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165 results on '"Bennett, Richard N."'

8. Polyamine metabolism and transforming growth factor-[beta] signaling are affected in Caco-2 cells by differentially cooked broccoli extracts

Author

Furniss, Caroline S.M., Bennett, Richard N., Bacon, James R., LeGall, Gwen, and Mithen, Richard F.

Subjects
Gene expression -- Evaluation, Polyamines -- Nutritional aspects, Polyamines -- Physiological aspects, Growth factors -- Physiological aspects, Broccoli -- Nutritional aspects, Broccoli -- Chemical properties, Plant metabolites -- Nutritional aspects, Plant metabolites -- Chemical properties, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

The health benefits of consuming cruciferous vegetables are widely considered to be due to the biological activity of glucosinolate degradation products. However, it is conceivable that other phytochemicals within crucifers may also have biological activity that may contribute to health benefits. In this study, we analyzed global gene expression in Caco-2 cells exposed to extracts derived from broccoli that had been heat treated to different extents to result in contrasting profiles of glucosinolates and their degradation products. Extracts microwaved for 0, 1, and 4 min contained 9.5, 25.5, and 0 [micro]mol/L sulforaphane and induced changes in expression of 381, 1017, and 101 genes, respectively (> 2 fold; P < 0.01). Seventy-two genes showed similar changes in expression after treatment with all 3 extracts. These included genes involved in polyamine catabolism and transforming growth factor (TGF)-[beta] signaling. Consistent with these changes in gene expression, subsequent studies demonstrated that exposing cells to these extracts, including the 4-min extract that contained no glucosinolate degradation products, increased putrescine and N-acetyl-spermine concentration, and suppressed the TGF[beta]1-mediated induction of phosphorylated Smad 2. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of phytochemicals from a cruciferous vegetable affecting both a signaling pathway and a catabolic process.

Published
2008

12. Polyphenols from alcoholic apple cider are absorbed, metabolized and excreted by humans. (Human Nutrition and Metabolism Research Communication)

Author

DuPont, M. Susan, Bennett, Richard N., Mellon, Fred A., and Williamson, Gary

Subjects
Urine -- Analysis, Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Physiological aspects, Cider -- Physiological aspects, Polyphenols -- Physiological aspects, Quercetin -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

We determined the uptake and excretion of low doses of polyphenols in six subjects who each consumed 1.1 L of an alcoholic cider beverage. Over a 24-h period, no phloretin was detected in plasma (detection limit = 0.036 [micro]mol/L), but 21 [+ or -] 5% of the dose (4.8 mg) was excreted in the urine. In contrast, from a low dose of 1.6-mg quercetin equivalents, no quercetin was found in urine or plasma, but 3'-methyl quercetin was detected in plasma [[C.sub.max] (maximum concentration) = 0.14 [+ or -] 0.19 [micro]mol/L; range: 0 to 0.44 [micro]mol/L]. No flavanol monomers (dose of free (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin = 3.5 mg) were detected in urine or plasma (detection limit: 0.01 [micro]mol/L). Caffeic acid (total dose including esters = 11 mg) was detected only in plasma within 2 h, with [C.sub.max] = 0.4 [+ or -] 0.3 [micro]mol/L (range: 0.18 to 0.84 [micro]mol/L). An almost 3-fold increase in hippuric acid was detected in 24-h urine (74 [+ or -] 29 [micro]mol/L; range: 38-116 [micro]mol/L), compared with a prestudy value of 19 [+ or -] 9 [micro]mol/L. These data show that polyphenols are taken up from cider, that phloretin is excreted in the urine and suggest that low doses of quercetin are extensively methylated in humans. J. Nutr. 132: 172-175, 2002. KEY WORDS: * cider * flavonoids * phloretin * polyphenol * quercetin

Published
2002

17. Cocoa procyanidins are stable during gastric transit in humans

Author

Rios, Laurent Y, Bennett, Richard N, Lazarus, Sheryl A, Remesy, Christian, Scalbert, Augustin, and Williamson, Gary

Subjects
Intestinal absorption -- Measurement, Flavones -- Physiological aspects, Flavonoids, Bioflavonoids, Chocolate -- Physiological aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Polyphenolic procyanidins are abundant flavonoid polymers in Western diets. In vitro biological activity has been reported for these compounds, but activity in vivo depends on the amount and chemical nature of the flavonoids reaching the gastrointestinal tract. Degradation of procyanidins under simulated gastric conditions at pH 2.0 has been reported in vitro. Objective: The objective was to examine whether depolymerization of procyanidins occurs in the stomach of human subjects in vivo. Design: After an overnight fast, 6 healthy subjects (3 men and 3 women) consumed 500 mL of a cocoa beverage containing 733 mg procyanidin polymers and 351 mg structurally related flavanol monomers. With the use of a nasogastric tube, stomach contents were collected every 10 min after beverage ingestion until the stomach was emptied. Flavanols and procyanidins (up to pentamers) were quantified by normal and reversed-phase HPLC. Results: In all subjects, gastric transit lasted [approximately equal to] 50-60 min. No change in the HPLC profile of procyanidins was observed during this period, showing that procyanidins were remarkably stable in the stomach environment. Conclusion: The results suggest that most ingested procyanidins reach the small intestine intact and are available for absorption or metabolism. KEY WORDS Cocoa, chocolate, flavonoid, procyanidin, flavanol, epicatechin, catechin, stomach, gastric pH, absorption

Published
2002

24. Correlations between disease severity, glucosinolate profiles and total phenolics and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris inoculation of different Brassicaceae

Author

Aires, Alfredo, primary, Dias, Carla S.P., additional, Carvalho, Rosa, additional, Oliveira, Maria Helena, additional, Monteiro, António A., additional, Simões, Manuel Vieira, additional, Rosa, Eduardo A.S., additional, Bennett, Richard N., additional, and Saavedra, Maria José, additional

Published
2011
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