35 results on '"Bennett MP"'
Search Results
2. Inconsistencies between objective and subjective measures of cognitive difficulties are associated with heightened psychological distress: A provisional functional cognitive difficulties account
- Author
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Farina F, Williams K, Bennett Mp, Holmes J, and Vedechkina M
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Psychological distress ,Cognition ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Children with learning difficulties are commonly assumed to have underlying cognitive deficits by health and educational professionals. However, not all children referred for psycho-educational assessment will be found to have cognitive deficits as measured by performance on neuropsychological tasks. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this inconsistent cognitive profile (ICP) in a transdiagnostic sample of children referred by health and education service providers for problems related to attention, learning and memory (N=715). A second aim was to explore whether psychological distress was associated with ICPs. Findings suggest that approximately half of this sample could be characterised as having ICP. Cognitive difficulties, whether identified by subjective reports or objective task performance, were associated with elevated internalising and externalising difficulties. Crucially, having a larger discrepancy between a subjective rating of cognitive difficulties and performance on objective cognitive tasks was associated with experiencing greater internalising and externalising difficulties. This study therefore suggests that subjective cognitive difficulties occurring in the absence of any objective performance deficits may be a functional problem arising from psychological distress and maladaptive emotional regulation tactics.
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- 2021
3. Ethics and the HPV vaccine: considerations for school nurses.
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Bennett MP
- Abstract
School nurses are at the forefront of health care providers for many families of junior high and high school students and are used as primary sources of information and guidance about recommended student vaccinations. In the case of the relatively new vaccine for human papillomavirus (HPV), school nurses must be both knowledgeable about the infection itself and unbiased when asked to give students and families information about the vaccine. This article explores the development and current status of HPV and the HPV vaccine and the ethical principles of autonomy, utilitarianism, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and cultural and religious issues as they relate to discussions with students and families about HPV vaccinations. School nurses are advocates for the health of students. Therefore, they must critically evaluate the application of these ethical principles when providing information and recommendations about the HPV vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2008
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4. The effect of mirthful laughter on stress and natural killer cell activity.
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Bennett MP, Zeller JM, Rosenberg L, and McCann J
- Abstract
CONTEXT: A recent survey of rural Midwestern cancer patients revealed that humor was one of the most frequently used complementary therapies. Psychoneuroimmunology research suggests that, in addition to its established psychological benefits, humor may have physiological effects on immune functioning. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of laughter on self-reported stress and natural killer cell activity. DESIGN: Randomized, pre-post test with comparison group. SETTING: Indiana State University Sycamore Nursing Center, which is a nurse-managed community health clinic in a mid-sized, Midwestern city. PARTICIPANTS: 33 healthy adult women. INTERVENTION: Experimental subjects viewed a humorous video while subjects in the distraction control group viewed a tourism video. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported stress and arousal (Stress Arousal Check List), mirthful laughter (Humor Response Scale), and immune function (chromium release natural killer [NK] cell cytotoxicity assay). RESULTS: Stress decreased for subjects in the humor group, compared with those in the distraction group (U32 = 215.5; P = .004). Amount of mirthful laughter correlated with postintervention stress measures for persons in the humor group (r16 = -.655; P = .004). Subjects who scored greater than 25 on the humor response scale had increased immune function postintervention (t16 = 2.52 P = .037) and compared with the remaining participants (t32 = 32.1; P = .04). Humor response scale scores correlated with changes in NK cell activity (r16 = .744; P = 001). CONCLUSION: Laughter may reduce stress and improve NK cell activity. As low NK cell activity is linked to decreased disease resistance and increased morbidity in persons with cancer and HIV disease, laughter may be a useful cognitive-behavioral intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
5. The process of clinical trials: a model for successful clinical trial participation.
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Lengacher CA, Gonzalez LL, Giuliano R, Bennett MP, Cox CE, and Reintgen DS
- Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To present barriers and strategies related to successful clinical trial participation and integrate them into a model for successful trial participation. DATA SOURCES: The proposed model was developed based on a literature review related to clinical trial participation, review of empirical studies related to clinical trials, and experiences with subject participation. DATA SYNTHESIS: Successful clinical trial participation depends on study design, participant factors, issues related to ethnic diversity, the informed consent process, and physician factors. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial participation is critical for all disciplines. However, nurses either are researchers or co-investigators with physicians on clinical trials, and it is critical for them to understand specific barriers and success strategies for patient participation. Future studies need to be conducted related to participation in nursing clinical trial research. These study results will facilitate successful nursing clinical trials. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This model can be used in implementation of clinical trials across disciplines prior to and during enrollment of patients into studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2001
6. Case report: Nonsimultaneous bilateral triceps tendon rupture and surgical repair in a healthy dog.
- Author
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Bennett MP, Silver G, Tromblee T, Kohler R, Frem D, Glass EN, and Kent M
- Abstract
A 7-year-old female spayed Australian shepherd dog was presented for an acute onset of inability to stand. On physical examination, the dog was unable to support weight on the thoracic limbs. On neurological examination, the thoracic limbs had absent hopping and paw placement and reduced withdrawal reflexes bilaterally. The remainder of the neurological examination was normal. The anatomic lesion localized to the C6-T2 spinal nerve roots, spinal nerves, or the named nerves of the thoracic limb, bilaterally. A lesion affecting the ventral gray column of the C6 through T2 spinal cord segments was considered less likely. In an effort to exclude an orthopedic disorder from consideration, radiographs of the shoulders, elbows, and manus were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical and cranial thoracic vertebral column was normal. Analysis of synovial fluid from the carpi, elbows, and shoulders were normal. Ultrasonography of the triceps muscle and tendon of insertion revealed bilateral, acute-subacute tears of the tendon at insertion of the triceps muscles, bilaterally. Magnetic resonance imaging of both elbows revealed complete avulsion of the triceps tendons bilaterally. Surgical repair of both tendons was performed using the Arthrex FiberLoop system combined with autologous conditioned plasma soaked in a collagen sponge. Postoperatively, external coaptation was provided using Spica splints for 6 weeks followed by the use of soft padded orthotic braces for an additional 6 weeks. Concurrently, a front support wheelchair was used for 10 weeks postoperative. By 10 weeks postoperative, the dog was able to ambulate without support. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral triceps tendon avulsion in a dog. Tendon avulsion occurred without a known history of trauma or predisposing metabolic abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging provided excellent anatomical detail that aided in surgical repair., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Bennett, Silver, Tromblee, Kohler, Frem, Glass and Kent.)
