indo-West Pacific. Zootaxa 2228: 1-28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.190240

Atelomycterus marnkalha new species Eastern Banded Catshark Figs 1���7; Tables 1 and 2 Atelomycterus sp. A (Torres Strait form, not A. sp. A = A. fasciatus, Compagno & Stevens, 1993): Last & Stevens, 1994: 189 (in part) (Plate 22, Figure 26.17 b) Material studied. Holotype: CSIRO H 6144.01, mature male, 386 mm TL, 16 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 10 �� 36��S, 141 �� 36��E, 17 m. Paratypes: 11 specimens: CSIRO H 6148 -01, adult male, 397 mm TL, 31 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 10 �� 20��S, 143 �� 33��E, 37 m; CSIRO H 6147 -01, adult male, 418 mm TL, 27 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 0 9 �� 27��S, 143 �� 48��E, 10.6 m; CSIRO H 6145 -01, female, 351 mm TL, 16 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 10 �� 33��S, 141 �� 37��E, 17 m; CSIRO H 6149 -02, immature male, 322 mm TL, 4 Dec. 2003, Whitsunday Passage, Queensland, 20 �� 17��S, 148 �� 53��E, 44 m; CSIRO H 6146 -01, female, 293.5 mm TL, 22 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 0 9 �� 36��S, 142 �� 34��E, 11���17 m; QM I 34023, immature male, 277 mm TL, 27 Nov. 2002, Polmaise Reef, Queensland, 23 �� 38��S, 151 �� 53��E, 36 m; QM I 34022, adult female, 466 mm TL, 27 Nov. 2002, SE of Masthead Island, Queensland, 23 �� 41��S, 151 �� 49��E, 34���36 m; QM I 38078, female, 324 mm TL, 13 Nov. 2005, Queensland, 21 �� 53��S, 150 �� 21��E, 39 m; CSIRO H 1118 -01, immature male, 300 mm TL, 4 Nov. 1987, Arafura Sea, Queensland, 10 �� 31��S, 140 �� 48��E, 43 m; AMS I 15557 -003, adult male, 375 mm TL, 1964, North Mornington, Queensland, 16 �� 38��S, 140 ��02��E, 32 m; AMS I 21842 - 0 0 1, female, 270 mm TL, 16 Nov. 1980, Arafura Sea, Queensland, 10 �� 37��S, 133 �� 47��E, 60 m. Non-type material: 11 specimens: CSIRO H 6150 -01, 2 immature females, 270 and 265 mm TL, 16 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, 10 �� 40��S, 141 �� 33��E, 19 m; CSIRO H 6146 -02, immature male, 190 mm TL, 22 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 0 9 �� 36��S, 142 �� 34��E, 11-17 m; CSIRO H 6149 -01, 2 immature females, 284.5 and 253.5 mm TL, 1 immature male, 300 mm TL, 4 Dec. 2003, Whitsunday Passage, Queensland, 20 �� 17��S, 148 �� 53��E, 44 m; CSIRO H 6151 -01, female, 330 mm TL, 9 Jan. 2004, Torres Strait, Queensland, 10 �� 36��S 143 ��09��E, 26 m; CSIRO H 6152 -01, immature male, 310 mm TL, 7 Dec. 2003, Swain Reefs, Queensland, 21 �� 31��S, 151 �� 28��E, 57 m; QM I 38079, adult female, 459 mm TL, 14 Nov. 2005, Broad Sound Channel, Queensland, 22 ��07��S, 150 �� 19��E, 25 m; QM I 38080, immature male, 308 mm TL, 6 Oct. 2004, Lads Passage, Queensland, 13 �� 51��S, 144 ��05��E, 38 m; QM I 38081, female, 354 mm TL, 18 Feb. 2006, Wyborn Reef, Queensland, 10 �� 57��S, 142 �� 53��E, 25 m. Diagnosis. A comparatively small Atelomycterus species (TL up to 490mm) with the following combination of characters: a relatively long snout, preoral length 4.7���5.1 % TL; head length 19.3���19.9 % TL, precaudal length 79.7���82.6 % TL; short interdorsal space 12.2���13.9 % TL; anal fin height 2.5 ���3.0% TL; anal fin length and anal fin base-length comparatively long 9.7���10.8 and 8.2���9.1 % TL respectively. Adult claspers elongate, base broad, tapering moderately from base to tip. In adult males, clasper outer length 7.2 ���9.0% TL, clasper base width 20.2���22.5 % of clasper outer length; clasper glans covering more than half length of entire clasper; enlarged tab on cover rhipidion. Rhipidion moderately large, concealed predominantly by large cover rhipidion and exorhipidion; psuedosiphon over half length of cover rhipidion; pseudopera large; clasper tip narrow and of moderate width, bluntly pointed. Total vertebral counts 147���153 (N= 16); precaudal counts 95���99 (n= 16). Colour pattern dominated by broad brownish saddles and transverse bands on tan/light brown background. Prominent dark brown to black spots and white spots on dorsal and lateral surfaces. Dark brown to black spots concentrated predominantly on saddle margins and as irregular transverse lines in inter-saddle spaces; decreasing in number post second dorsal fin. Significant numbers of small to medium sized white spots found along