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- 2024
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7. Comparative Expedited Regulatory Programs of U.S Food & Drug Administration and Project Orbis Partners.
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Hotaki LT, Shrestha A, Bennett MP, Valdes IL, Lee SH, Wang Y, Spillman D, MacAulay T, Hunt M, Gervais J, Mafi M, Panetta V, Looi YH, Shum M, Atiek E, Meincke R, Rohr UP, Ainbinder D, Boehm-Cagan A, Luxenburg O, Cerqueira MR, Mouawad LS, Thees MFRES, Prasad K, and de Claro RA
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- United States, Humans, Drug Approval, United States Food and Drug Administration, Canada, Neoplasms, Medicine
- Abstract
Project Orbis was initiated in May 2019 by the Oncology Center of Excellence to facilitate faster patient access to innovative cancer therapies by providing a framework for concurrent submissions and review of oncology products among international partners. Since its inception, Australia's Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), Canada's Health Canada (HC), Singapore's Health Sciences Authority (HSA), Switzerland's Swissmedic (SMC), Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), United Kingdom's Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), and most recently Israel's Ministry of Health (IMoH) Medical Technologies, Health Information, Innovation and Research (MTIIR) Directorate, have joined Project Orbis. While each country has its own expedited review pathways to bring promising therapies to patients, there are some similarities and differences in pathways and timelines. FDA's fast-track designation and MHRA's marketing authorization under exceptional circumstances (MAEC) allow non-clinical and limited clinical evidence to support approval under these programs. HC's Extraordinary Use New Drug (EUND) pathway allows granting exceptional use authorization with limited clinical evidence. ANVISA, HSA, MTIIR, and TGA do not have standard pathways that allow non-clinical evidence and limited clinical evidence. While there is no definite regulatory pathway for HSA, the current framework for approval does allow flexibility in the type of data (non-clinical or clinical) required to demonstrate the benefit-risk profile of a product. HSA may register a product if the agency is satisfied that the overall benefit outweighs the risk. All Project Orbis Partner (POP) countries have similar programs to the FDA accelerated approval program except ANVISA. Although HSA and MTIIR do not have defined pathways for accelerated approval programs, there are opportunities to request accelerated approval per these agencies. All POP countries have pathways like the FDA priority review except MHRA. Priority review timelines for new drugs range from 120 to 264 calendar days (cd). Standard review timelines for new drugs range from 180 to 365 cd., (© 2023. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
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- 2023
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8. Generalization of pain-related avoidance behavior based on de novo categorical knowledge.
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Glogan E, Gatzounis R, Bennett MP, Holthausen K, and Meulders A
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- Humans, Avoidance Learning physiology, Fear physiology, Chronic Pain, Phobic Disorders
- Abstract
Abstract: People with chronic pain often fear and avoid movements and activities that were never paired with pain. Safe movements may be avoided if they share some semantic relationship with an actual pain-associated movement. This study investigated whether pain-associated operant responses (movements) can become categorically associated with perceptually dissimilar responses, thus motivating avoidance of new classes of safe movements-a phenomenon known as category-based avoidance generalization. Using a robotic arm, 2 groups were trained to categorize arm movements in different ways. Subsequently, the groups learned through operant conditioning that an arm movement from one of the categories was paired with a high probability of pain, whereas the others were paired with either a medium probability of pain or no pain (acquisition phase). Self-reported pain-related fear and pain expectancy were collected as indices of fear learning. During a final generalization test phase, the movements categorically related to those from the acquisition phase were made available but in the absence of pain. Results showed that the generalization of outcome measures depended on the categorical connections between arm movements, ie, the groups avoided and feared the novel generalization movement categorically related to the pain-associated acquisition movement, depending on how they had previously learned to categorize the movements. This suggests that operant pain-related avoidance can generalize to safe behaviors, which are not perceptually, but categorically, similar to a pain-associated behavior. This form of pain-related avoidance generalization is problematic because category-based relations can be extremely wide reaching and idiosyncratic. Thus, category-based generalization of operant pain-related avoidance merits further investigation., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.)
- Published
- 2023
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9. Inconsistencies between Subjective Reports of Cognitive Difficulties and Performance on Cognitive Tests are Associated with Elevated Internalising and Externalising Symptoms in Children with Learning-related Problems.
- Author
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Williams KL, Holmes J, Farina F, Vedechkina M, and Bennett MP
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- Child, Humans, Parents, Neuropsychological Tests, Cognition, Educational Status, Child Behavior Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Children with learning difficulties are commonly assumed to have underlying cognitive deficits by health and educational professionals. However, not all children referred for psycho-educational assessment will be found to have deficits when their abilities are measured by performance on cognitive tasks. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of this inconsistent cognitive profile (ICP) in a transdiagnostic sample of children referred by health and education service providers for problems related to attention, learning and memory (N = 715). A second aim was to explore whether elevated mental health problems were associated with ICPs. Findings suggest that approximately half of this sample could be characterised as having an ICP. Cognitive difficulties, whether identified by parent ratings or task performance, were associated with elevated internalising and externalising difficulties. Crucially, a larger discrepancy between a parent's actual ratings of a child's cognitive difficulties and the ratings that would be predicted based on the child's performance on cognitive tasks was associated greater internalising and externalising difficulties for measures of working memory, and greater externalising difficulties for measures of attention. These findings suggest that subjective cognitive difficulties occurring in the absence of any task-based performance deficits may be a functional problem arising from mental health problems., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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10. Access to Care for Infertile Men: Referral Patterns of Fertility Clinics in the United States.
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Shabto JM, Patil D, Poulose K, Bennett MP, Xiao AX, Hipp HS, Kawwass JF, and Mehta A
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- Fertility Clinics, Fertilization in Vitro, Health Services Accessibility, Humans, Male, Referral and Consultation, United States, Infertility, Infertility, Male therapy
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate fertility clinic management of male factor infertility, including website educational content as well as factors associated with referral for urologic evaluation and care., Materials and Methods: Using 2015-2018 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fertility Clinic Success Rates Reports, 480 operative fertility clinics in the United States were identified. Clinic websites were systematically reviewed for content regarding male infertility. Structured telephone interviews of clinic representatives were performed to determine clinic-specific practices for management of male factor infertility. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict how clinic characteristics (geographic region, practice size, practice setting, proximity to urologist, in-state andrology fellowship, state-mandated fertility coverage, annual in vitro fertilization cycles, and percentage of in vitro fertilization cycles for male factor infertility) were associated with patient referral to a urologist for male infertility care., Results: We interviewed 477 fertility clinics and analyzed available websites (n = 474). The majority of websites (77%) discussed male infertility evaluation while 46% discussed treatment. Fifty clinics (11%) had an on-site urologist. Clinics with on-site urologists were more likely to be larger practices, academically affiliated, and discuss male infertility treatment on their website (all P ≤ .05). For clinics without an on-site urologist, practice size and presence of an in-state andrology fellowship program were the strongest predictors of urologic referral (P <.02)., Conclusion: Variability in patient-facing education and infertility practice setting and size influence access to urologic care for couples with male factor infertility., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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11. Referral Patterns for Infertile Men: Predictors of Continued Treatment by Reproductive Endocrinologist versus Referral to a Nearby Urologist.
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Shabto JM, Patil D, Poulose K, Bennett MP, Xiao AX, Hipp HS, Kawwass JF, and Mehta A
- Abstract
Introduction: We evaluated fertility clinic management of male factor infertility, including patient education and referral for urological evaluation and care., Methods: Using 2015-2018 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Fertility Clinic Success Rates Reports, 480 operative fertility clinics in the United States were identified. Clinic websites were systematically reviewed for content regarding male infertility. Structured telephone interviews of clinic representatives were performed to determine clinic-specific practices for management of male factor infertility. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict how clinic characteristics (geographic region, practice size, practice setting, in-state andrology fellowship, state-mandated fertility coverage, annual in vitro fertilization cycles and percentage of in vitro fertilization cycles for male factor infertility) were associated with reproductive endocrinologist physician management of male infertility and/or referral to a urologist., Results: We interviewed 477 fertility clinics and analyzed available websites (474). The majority of websites (77%) discussed male infertility evaluation, while 46% discussed treatment. Clinics that were academically affiliated, had an accredited embryo laboratory and referred patients to a urologist were less likely to have the reproductive endocrinologist manage male infertility (all p <0.05). Practice affiliation, practice size and website discussion of surgical sperm retrieval were the strongest predictors of nearby urological referral (all p <0.05)., Conclusions: Variability in patient-facing education, and fertility clinic setting and size influence fertility clinics' management of male factor infertility.
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- 2022
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12. Drivers of genomic loss of heterozygosity in leiomyosarcoma are distinct from carcinomas.
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Seligson ND, Tang J, Jin DX, Bennett MP, Elvin JA, Graim K, Hays JL, Millis SZ, Miles WO, and Chen JL
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Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare, aggressive, mesenchymal tumor. Subsets of LMS have been identified to harbor genomic alterations associated with homologous recombination deficiency (HRD); particularly alterations in BRCA2. Whereas genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH) has been used as a surrogate marker of HRD in other solid tumors, the prognostic or clinical value of gLOH in LMS (gLOH-LMS) remains poorly defined. We explore the genomic drivers associated with gLOH-LMS and their clinical import. Although the distribution of gLOH-LMS scores are similar to that of carcinomas, outside of BRCA2, there was no overlap with previously published gLOH-associated genes from studies in carcinomas. We note that early stage tumors with elevated gLOH demonstrated a longer disease-free interval following resection in LMS patients. Taken together, and despite similarities to carcinomas in gLOH distribution and clinical import, gLOH-LMS are driven by different genomic signals. Additional studies will be required to isolate and confirm the unique differences in biological factors driving these differences., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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13. Protocol for a randomised controlled trial investigating an intervention to boost decentering in response to distressing mental experiences during adolescence: the decentering in adolescence study (DECADES).
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Bennett MP, Knight RC, Dunning D, Archer-Boyd A, Blakemore SJ, Dalmaijer E, Ford T, Williams JMG, Clegg H, Kuyken W, So T, Wright G, Lenaert B, Vainre M, Watson P, and Dalgleish T
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- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety therapy, Humans, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Research Design, Self Report, Young Adult, Exercise, Stress, Psychological therapy
- Abstract
Introduction: Decentering describes the ability to voluntarily adopt an objective self-perspective from which to notice internal, typically distressing, stressors (eg, difficult thoughts, memories and feelings). The reinforcement of this skill may be an active ingredient through which different psychological interventions accrue reductions in anxiety and/or depression. However, it is unclear if decentering can be selectively trained at a young age and if this might reduce psychological distress. The aim of the current trial is to address this research gap., Methods and Analysis: Adolescents, recruited from schools in the UK and Ireland (n=57 per group, age range=16-19 years), will be randomised to complete 5 weeks of decentering training, or an active control group that will take part in a combination of light physical exercise and cognitive training. The coprimary training outcomes include a self-reported decentering inventory (ie, the Experiences Questionnaire) and the momentary use of decentering in response to psychological stressors, using experience sampling. The secondary mental health outcomes will include self-reported inventories of depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as psychological well-being. Initial statistical analysis will use between-group analysis of covariance to estimate the effect of training condition on self-rated inventories, adjusted for baseline scores. Additionally, experience sampling data will be examined using hierarchical linear models., Ethics and Dissemination: This study was approved by the Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee, University of Cambridge (PRE.2019.109). Findings will be disseminated through typical academic routes including poster/paper presentations at (inter)national conferences, academic institutes and through publication in peer-reviewed journals., Trial Registration Number: ISRCTN14329613., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2022
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14. Higher-order dimensions of psychopathology in a neurodevelopmental transdiagnostic sample.
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Holmes J, Mareva S, Bennett MP, Black MJ, and Guy J
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- Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Humans, Mental Health, Mental Disorders, Psychopathology
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Hierarchical dimensional models of psychopathology derived for adult and child community populations offer more informative and efficient methods for assessing and treating symptoms of mental ill health than traditional diagnostic approaches. It is not yet clear how many dimensions should be included in models for youth with neurodevelopmental conditions. The aim of this study was to delineate the hierarchical dimensional structure of psychopathology in a transdiagnostic sample of children and adolescents with learning-related problems, and to test the concurrent predictive value of the model for clinically, socially, and educationally relevant outcomes. A sample of N = 403 participants from the Centre for Attention Learning and Memory (CALM) cohort were included. Hierarchical factor analysis delineated dimensions of psychopathology from ratings on the Conner's Parent Rating Short Form, the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A hierarchical structure with a general p factor at the apex, broad internalizing and broad externalizing spectra below, and three more specific factors (specific internalizing, social maladjustment, and neurodevelopmental) emerged. The p factor predicted all concurrently measured social, clinical, and educational outcomes, but the other dimensions provided incremental predictive value. The neurodevelopmental dimension, which captured symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and executive function and emerged from the higher-order externalizing factor, was the strongest predictor of learning. This suggests that in struggling learners, cognitive and affective behaviors may interact to influence learning outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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- 2021
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15. Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report.