entire length of animal; white spots increasing in concentration towards posterior end of animal. Description. Proportions as percentages of total length for the holotype and paratypes (11) are presented in Table 1. Head short, length approximately equal 0.93 (0.96���1.13) to pectoral-pelvic space. Head narrow and moderately depressed; roughly trapezoidal in cross section at anterior most point of eyes. Outline of head in lateral view dorsally convex, with minor concavity in front of eyes; head with narrow parabolic outline anterior to gill openings in dorsoventral view. Preoral/snout length short 0.76 (0.67���0.84) times mouth width; broadly rounded in dorsoventral view; not or very slightly indented anterior to nostrils; snout bulbous and bluntlypointed in lateral view. Eyes small and spindle shaped, eye length 6.75 (6.12���7.55) in head length and 3.11 (2.92���4.91) times eye height. Eyes dorsolateral on head, with lower edges well medial to horizontal head rim in dorsal view; subocular ridges strong but narrow; external eye openings with prominent anterior and posterior eye notches. Posterior notch not connected to spiracle. Nictitating lower eyelids of rudimentary type, with shallow, scaled subocular pouches and secondary lower eyelids free from upper eyelids. Spiracles small, length 4.36 (3.28���7.54) in eye length, 0.28 (0.24���0.42) eye lengths behind and below posterior eye notch. First four gill openings substantially higher than fifth, height of fifth 0.84 (0.64���0.84) of first and 0.78 (0.58���0.81) of third; first gill slit height 11.53 (8.31���12.09) in head length and 0.58 (0.58���0.76) of eye length. Gill openings straight, undulated or slightly concave, gill filaments not visible from outside. Upper ends of gill openings about opposite lower edges of eyes, gill openings not elevated on dorsolateral surface of head. Gill-raker papillae absent from gill arches. Nostrils with small incurrent apertures lacking posterolateral keels, broadly angular nasal flaps with narrowly rounded tips, mesonarial flaps very small and positioned well laterally on anterior nasal flaps, large excurrent apertures, no posterior nasal flap. Nostrils reaching mouth, with anterior nasal flaps partially covering upper symphysis. Anterior nasal flaps very large, meeting at midline of mouth, covering excurrent apertures. Nostril width 0.97 (0.72���0.96) in internarial space, 0.78 (0.56���0.87) in eye length, 1.32 (0.85���1.33) in first gill height and 1.23 (0.78���1.24) in third gill height. Mouth broadly angular, small, short, mouth width 3.17 (2.73���3.40) in head length; mouth length 2.20 (2.23���2.56) in mouth width. Lower symphysis nearly reaching upper symphysis, teeth adjacent upper symphysis exposed in ventral view. Tongue moderate-sized, flat and rounded, filling most of floor of mouth. Maxillary valve narrow, not highly papillose. No large buccal papillae in mouth, palate and floor of mouth covered with buccopharyngeal denticles, except just in front of tongue. Upper labial furrows long, reaching upper symphysis or stopping just prior to upper symphysis. Lower furrows slightly longer than upper furrows; 1.09 (1.04���1.34) times upper furrows, labial cartilages large. Teeth in 67���78 / 64���70 rows; 3���5 / 4���5 series functional, with more series functional in adults than in young and in posterior tooth rows than anterolaterals. Lateroposterior teeth not arranged in diagonal files, no toothless spaces at symphysis. Teeth not strongly differentiated in upper and lower jaws; tooth row groups along upper and lower jaws including medials (M), anterolaterals (AL) and posteriors (P) weakly defined. Tooth formula (N= 4) is: Left P 13-20 AL 18-20 M 3 AL 17-20 P 14-20 right P 14-19 AL 14-18 M 1 AL 14-20 P 14-20 or 31-38 3 33-38 31- 34 1 31-35 Tooth formation tricuspid (Fig. 4); central cusp strong, well-developed and substantially longer than lateral cusps. Cusps strongly erect to semi-oblique. Upper anterolateral teeth smaller than those adjacent; cusplets of upper anterolateral teeth with well-developed transverse ridges; longer than lower. Medials smaller and weak differentiated in comparison with anterolaterals. Posterior teeth forming several rows in both jaws; distinctly smaller than anterolateral and median teeth; with low weak cusps. Sexual heterodonty absent; tooth morphology not particularly enlarged or modified in adult males. Lateral trunk denticles below first dorsal fin moderately elongate, with weak to moderately tricuspid teardrop-shaped crowns approximately 1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 5). Denticle crown with pair of strong medial ridges extending along almost entire length of crown and onto a strong, medial cusp; lateral cusps short and obtuse when compared to medial cusp; numerous shallow depressions present proximally, covering approximately one third to half of denticle crown, occasionally extending onto lateral cusps; shallow depressions absent between medial ridges and on medial cusp. Denticle crowns closely spaced and well-imbricated. Pectoral fins broad and triangular in shape with rounded apices, not falcate, with broadly convex anterior margins 1.08 (1.00��� 1.16) times its length; weakly convex to broadly rounded posterior margins, free rear tips inner margins and narrow bases. Total area of pectoral fins less than twice the area of first dorsal fin. Origins of pectoral fins under interspace between third and forth gill openings. Apex of pectoral fin slightly anterior to its free tip when fin is elevated and appressed to body. Pelvic fins broadly triangular; pelvic fin anterior margins nearly straight or very weakly convex; 0.74 (0.63���0.78) pectoral fin anterior margins; rounded apically, with posterior margins convex or nearly straight, free rear tips narrowly rounded and not attenuated, inner margins straight or slightly convex, not fused over claspers of adult males. Pelvic area nearly 2���3 times anal fin area. Claspers relatively long, slightly convex and tapering on lateral edge, with a slightly undulating clasper glan (Fig. 6). Claspers of adult males extending well behind pelvic fin free rear tips, distance approximately 1.7 times pelvic fin inner margin, posterior most point of distal apex falling in front of anal fin origin by 0.77��� 0.93 times anal fin base. Clasper glans moderately long, length approximately half to two thirds of outer clasper margin; distal apex blunt and without specialised clasper hooks. Dorsolateral and ventral surfaces covered with small clasper denticles, dorsomedial and posteromedial surfaces of glans (including rhipidion) and lateral strip adjacent to clasper groove naked; clasper denticles much longer than broad with anteriorly directed cusps; narrow band of low semi-upright tricuspidate denticles near tip of glans. Exorhipidion strongly differentiated, originating opposite the last third of cover rhipidion. Pseudopera present, situated below anterior end of exorhipidion and about opposite posterior end of cover rhipidion. Rhipidion present and greatly enlarged, forming a flat convex-edged blade-like structure extending over most of clasper glan length; posterior end below apex of exorhipidion. Cover rhipidion very large, formed as a distally tapering wedge with large, lobate anterior tab, extending from apopyle to apex of exorhipidion; angle between free tab and base of cover rhipidion acute; posterior end proximal to exorhipidion and rear end of the rhipidion. Anterior margin of cover rhipidion slightly convex, without obvious notch (Fig. 6). Pseudosiphon long, narrow and slitlike, extending opposite most of base of cover rhipidion; posterior end terminating anterior to exorhipidion apex. Apopyle and hypopyle connected by long clasper groove, dorsal margins fused over clasper canal. Clasper skeleton with all elements present (Fig. 7). Axial cartilage connected proximally to pelvic basipterygium by single, short intermediate segment (B 1) and moderately long, posteriorly tapering, dorsal beta cartilage (��). Beta cartilage with rounded anterior and posterior margins and possessing a small, central, proximal protuberance. Clasper shaft formed from axial cartilage and tightly rolled dorsal and ventral marginal cartilages. Marginal cartilages anteriorly slender and tapering; expanding posteriorly along axial cartilage. Dorsal terminal (TD) of clasper glan large, narrow and curved; ventral terminal (TV) distally expanded and spear-shaped; separated along their proximomesial by narrow, cylindrical end-style (terminal extension of axial cartilage; short free posterior ends of