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Bennett MP, Knight R, Patel S, So T, Dunning D, Barnhofer T, Smith P, Kuyken W, Ford T, and Dalgleish T
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- Adolescent, Anxiety prevention & control, Emotions, Humans, Mental Health, Anxiety Disorders prevention & control, Depression prevention & control
- Abstract
Decentering is a ubiquitous therapeutic concept featuring in multiple schools of psychological intervention and science. It describes an ability to notice to day-to-day psychological stressors (negative thoughts, feelings, and memories) from an objective self-perspective and without perseverating on the themes they represent. Thus, decentering dampens the impact and distress associated with psychological stressors that can otherwise increase mental ill health in vulnerable individuals. Importantly, the strengthening of decentering-related abilities has been flagged as a core component of psychological interventions that treat and prevent anxiety and depression. We provide an in-depth review evidence of the salutary effects of decentering with a special focus on youth mental health. This is because adolescence is a critical window for the development of psychopathology but is often under-represented in this research line. A narrative synthesis is presented that integrates and summarizes findings on a range of decentering-related abilities. Section 1 reviews extant conceptualizations of decentering and data-driven approaches to characterize its characteristic. A novel definition is then offered to guide future empirical research. Section 2 overviews laboratory-based research into the development of decentering as well as its relationship with anxiety and depression. Section 3 examines the role decentering-related skills play in psychological interventions for anxiety and depression. Critically, we review evidence that treatment-related increases in decentering predict latter reductions in anxiety and depression severity. Each section highlights important areas for future research. The report concludes by addressing the vital questions of whether, how, why and when decentering alleviates youth anxiety and depression.
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- 2021
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16. Nursing's leaky pipeline: Barriers to a diverse nursing workforce.
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Bennett MP, Lovan S, Smith M, and Elllis-Griffith C
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- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Minority Groups, Workforce, Education, Nursing, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate, Students, Nursing
- Abstract
Background: Nursing educational programs have been charged with increasing the diversity of the nursing workforce; however, this depends on having a diverse and qualified applicant pool to select from., Purpose: To determine the effects of student losses over time on nursing program diversity., Design and Methods: Descriptive longitudinal study. Progression of all students from a single university enrolled as pre-nursing majors from 2012 to 2016 (N = 2498) was tracked over seven key checkpoints during a seven-year time period., Results: Slightly more than half of the students (57%) were lost prior to nursing program application, which occurred at the end of the sophomore year. Losses were higher for minority students (70%), those requiring remedial coursework (65%), and first-generation students (62%). Older students, those with a prior degree, and those who started in another major were more likely to persist through some, but not all, of the checkpoints., Conclusions: Pre-nursing program losses significantly decreased the diversity of the remaining nursing applicant pool, particularly for African American students. Losses were highest during the freshman level Anatomy and Physiology course. Nursing education programs need to develop early intervention programs to support diverse students during the critical pre-nursing period to increase the diversity of the nursing workforce., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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17. Transitions from avoidance: Reinforcing competing behaviours reduces generalised avoidance in new contexts.
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Bennett MP, Roche B, Dymond S, Baeyens F, Vervliet B, and Hermans D
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- Anxiety, Avoidance Learning, Generalization, Psychological, Humans, Conditioning, Classical, Fear
- Abstract
Generalised avoidance behaviours are a common diagnostic feature of anxiety-related disorders and a barrier to affecting changes in anxiety during therapy. However, strategies to mitigate generalised avoidance are under-investigated. Even less attention is given to reducing the category-based generalisation of avoidance. We therefore investigated the potential of an operant-based approach. Specifically, it was examined whether reinforcing competing (non-avoidance) behaviours to threat-predictive cues would interfere with the expression of generalised avoidance. Using a matching-to-sample task, artificial stimulus categories were established using physically dissimilar nonsense shapes. A member of one category (conditioned stimulus; CS1) was then associated with an aversive outcome in an Acquisition context, unless an avoidance response was made. Next, competing behaviours were reinforced in response to the CS1 in new contexts. Finally, we tested for the generalisation of avoidance to another member of the stimulus category (generalisation stimulus; GS1) in both a Novel context and the Acquisition context. The selective generalisation of avoidance to GS1 was observed, but only in the Acquisition context. In the Novel context, the generalisation of avoidance to GSs was significantly reduced. A comparison group (Experiment 2), which did not learn any competing behaviours, avoided GS1 in both contexts. These findings suggest that reinforcing competing behavioural responses to threat-predictive cues can lead to reductions in generalised avoidance. This study is among the first study to demonstrate sustained reductions in generalised avoidance resulting from operant-based protocols, and the clinical and research implications are discussed.
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- 2020
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18. A one hour teaching intervention can improve end-of-life care.
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Bennett MP, Lovan S, Hager K, Canonica L, and Taylor B
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- Curriculum, Female, Humans, Male, United States, Young Adult, Clinical Competence, Patient Preference psychology, Students, Nursing psychology, Terminal Care
- Abstract
Background: It is not known if standard nursing actions are tailored to patient preferences for comfort measures during End of Life (EOL) care., Objectives: Determine the effect of a brief teaching intervention on student care of EOL patients., Design: Pre-test/post-test intervention design., Settings: Two large public universities and one smaller private Catholic institution (all in the United States [U.S.])., Participants: 471 nursing students attending class as part of their required nursing curriculum., Methods: A previously developed aggressiveness of nursing care scale was modified to determine students' behavioral intentions for the care of the EOL patient before and after a standardized lecture. The lecture was designed to help students recognize that nursing care priorities for the EOL patient may need to be different than for other patients in order to provide the best quality of remaining life., Results: Nursing students prior to the lecture had aggressiveness of care scores similar to those of experienced staff nurses, and were more likely to provide more aggressive care to younger patients without DNR orders than to older patients with a DNR order. Following the lecture, aggressiveness of nursing care scores decreased significantly for all EOL patients, and students reported similar behavioral intentions for all EOL patients, regardless of patient age or code status. Student age was marginally related to change in behavior following the lecture. Prior experience in caring for a dying patient or relative did not have a significant effect on aggressiveness of care scores before or after the lecture., Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a brief teaching intervention to help student nurses take patient preferences and needs into consideration when selecting nursing interventions for the EOL patient., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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19. The Concept of Contexts in Pain: Generalization of Contextual Pain-Related Fear Within a de Novo Category of Unique Contexts.