terminal cartilages separated by narrow gap. Accessory dorsal marginal cartilage (RD 2) long, wedge shaped, tapering distally, with separate, short distal segment (RD 3). Dorsal terminal 2 cartilage (TD 2) large, elongate, tapering distally, extending inside rhipidion, along almost entire clasper glans from dorsal margin to end-style tip. Cartilages of exorhipidion include an elongate, anterior tapered ventral terminal 2 (TV 2) cartilage and a ventral terminal 3 (TV 3) cartilage tapering posteriorly; TV 2 cartilage articulating with anterolateral end of TV 3 cartilage and extending anteriorly to partially cover distal end of ventral margin. Short, accessory terminal cartilage (T 3) present under anterior half of TD 2 cartilage, partially covered by terminal extension of ventral margin; T 3 well anterior to TV 3 -TV articulation. First dorsal fin high, apically narrow and not falcate, with nearly straight or weakly convex anterior margin, narrowly rounded apex, weakly concave posterior margin, angular free rear tip, inner margin straight. First dorsal-fin origin at midpoint approximate of pelvic-fin bases; midpoint of base slightly anterior or opposite pelvic-fin free rear tips, insertion closer to pelvic-fin insertions than anal-fin origin; free rear tip 1.67 (1.68���2.48) times length of inner margin anterior to anal-fin origin. Fin insertion anterior to fin apex; first dorsal-fin base 1.58 (1.32���1.62) in interdorsal space, 2.09 (1.88���2.35) in dorsal caudal-fin margin, first dorsal-fin height 1.58 (1.31���1.86) in its base, first dorsal-fin inner margin 1.66 (1.64���2.06) in first dorsal-fin height, 2.63 (2.70���3.40) in its base. Second dorsal fin similar to first dorsal fin. Second dorsal fin high, apically narrow, not falcate, equal to first dorsal fin area or marginally subequal; second dorsal-fin height 0.96 (0.91���1.21) of first dorsal-fin height, base 0.95 (0.85���1.08) of first dorsal-fin base. Second dorsal fin with slightly convex anterior margin, narrowly rounded apex, nearly straight posterior margin, bluntly pointed free rear tip, and weakly concave or straight inner margin. Second dorsal-fin origin opposite or slightly in front of anal fin midbase, insertion well behind anal-fin free rear tip; free rear tip in front of upper caudal-fin origin 0.99 (0.54 ���2.00) times the inner margin. Posterior margin slanting posteroventrally from apex, insertion below or slightly in front of dorsal apex. Second dorsal-fin base 0.77 (0.65���0.91) in dorsal-caudal space, second dorsal-fin height 1.74 (1.49��� 4.98) in its base, second dorsal-fin inner margin 1.74 (1.85���2.03) in its height and 3.04 (2.91���3.89) in seconddorsal fin base. Anal fin low apically broad and semifalcate, much smaller than second dorsal fin, anal-fin height 0.49 (0.52���0.62) in second dorsal-fin height and anal-fin base 0.91 (0.88���1.03) times second dorsal-fin base. Analfin anterior margin moderately convex to nearly straight, apex broadly rounded, posterior margin nearly straight, inner margin nearly straight. Anal-fin base without preanal ridges, anal-fin origin 1.80 (1.44���1.83) times its base length behind pelvic-fin insertions, free rear tips 3.72 (3.05���6.02) times anal fin inner margin length anterior to lower caudal fin origin. Anal-fin posterior margin slanting posterodorsally, anal-fin insertion posterior to apex. Anal-fin base 1.14 (0.86���1.16) in anal-caudal space, anal-fin height 3.26 (2.72���3.25) in its base; anal-fin inner margin 1.11 (1.33���2.03) in its height and 3.62 (3.69���6.07) in its base. Caudal fin narrow, elongate and asymmetrical, with large terminal lobe, ventral lobe not developed; dorsal margin slightly undulating, 4.63 (4.29���4.67) in precaudal length. Preventral caudal-fin margin 2.34 (2.00��� 2.54) in dorsal caudal-fin margin, terminal lobe 4.43 (3.48���5.11) in dorsal caudal-fin margin, subterminal margin 1.45 (1.05���1.67) in terminal margin. Dorsal caudal-fin margin without lateral undulations; proximally and distally straight, basally concave and apically straight, tip of ventral caudal fin lobe bluntly rounded. Postventral caudal-fin margin not differentiated into upper and lower parts, margin straight to slightly concave. Subterminal notch a narrow, deep slot, subterminal margin straight to convex; terminal