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Meulders A and Bennett MP
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- Adolescent, Adult, Affect physiology, Cues, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Movement, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Proprioception, Reflex, Startle physiology, Self Report, Young Adult, Conditioning, Psychological physiology, Fear psychology, Generalization, Psychological physiology, Pain psychology, Pain Management
- Abstract
The experience of unpredictable pain fluctuations can trigger anticipatory pain-related fear. When discrete predictors for pain are lacking, fear typically accrues to the broader environmental context: a phenomenon referred to as contextual pain-related fear. We examined whether conceptual similarity between discrete contexts facilitates pain-related fear generalization; this mechanism is known as category-level fear generalization. Using a voluntary joystick movement paradigm, pain-free participants performed movements in 2 contexts (within-subjects design); context was manipulated by varying background color screens. In the predictable context, one movement predicted pain and another did not. In the unpredictable context, 2 other movements never predicted pain but pain was unpredictably delivered during the context. Participants subsequently learned to categorize novel background colors (ie, generalization contexts) as being similar to either the unpredictable or predictable pain context. Then we tested fear generalization to these novel contexts. We measured self-reported pain-related fear, expectancy, and eyeblink startle. Results indicated higher pain-related fear reports, but no elevated startle responses, for generalization contexts that were trained to be similar to the original unpredictable context rather than the predictable pain context. This highlights a potential pathway through which neutral contexts can elicit pain-related fear and motivate avoidance behavior associated with chronic pain disability., Perspective: Self-reported pain-related fear and expectancy of painful outcome in response to a context associated with unpredictable pain generalizes to perceptually distinct contexts that are trained to be conceptually similar to the unpredictable pain context. Category-level generalization may be a pathway contributing to spreading of fear and avoidance in chronic pain., (Copyright © 2017 The American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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20. One for all: The effect of extinction stimulus typicality on return of fear.
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Scheveneels S, Boddez Y, Bennett MP, and Hermans D
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- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Galvanic Skin Response physiology, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological physiology, Fear psychology, Generalization, Psychological, Implosive Therapy methods
- Abstract
Background and Objectives: During exposure therapy, patients are encouraged to approach the feared stimulus, so they can experience that this stimulus is not followed by the anticipated aversive outcome. However, patients might treat the absence of the aversive outcome as an 'exception to the rule'. This could hamper the generalization of fear reduction when the patient is confronted with similar stimuli not used in therapy. We examined the effect of providing information about the typicality of the extinction stimulus on the generalization of extinction to a new but similar stimulus., Methods: In a differential fear conditioning procedure, an animal-like figure was paired with a brief electric shock to the wrist. In a subsequent extinction phase, a different but perceptually similar animal-like figure was presented without the shock. Before testing the generalization of extinction with a third animal-like figure, participants were either instructed that the extinction stimulus was a typical or an atypical member of the animal family., Results: The typicality instruction effectively impacted the generalization of extinction; the third animal-like figure elicited lower shock expectancies in the typical relative to the atypical group., Limitations: Skin conductance data mirrored these results, but did not reach significance., Conclusion: These findings suggest that verbal information about stimulus typicality can be a promising adjunctive to standard exposure treatments., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2017
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21. Bending rules: the shape of the perceptual generalisation gradient is sensitive to inference rules.
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Boddez Y, Bennett MP, van Esch S, and Beckers T
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- Adult, Cognition, Humans, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Young Adult, Association Learning, Generalization, Psychological
- Abstract
Generalising what is learned about one stimulus to other but perceptually related stimuli is a basic behavioural phenomenon. We evaluated whether a rule learning mechanism may serve to explain such generalisation. To this end, we assessed whether inference rules communicated through verbal instructions affect generalisation. Expectancy ratings, but not valence ratings, proved sensitive to this manipulation. In addition to revealing a role for inference rules in generalisation, our study has clinical implications as well. More specifically, we argue that targeting inference rules might prove to be an effective strategy to affect the excessive generalisation that is often observed in psychopathology.
- Published
- 2017
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22. No Change in 24-Hour Hydration Status Following a Moderate Increase in Fluid Consumption.
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Tucker MA, Adams JD, Brown LA, Ridings CB, Burchfield JM, Robinson FB, McDermott JL, Schreiber BA, Moyen NE, Washington TA, Bermudez AC, Bennett MP, Buyckx ME, and Ganio MS
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- Body Mass Index, Body Water, Diet, Electric Impedance, Humans, Male, Serum, Urine, Urine Specimen Collection, Young Adult, Beverages, Dehydration prevention & control, Drinking, Water-Electrolyte Balance
- Abstract
Purpose: To investigate changes in 24-hour hydration status when increasing fluid intake., Methods: Thirty-five healthy males (age 23.8 ± 4.7 years; mass 74.0 ± 9.4 kg) were divided into 4 treatment groups for 2 weeks of testing. Volumes of 24-hour fluid ingestion (including water from food) for weeks 1 and 2 was 35 and 40 ml/kg body mass, respectively. Each treatment group was given the same proportion of beverages in each week of testing: water only (n = 10), water + caloric cola (n = 7), water + noncaloric cola (n = 10), or water + caloric cola + noncaloric cola + orange juice (n = 8). Serum osmolality (Sosm), total body water (TBW) via bioelectrical impedance, 24-hour urine osmolality (Uosm), and volume (Uvol) were analyzed at the end of each 24-hour intervention., Results: Independent of treatment, total beverage consumption increased 22% from week 1 to 2 (1685 ± 320 to 2054 ± 363 ml; p < 0.001). Independent of beverage assignment, the increase in fluid consumption between weeks 1 and 2 did not change TBW (43.4 ± 5.2 vs 43.0 ± 4.8 kg), Sosm (292 ± 5 vs 292 ± 5 mOsm/kg), 24-hour Uosm (600 ± 224 vs 571 ± 212 mOsm/kg), or 24-hour Uvol (1569 ± 607 vs 1580 ± 554 ml; all p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Regardless of fluid volume or beverage type consumed, measures of 24-hour hydration status did not differ, suggesting that standard measures of hydration status are not sensitive enough to detect a 22% increase in beverage consumption.
- Published
- 2016
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23. Words putting pain in motion: the generalization of pain-related fear within an artificial stimulus category.
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Bennett MP, Meulders A, Baeyens F, and Vlaeyen JW
- Abstract
Patients with chronic pain are often fearful of movements that never featured in painful episodes. This study examined whether a neutral movement's conceptual relationship with pain-relevant stimuli could precipitate pain-related fear; a process known as symbolic generalization. As a secondary objective, we also compared experiential and verbal fear learning in the generalization of pain-related fear. We conducted an experimental study with 80 healthy participants who were recruited through an online experimental management system (M age = 23.04 years, SD = 6.80 years). First, two artificial categories were established wherein nonsense words and joystick arm movements were equivalent. Using a between-groups design, nonsense words from one category were paired with either an electrocutaneous stimulus (pain-US) or threatening information, while nonsense words from the other category were paired with no pain-US or safety information. During a final testing phase, participants were prompted to perform specific joystick arm movements that were never followed by a pain-US, although they were informed that it could occur. The results showed that movements equivalent to the pain-relevant nonsense words evoked heightened pain-related fear as measured by pain-US expectancy, fear of pain, and unpleasantness ratings. Also, experience with the pain-US evinced stronger acquisition and generalization compared to experience with threatening information. The clinical importance and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
- Published
- 2015
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24. Hydration Status over 24-H Is Not Affected by Ingested Beverage Composition.
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Tucker MA, Ganio MS, Adams JD, Brown LA, Ridings CB, Burchfield JM, Robinson FB, McDermott JL, Schreiber BA, Moyen NE, Washington TA, Bermudez AC, Bennett MP, and Buyckx ME
- Subjects
- Adult, Beverages, Body Water metabolism, Diet, Dietary Sucrose, Electric Impedance, Feeding Behavior, Humans, Male, Osmolar Concentration, Reference Values, Time Factors, Urinalysis, Urination, Young Adult, Caffeine, Carbonated Beverages, Citrus sinensis, Dehydration etiology, Dehydration prevention & control, Drinking, Drinking Water, Fruit and Vegetable Juices
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the 24-h hydration status of healthy, free-living, adult males when given various combinations of different beverage types., Methods: Thirty-four healthy adult males participated in a randomized, repeated-measures design in which they consumed: water only (treatment A), water+cola (treatment B), water+diet cola (treatment C), or water+cola+diet cola+orange juice (treatment D) over a sedentary 24-h period across four weeks of testing. Volumes of fluid were split evenly between beverages within each treatment, and when accounting for food moisture content and metabolic water production, total fluid intake from all sources was equal to 35 ± 1 ml/kg body mass. Urine was collected over the 24-h intervention period and analyzed for osmolality (Uosm), volume (Uvol) and specific gravity (USG). Serum osmolality (Sosm) and total body water (TBW) via bioelectrical impedance were measured after the 24-h intervention., Results: 24-h hydration status was not different between treatments A, B, C, and D when assessed via Uosm (590 ± 179; 616 ± 242; 559 ± 196; 633 ± 222 mOsm/kg, respectively) and Uvol (1549 ± 594; 1443 ± 576; 1690 ± 668; 1440 ± 566 ml) (all p > 0.05). A -difference in 24-h USG was observed between treatments A vs. D (1.016 ± 0.005 vs. 1.018 ± 0.007; p = 0.049). There were no differences between treatments at the end of the 24-h with regard to Sosm (291 ± 4; 293 ± 5; 292 ± 5; 293 ± 5 mOsm/kg, respectively) and TBW (43.9 ± 5.9; 43.8 ± 6.0; 43.7 ± 6.1; 43.8 ± 6.0 kg) (all p > 0.05)., Conclusions: Regardless of the beverage combination consumed, there were no differences in providing adequate hydration over a 24-h period in free-living, healthy adult males. This confirms that beverages of varying composition are equally effective in hydrating the body.
- Published
- 2015
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25. Humor and Laughter May Influence Health IV. Humor and Immune Function.
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Bennett MP and Lengacher C
- Abstract
This is the final article in a four part series reviewing the influence of humor and laughter on physiological and psychological well-being. This final article reviews the evidence for the effect of sense of humor, exposure to a humor stimulus and laughter on various immune system components, with a focus on the effects of laughter on natural killer cell cytotoxicity.
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- 2009
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26. Regulation of membrane proteins by dietary lipids: effects of cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid acyl chain-containing phospholipids on rhodopsin stability and function.
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Bennett MP and Mitchell DC
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- Acylation, Computer Simulation, Dietary Fats, Protein Folding, Cholesterol chemistry, Docosahexaenoic Acids chemistry, Fats chemistry, Membrane Proteins chemistry, Models, Chemical, Phospholipids chemistry, Rhodopsin chemistry
- Abstract
Purified bovine rhodopsin was reconstituted into vesicles consisting of 1-stearoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine or 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl phosphatidylcholine with and without 30 mol % cholesterol. Rhodopsin stability was examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The thermal unfolding transition temperature (T(m)) of rhodopsin was scan rate-dependent, demonstrating the presence of a rate-limited component of denaturation. The activation energy of this kinetically controlled process (E(a)) was determined from DSC thermograms by four separate methods. Both T(m) and E(a) varied with bilayer composition. Cholesterol increased the T(m) both the presence and absence of docosahexaenoic acid acyl chains (DHA). In contrast, cholesterol lowered E(a) in the absence of DHA, but raised E(a) in the presence of 20 mol % DHA-containing phospholipid. The relative acyl chain packing order was determined from measurements of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence anisotropy decay. The T(m) for thermal unfolding was inversely related to acyl chain packing order. Rhodopsin kinetic stability (E(a)) was reduced in highly ordered or disordered membranes. Maximal kinetic stability was found within the range of acyl chain order found in native bovine rod outer segment disk membranes. The results demonstrate that membrane composition has distinct effects on the thermal versus kinetic stabilities of membrane proteins, and suggests that a balance between membrane constituents with opposite effects on acyl chain packing, such as DHA and cholesterol, may be required for maximum protein stability.