margin concave and sometimes notched, edges of lobe bluntly angular, tip of tail broadly rounded; terminal margin length 3.81 (3.66���5.47) times dorsal caudal-fin margin. Vertebral counts, ratios and statistics are given in Table 2. Transition between monospondylous (MP) and diplospondylous (DP) centra on average 6 (5���7) centra behind front of pelvic girdle. Monospondylous ��� Diplospondylous transition hardly enlarged, not forming ���stutter zone��� of alternating long and short centra. Colour. In alcohol, colour light brownish above, light brown to tan colouration on ventral surfaces of head, trunk, precaudal tail and fins, bands and saddles dark brown. Broad, brown saddle-marks on head above eyes, extending ventrally to include eyes; over gills, extending ventrally to incorporate first three gill slits; over, but not including, pectoral-fin free rear tips; on abdomen well anterior of pelvic-fin origins; over pelvicfin insertions with anterior margin of saddle posterior to first dorsal-fin origin, including section of first dorsal-fin anterior margin; between dorsal-fin bases; over and including second dorsal fin, extending ventrally to include inner margin of anal fins (Figs. 1 and 2). Thinner saddle marks present in dorsal-caudal space/anal caudal space; continuing as two bands on caudal fin and one on caudal fin terminal lobe. Ventral limits of abdomen saddle-marks approximately 75 % of trunk depth; caudal fin saddles continuing to ventral limits. Secondary, thinner saddles of light brown colouration may occur over first dorsal-fin origin extending anteriorly and over second dorsal-fin origin extending anteriorly. Development and prominence of secondary saddles may vary. Small dark brown to black spots the size of eye width or smaller, loosely arranged in lines around saddlemark margins and centre of inter-saddle spaces (strongly demarcated in dorsal view) of head and trunk, irregularly arranged on pectoral fins and dorsal fins. Brown/black spots on trunk region decreasing in number approaching second do, Published as part of Jacobsen, Ian P. & Bennett, Mike B., 2007, Description of a new species of catshark, Atelomycterus marnkalha n. sp. (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from north-east Australia, pp. 19-36 in Zootaxa 1520 on pages 24-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177424, {"references":["Compagno, L. J. V. & Stevens, J. D. (1993) Atelomycterus fasciatus n. sp., a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from tropical Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 45, 147 - 169.","Last, P. R. & Stevens, J. D. (1994) Sharks and Rays of Australia, CSIRO: Australia, 513 pp.","Bor, P. H. F., van Oijen, M. J. P. & Magenta, C. (2003) The egg capsule of the coral cat shark, Atelomycterus marmoratus (Bennett 1830) (Chondrichthyes: Scyliorhinidae). Zoologische Mededelingen, Vol. 77, 87 - 92.","Bradley, J., Homes, M., Norman, D., Isaac, A., Miller, J & Ninganga, I. (2006) Yumbulyumbulmantha ki-Awawawu: All Kinds of Things from Country: Yanyuwa ethnobiological classification. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit Research Report Series Vol. 6. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 174 pp.","White, W. T., Last, P. R. & Dharmadi. (2005) Description of a new species of catshark Atelomycterus baliensis (Carcharhiniformes: scyliorhinidae) from eastern Indonesia. Cybium, Vol. 29 (1), 33 - 40."]}

Key to the species of Atelomycterus. 1. Dorsal fins not angled rearwards, posterior margins sloping posteroventrally from fin apices, Dark brown blotches and large marking sparse, colour pattern dominated by brownish-grey saddles and bands on pale background.................................................................................................................................................. 2 - Dorsal fins angled rearwards, posterior margins vertical or sloping anteroventrally from fin apices. Dark brown spots and markings dominating colour pattern................................................................................. 3 2. Dark brown spots and markings sparse, white spots absent or fewer in number than brown spots. Trunk denticles with prominent lateral ridges, anal caudle-fin space greater than ten percent of total length........ ............................................................................................ Atelomycterus fasciatus (north-west Australia). - Dark brown spots forming irregular lines around saddle-mark margins and centre of inter-saddle spaces, white spots more numerous than brown, present on lateral surfaces post third-gill, on dorsal fins and caudal fin. Lateral trunk denticles without lateral ridges, anal caudle-fin space less than ten percent of total length ............................................................................... Atelomycterus marnkalha (north-east Australia). 3. Saddle markings obsolete, numerous light grey and white spots on head, body and fins; strongly defined white stripe through gill slits. Claspers elongate and narrow, with glans extending less than half length of clasper outer margin .......................................................... Atelomycterus marmoratus (Indo-West Pacific). - Colour pattern of brownish grey saddles, very few or no pale spots on head, body or fins. Claspers shorter and less elongate, sometimes stout, with glans extending more than half length of clasper outer margin. 4 4. Dorsal fins strongly falcate. About 6 well-defined saddle marking between first dorsal-fin origin and posterior of eye. Claspers moderately elongate, their outer margin length less than 5 times width at base....... ................................................................................................ Atelomycterus macleayi (northern Australia) - Dorsal fins weakly falcate. Four well-defined saddle markings between first dorsal-fin origin and posterior of eye. Claspers moderately elongate, their outer margin length more than 5 times width of base .............................................................................................................. Atelomycterus baliensis (Indonesia), Published as part of Jacobsen, Ian P. & Bennett, Mike B., 2007, Description of a new species of catshark, Atelomycterus marnkalha n. sp. (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from north-east Australia, pp. 19-36 in Zootaxa 1520 on page 35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177424

[[Atelomycterus Garman]] Key to the species of Atelomycterus. 1. Dorsal fins not angled rearwards, posterior margins sloping posteroventrally from fin apices, Dark brown blotches and large marking sparse, colour pattern dominated by brownish-grey saddles and bands on pale background.................................................................................................................................................. 2 - Dorsal fins angled rearwards, posterior margins vertical or sloping anteroventrally from fin apices. Dark brown spots and markings dominating colour pattern................................................................................. 3 2. Dark brown spots and markings sparse, white spots absent or fewer in number than brown spots. Trunk denticles with prominent lateral ridges, anal caudle-fin space greater than ten percent of total length.................................................................................................... Atelomycterus fasciatus (north-west Australia). - Dark brown spots forming irregular lines around saddle-mark margins and centre of inter-saddle spaces, white spots more numerous than brown, present on lateral surfaces post third-gill, on dorsal fins and caudal fin. Lateral trunk denticles without lateral ridges, anal caudle-fin space less than ten percent of total length............................................................................... Atelomycterus marnkalha (north-east Australia). 3. Saddle markings obsolete, numerous light grey and white spots on head, body and fins; strongly defined white stripe through gill slits. Claspers elongate and narrow, with glans extending less than half length of clasper outer margin.......................................................... Atelomycterus marmoratus (Indo-West Pacific). - Colour pattern of brownish grey saddles, very few or no pale spots on head, body or fins. Claspers shorter and less elongate, sometimes stout, with glans extending more than half length of clasper outer margin..... 