- Published
- 2008
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27. Humor and Laughter May Influence Health: III. Laughter and Health Outcomes.
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Bennett MP and Lengacher C
- Abstract
This is part three of a four-part series reviewing the evidence on how humor influences physiological and psychological well-being. The first article included basic background information, definitions and a review of the theoretical underpinnings for this area of research. The second article discussed use of humor as a complementary therapy within various clinical samples, as well as evidence concerning how a sense of humor influences physiological and psychological wellbeing. This third article examines how laughter influences health outcomes; including muscle tension, cardio-respiratory functioning and various stress physiology measures.
- Published
- 2008
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28. Immune responses to guided imagery during breast cancer treatment.
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Lengacher CA, Bennett MP, Gonzalez L, Gilvary D, Cox CE, Cantor A, Jacobsen PB, Yang C, and Djeu J
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms psychology, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Female, Humans, Interleukin-2 immunology, Killer Cells, Natural immunology, Middle Aged, Breast Neoplasms immunology, Imagery, Psychotherapy
- Abstract
Background: The use of relaxation and guided imagery to reduce stress and improve immune function has great potential benefits for patients with breast cancer., Methods: This pilot study used a pretest-posttest experimental design with 28 breast cancer patients, aged 25 to 75 years, with the diagnosis of stage 0, 1, or 2 breast cancer. The experimental group received a relaxation and guided imagery intervention and the control group received standard care. The effects of the intervention on immune function were measured by natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and IL-2-activated NK cell activity prior to surgery and 4 weeks postsurgery. NK cell activity was measured using a 15-hr incubation chromium release assay. Cytotoxicity of NK cells was measured against chromium-labeled K-562 target cells. IL-2 was used to enhance reactivity of NK cells against tumor cells. After incubation for 15 hr, cytotoxicity was measured through the release of radioactive chromium., Results: Significant differences between groups were found at 4 weeks postsurgery. T-tests showed increased NK cell cytotoxicity for the intervention group at 100:1, 50:1, and 25:1 effector cell: target cell ratios (E:T) (p < .01 to p < .05) and increased activation for IL-2 at 100:1, 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 (E:T) (p < .01 to p < .05) for the intervention group as compared to the control group., Discussion: These findings suggest that a relaxation intervention such as guided imagery could have an effect on NK cell cytotoxicity and NK cell cytotoxicity after activation with IL-2 in patients undergoing surgery for breast cancer.
- Published
- 2008
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29. Humor and Laughter May Influence Health: II. Complementary Therapies and Humor in a Clinical Population.
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Bennett MP and Lengacher C
- Abstract
Our results support a connection between sense of humor and self-reported physical health, however, it is difficult to determine the relationship to any specific disease process. Whereas relationships between sense of humor and self-reported measures of physical well-being appear to be supported, more research is required to determine interrelationships between sense of humor and well-being.
- Published
- 2006
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30. Humor and laughter may influence health. I. History and background.
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Bennett MP and Lengacher CA
- Abstract
Articles in both the lay and professional literature have extolled the virtues of humor, many giving the impression that the health benefits of humor are well documented by the scientific and medical community. The concept that humor or laughter can be therapeutic goes back to biblical times and this belief has received varying levels of support from the scientific community at different points in its history. Current research indicates that using humor is well accepted by the public and is frequently used as a coping mechanism. However, the scientific evidence of the benefits of using humor on various health related outcomes still leaves many questions unanswered.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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31. Relief of symptoms, side effects, and psychological distress through use of complementary and alternative medicine in women with breast cancer.
- Author
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Lengacher CA, Bennett MP, Kip KE, Gonzalez L, Jacobsen P, and Cox CE
- Subjects
- Breast Neoplasms psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Breast Neoplasms complications, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Complementary Therapies statistics & numerical data, Stress, Psychological etiology
- Abstract
Purpose/objectives: To identify use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for relief of symptoms and side effects among women diagnosed with breast cancer and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with the use of CAM in these patients., Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey., Setting: Clinics and community groups in the Tampa Bay area and community groups in a rural midwestern area., Sample: A convenience sample of 105 predominantly Caucasian women (mean age = 59 years) with a diagnosis of breast cancer was recruited from the Tampa Bay area and a rural midwestern area., Methods: The instrument used to gather the data was the Use of Complementary Therapies Survey. The reasons for choosing 33 individual CAM treatments were tabulated. The frequency of use was calculated according to four reasons: (a) to reduce physical symptoms or side effects, (b) to reduce psychological distress, (c) to gain a feeling of control over treatment, or (d) because of dissatisfaction with traditional medical care. Least-squares regression models were fit to identify independent demographic and clinical predictors of CAM therapy use., Main Research Variables: Use of CAM for relief of physical and psychological distress., Findings: Patients used all categories of CAM therapies to reduce physical symptoms and side effects. The most frequently cited reason for use of CAM was to reduce the symptom of psychological distress, whereas the lowest frequency of CAM use was because of dissatisfaction with traditional medical care. Traditional and ethnic medicines frequently were used to reduce physical symptoms and side effects, followed by diet and nutritional supplements. The most frequently used CAM therapy category cited for gaining a feeling of control over treatment was use of diet and nutritional supplements. Previous chemotherapy and having more than a high school education were associated with more frequent use of diet and nutritional supplements and stress-reducing techniques., Conclusions: Frequency of specific use according to type of CAM was higher and more specific than reported in other studies. Patients who had undergone chemotherapy were most likely to use CAM., Implications for Nursing: Oncology nurses are in a key position to identify which symptoms or side effects patients are experiencing and which CAM therapies may be helpful to relieve patients' symptoms related to treatment and psychological distress related to their cancer.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
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32. TP0453, a concealed outer membrane protein of Treponema pallidum, enhances membrane permeability.