4 4. Dorsal fins strongly falcate. About 6 well-defined saddle marking between first dorsal-fin origin and posterior of eye. Claspers moderately elongate, their outer margin length less than 5 times width at base....................................................................................................... Atelomycterus macleayi (northern Australia) - Dorsal fins weakly falcate. Four well-defined saddle markings between first dorsal-fin origin and posterior of eye. Claspers moderately elongate, their outer margin length more than 5 times width of base.............................................................................................................. Atelomycterus baliensis (Indonesia), Published as part of Ian P. Jacobsen & Mike B. Bennett, 2007, Description of a new species of catshark, Atelomycterus marnkalha n. sp. (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from north-east Australia., pp. 19-36 in Zootaxa 1520 on page 35

Atelomycterus fasciatus. Western Australia (7 specimens): CSIRO H 1299-09, adult female, 405mm TL, 28 Nov. 1982, NE of Nickol Bay, 20��10��S, 117��20��E, 38-42 m; CSIRO H 1307-01, immature male, 310 mm TL, 17 June 1983, NW of Port Hedland, 19��59��S, 117��52��E, 39-40 m; CSIRO H 1295-01 (paratype), adult male, 400 mm TL, CSIRO H 1295-02, adult male, 402 mm TL, 8 June 1983, NW of Dampier Archipelago, 19��51��S116��12��E, 68 m; CSIRO H 1095-01, immature female, 335 mm TL, 8 June 1983, N of Nickol Bay, 20��14��S, 116��48��E, 40-42 m; CSIRO H 1297-01 (paratype), immature male, 234 mm TL, 16 June 1983, NW of Port Hedland, 19��59��S, 117��52��E, 40 m; CSIRO CA 4523 (paratype), immature male, 264 mm TL, 1 June 1983, NW of Port Hedland, 19��59��S, 118��18��E, 24 m., Published as part of Ian P. Jacobsen & Mike B. Bennett, 2007, Description of a new species of catshark, Atelomycterus marnkalha n. sp. (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from north-east Australia., pp. 19-36 in Zootaxa 1520 on page 23

Jacobsen, Ian P., Bennett, Mike B. (2007): Description of a new species of catshark, Atelomycterus marnkalha n. sp. (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from north-east Australia. Zootaxa 1520: 19-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177424

Genus Atelomycterus Garman, 1913 Type species: Scyllium marmoratum Bennett, 1830, by monotypy. Compagno and Stevens (1993) defined the genus Atelomycterus as part of the A. fasciatus description; therefore, it will not be reviewed as part of the current analysis. Compagno (1988) also provides a more comprehensive analysis of the genus and its diagnostic features., Published as part of Jacobsen, Ian P. & Bennett, Mike B., 2007, Description of a new species of catshark, Atelomycterus marnkalha n. sp. (Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from north-east Australia, pp. 19-36 in Zootaxa 1520 on page 24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.177424, {"references":["Garman, S. (1913) The Plagiostomia. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard. 36, 515 pp.","Bennett, E. T. (1830) Fishes. In S. Raffles. Memoir of the Life and Public Services of Sir T. S. Raffles. Lady Raffles (Ed.). London, 694 pp.","Compagno, L. J. V. & Stevens, J. D. (1993) Atelomycterus fasciatus n. sp., a new catshark (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae) from tropical Australia. Records of the Australian Museum, Vol. 45, 147 - 169.","Compagno, L. J. V. (1988) Sharks of the Order Carcharhiniformes. Princeton University Press, New Jersey, xxii + 572 pp."]}

20 pages, 3 tables, 5 figures.-- Samantha Andrzejaczek ... et al.-- Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC), Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements, Data analysis was funded by the Bertarelli Foundation through the Marine Science program through grants to D.J.C., B.A.B., and S.A. D.J.C. is also funded through Research England, UK. S.A. and B.A.B. thank the Moore Foundation and the Packard Foundation. F.G.-M. thanks the Instituto Politecnico Nacional for fellowships (COFAA, EDI). S.B.W. thanks funding from the Darwin Initiative (DPLUS046). A.D.M.D. acknowledges funding from the Research and Conservation Budget at Georgia Aquarium, including philanthropic gifts from several anonymous donors. K.F. acknowledges funding from the Rolex Awards for Enterprise and the Whitley Fund for Nature