- Author
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Hazlett KR, Cox DL, Decaffmeyer M, Bennett MP, Desrosiers DC, La Vake CJ, La Vake ME, Bourell KW, Robinson EJ, Brasseur R, and Radolf JD
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- Antigens, Surface physiology, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins physiology, Cell Membrane Permeability physiology, Treponema pallidum chemistry
- Abstract
The outer membrane of Treponema pallidum, the non-cultivable agent of venereal syphilis, contains a paucity of protein(s) which has yet to be definitively identified. In contrast, the outer membranes of gram-negative bacteria contain abundant immunogenic membrane-spanning beta-barrel proteins mainly involved in nutrient transport. The absence of orthologs of gram-negative porins and outer membrane nutrient-specific transporters in the T. pallidum genome predicts that nutrient transport across the outer membrane must differ fundamentally in T. pallidum and gram-negative bacteria. Here we describe a T. pallidum outer membrane protein (TP0453) that, in contrast to all integral outer membrane proteins of known structure, lacks extensive beta-sheet structure and does not traverse the outer membrane to become surface exposed. TP0453 is a lipoprotein with an amphiphilic polypeptide containing multiple membrane-inserting, amphipathic alpha-helices. Insertion of the recombinant, non-lipidated protein into artificial membranes results in bilayer destabilization and enhanced permeability. Our findings lead us to hypothesize that TP0453 is a novel type of bacterial outer membrane protein which may render the T. pallidum outer membrane permeable to nutrients while remaining inaccessible to antibody.
- Published
- 2005
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33. Design and testing of the use of a complementary and alternative therapies survey in women with breast cancer.
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Lengacher CA, Bennett MP, Kipp KE, Berarducci A, and Cox CE
- Subjects
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Nurse's Role, Patient Education as Topic, Patient Satisfaction, Pilot Projects, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Women's Health, Breast Neoplasms nursing, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Complementary Therapies statistics & numerical data, Health Care Surveys methods, Nursing Evaluation Research methods, Oncology Nursing methods, Research Design
- Abstract
Purpose/objectives: To design and test a reliable and valid instrument to determine the frequency of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies among women diagnosed with breast cancer., Design: A descriptive cross-sectional survey., Setting: Women were recruited from the southeastern area and a rural midwestern area of the United States., Sample: 105 predominantly Caucasian women (mean= 59 years of age) with a diagnosis of breast cancer., Methods: The Use of Complementary and Alternative Therapies Survey was designed with a content validity index, and reliability was determined with the coefficient alpha. Exploratory factor analysis using a principal components analysis identified primary components (factors) embedded within the survey. Frequency of CAM therapy use was calculated for 33 individual therapies listed on the survey and among three survey-defined subscales of CAM therapies (i.e., diet and nutritional supplements, stress-reducing techniques, and traditional and ethnic medicines)., Main Research Variables: Psychometric properties of an instrument to assess frequency of use of CAM among women with breast cancer., Findings: The reported prevalence of use of the individual CAM therapies varied considerably. The coefficient alpha estimate for the total survey was 0.86. Estimates for the individual hypothesized subscales were 0.67 for diet and nutritional supplements, 0.79 for stress-reducing techniques, and 0.80 for traditional and ethnic medicines. The principal components analysis resulted in a two-factor solution with nine items that loaded heavily and uniquely on a factor conceptualized as stress and anxiety reduction and six items that loaded heavily and uniquely on a factor conceptualized as dietary and physical manipulation. The remaining five items (vitamins and minerals, prayer and spiritual healing, massage, reflexology, and aromatherapy) indicated moderate loadings on factors one and two and, thus, were interpreted as equivocal items., Conclusions: Preliminary data indicated that the instrument is reliable and valid. Additional work is needed to improve the range of items and to test the instrument with other populations., Implications for Nursing: Use of CAM by women with breast cancer is believed to be increasing. However, limited data exist on the frequency and predictors of its use in this patient population; therefore, reliable and valid instruments are needed to determine use. If nurses can determine which CAM therapies women are employing, nurses can educate patients with breast cancer on the safe use of these therapies.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
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34. Frequency of use of complementary and alternative medicine in women with breast cancer.
- Author
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Lengacher CA, Bennett MP, Kip KE, Keller R, LaVance MS, Smith LS, and Cox CE
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Breast Neoplasms diet therapy, Breast Neoplasms nursing, Complementary Therapies nursing, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Supplements statistics & numerical data, Education, Faith Healing methods, Faith Healing statistics & numerical data, Female, Health Care Surveys methods, Health Care Surveys statistics & numerical data, Humans, Laughter Therapy methods, Laughter Therapy statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Patient Satisfaction statistics & numerical data, Predictive Value of Tests, Residence Characteristics statistics & numerical data, Self-Help Groups statistics & numerical data, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress, Psychological therapy, Breast Neoplasms therapy, Complementary Therapies methods, Complementary Therapies statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Purpose/objectives: To estimate the frequency of use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies among women diagnosed with breast cancer and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with CAM use in these patients., Design: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey., Sample: A convenience sample of 105 predominantly Caucasian women (mean age = 59 years) with a diagnosis of breast cancer was recruited from the Tampa Bay area and a rural midwestern area., Methods: Utilizing the "Use of Complementary Therapies Survey," frequency of CAM use was calculated for 33 individual therapies listed on the survey and among three survey-defined subscales of CAM therapies (i.e., diet and nutritional supplements, stress-reducing techniques, and traditional and ethnic medicines)., Main Research Variables: Use of CAM therapies and types of treatment in women with breast cancer., Findings: Among diet and nutritional supplements, 64% of all participants reported regular use of vitamins and minerals and 33% regularly used antioxidants, herbs, and health foods. Among stress-reducing techniques, 49% of all participants regularly used prayer and spiritual healing, followed by support groups (37%) and humor or laughter therapy (21%). Traditional and ethnic medicine therapies rarely were used with the exception of massage, which 27% of all participants used at least once after diagnosis. More frequent CAM use was observed among study participants who had undergone previous chemotherapy treatment and those with more than a high school education. Also, being less satisfied with their primary physician was associated with patients' more frequent CAM use., Conclusions: CAM use is increasing among women with breast cancer, and frequency of specific use according to type of CAM is higher than what has been reported in other studies. Use increased in patients who had undergone chemotherapy and in those with a high school education., Implications for Nursing: Oncology nurses are in a key position to identify what treatments patients are using and implement CAM therapies that can be helpful to relieve patient symptoms related to treatment and psychological distress.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Tumbu fly (Cordylobia anthropophaga) myiasis in a quarantined dog in England.
- Author
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Fox MT, Jacobs DE, Hall MJ, and Bennett MP
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, England, Larva, Male, Myiasis parasitology, Diptera, Dog Diseases parasitology, Myiasis veterinary
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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