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1. Photosynthetic light requirement near the theoretical minimum detected in Arctic microalgae

Author: Clara J. M. Hoppe, Niels Fuchs, Dirk Notz, Philip Anderson, Philipp Assmy, Jørgen Berge, Gunnar Bratbak, Gaël Guillou, Alexandra Kraberg, Aud Larsen, Benoit Lebreton, Eva Leu, Magnus Lucassen, Oliver Müller, Laurent Oziel, Björn Rost, Bernhard Schartmüller, Anders Torstensson, and Jonas Wloka
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Photosynthesis is one of the most important biological processes on Earth, providing the main source of bioavailable energy, carbon, and oxygen via the use of sunlight. Despite this importance, the minimum light level sustaining photosynthesis and net growth of primary producers in the global ocean is still unknown. Here, we present measurements from the MOSAiC field campaign in the central Arctic Ocean that reveal the resumption of photosynthetic growth and algal biomass buildup under the ice pack at a daily average irradiance of not more than 0.04 ± 0.02 µmol photons m−2 s−1 in late March. This is at least one order of magnitude lower than previous estimates (0.3–5 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and near the theoretical minimum light requirement of photosynthesis (0.01 µmol photons m−2 s−1). Our findings are based on measurements of the temporal development of the under-ice light field and concurrent measurements of both chlorophyll a concentrations and potential net primary production underneath the sea ice at 86 °N. Such low light requirements suggest that euphotic zones where photosynthesis can occur in the world’s oceans may extend further in depth and time, with major implications for global productivity estimates.
Published: 2024
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2. DNA metabarcoding reveals a diverse, omnivorous diet of Arctic amphipods during the polar night, with jellyfish and fish as major prey

Author: Annkathrin Dischereit, Jan Beermann, Benoit Lebreton, Owen S. Wangensteen, Stefan Neuhaus, and Charlotte Havermans
Subjects: Gammarus, Anonyx, Orchomenella, Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic ocean, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: IntroductionCurrently, Arctic marine ecosystems are witnessing the most rapid physical changes worldwide, leading to shifts in pelagic and benthic communities and food web structure, concomitant with the introduction of boreal species. Gelatinous zooplankton or jellyfish represent one particular group of which several boreal species are prone to undergo significant poleward range expansions and population increases in the Arctic in the course of the ongoing changes. Historically, jellyfish were considered a trophic dead-end, but an increasing number of studies using modern tools have highlighted their role as major prey items in marine food webs. In this study, we aimed to verify the role of jellyfish and other metazoans as food sources in the Arctic polar night food web, when pelagic resources are limited.MethodsWe identified the diet of different bentho-pelagic amphipod species in the Atlantifying Kongsfjorden (West Svalbard) during the polar night. We regularly sampled lysianassoid and gammarid amphipods using baited traps and hand nets over a period of one month during the polar night and identified their diet spectrum by applying DNA metabarcoding (COI) to their stomach contents.ResultsWe demonstrate that all investigated species are omnivorous. Fish species including polar cod and snailfish, likely in the shape of carrion, played an important role in the diet of the scavengers Orchomenella minuta and Anonyx sarsi. Predation and potential scavenging on jellyfish contributed to the diet of all four investigated species, particularly for the species Gammarus setosus and G. oceanicus, as evidenced by high read abundances and high frequencies of occurrence. Besides jellyfish, crustaceans and macroalgae were important components of the diet of the two Gammarus species.DiscussionThe diverse jellyfish community present in Kongsfjorden in the polar night is clearly being utilized as a food source, either through pelagic feeding or feeding on jelly-falls, albeit to a different extent in the local amphipod community. These findings provide novel insights into the Arctic food web during the polar night and represent the first evidence of feeding on natural (non-experimental) jelly-falls.
Published: 2024
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3. Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT

Author: Elsa Breton, Nicolas Savoye, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Benoit Sautour, Eric Goberville, Arnaud Lheureux, Thierry Cariou, Sophie Ferreira, Hélène Agogué, Samir Alliouane, Fabien Aubert, Sébastien Aubin, Eric Berthebaud, Hadrien Blayac, Lucie Blondel, Cédric Boulart, Yann Bozec, Sarah Bureau, Arnaud Caillo, Arnaud Cauvin, Jean-Baptiste Cazes, Léo Chasselin, Pascal Claquin, Pascal Conan, Marie-Ange Cordier, Laurence Costes, Romain Crec’hriou, Olivier Crispi, Muriel Crouvoisier, Valérie David, Yolanda Del Amo, Hortense De Lary, Gaspard Delebecq, Jeremy Devesa, Aurélien Domeau, Maria Durozier, Claire Emery, Eric Feunteun, Juliette Fauchot, Valérie Gentilhomme, Sandrine Geslin, Mélanie Giraud, Karine Grangeré, Gerald Grégori, Emilie Grossteffan, Aurore Gueux, Julien Guillaudeau, Gael Guillou, Manon Harrewyn, Orianne Jolly, Florence Jude-Lemeilleur, Paul Labatut, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Lachaussée, Michel Lafont, Veronique Lagadec, Christophe Lambert, Jezebel Lamoureux, Laurent Lanceleur, Benoit Lebreton, Eric Lecuyer, David Lemeille, Yann Leredde, Cédric Leroux, Aude Leynaert, Stéphane L’Helguen, Camilla Liénart, Eric Macé, Eric Maria, Barbara Marie, Dominique Marie, Sébastien Mas, Fabrice Mendes, Line Mornet, Behzad Mostajir, Laure Mousseau, Antoine Nowaczyk, Sandra Nunige, René Parra, Thomas Paulin, David Pecqueur, Franck Petit, Philippe Pineau, Patrick Raimbault, Fabienne Rigaut-Jalabert, Christophe Salmeron, Ian Salter, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Laurent Seuront, Emmanuelle Sultan, Rémi Valdès, Vincent Vantrepotte, Francesca Vidussi, Florian Voron, Renaud Vuillemin, Laurent. Zudaire, and Nicole Garcia
Subjects: environmental monitoring network, data quality control, inter-laboratory comparison exercises, measurement uncertainty, analyst performance, multivariate dataset, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (
Published: 2023
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4. Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Pauline Fey, Valeriano Parravicini, Daniela Bănaru, Jan Dierking, René Galzin, Benoit Lebreton, Tarik Meziane, Nicholas V. C. Polunin, Mayalen Zubia, and Yves Letourneur
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract We studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75% vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75% vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ15N values for all trophic compartments, likely due to local dynamics in the nitrogen stock, trophic levels of consumers were similar to those of other coral reef ecosystems. These findings shed light on the functioning of low coral cover systems, which are expected to expand worldwide under global change.
Published: 2021
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5. Oyster growth across a salinity gradient in a shallow, subtropical Gulf of Mexico estuary

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Brittany Blomberg, Terence A. Palmer, Paul A. Montagna, and Michael Nevels
Subjects: Crassostrea virginica, Gulf of Mexico, salinity, chlorophyll a, oyster farming, Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract: An increase in oyster aquaculture as a sustainable method of shellfish production is one response to overharvest and degradation of natural oyster reefs over the past century. Successful aquaculture production requires determining the environmental conditions optimal for oyster growth. In this study, the salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a concentration and the growth of Crassostrea virginica were monitored at four locations within the Mission-Aransas Estuary, Texas (USA), a shallow subtropical estuary influenced by relatively low freshwater inflow. Mean growth of the oyster shell (0.205 mm d–1 and 0.203 g d–1) and soft tissues (3.447 mg d–1) was highest when salinity was low (mean = 15.5) and chlorophyll a concentration was high (8.4 μg l–1). Oyster growth also varied temporally with periods of spawning. In low-inflow estuaries such as the Mission-Aransas Estuary, oyster farms should be sited close to river mouths so that oysters can benefit from freshwater inflows and lower salinities.
Published: 2021
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6. Author Correction: Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Pauline Fey, Valeriano Parravicini, Daniela Bănaru, Jan Dierking, René Galzin, Benoit Lebreton, Tarik Meziane, Nicholas V. C. Polunin, Mayalen Zubia, and Yves Letourneur
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Published: 2021
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7. Freshwater inflow and responses from estuaries across a climatic gradient: An assessment of northwestern Gulf of Mexico estuaries based on stable isotopes

Author: Danielle A. Marshall, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Blair Sterba-Boatwright, Gaël Guillou, Benoit Lebreton, Megan K. La Peyre, Terence A. Palmer, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University (LSU), U.S. Geological Survey, Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, Freshwater inflow, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Climatic gradient, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

8. Ecological structure and function in a restored versus natural salt marsh.

Author: Ryan J Rezek, Benoit Lebreton, Blair Sterba-Boatwright, and Jennifer Beseres Pollack
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Habitat reconstruction is commonly employed to restore degraded estuarine habitats and lost ecological functions. In this study, we use a combination of stable isotope analyses and macrofauna community analysis to compare the ecological structure and function between a recently constructed Spartina alterniflora salt marsh and a natural reference habitat over a 2-year period. The restored marsh was successful in providing habitat for economically and ecologically important macrofauna taxa; supporting similar or greater density, biomass, and species richness to the natural reference during all but one sampling period. Stable isotope analyses revealed that communities from the natural and the restored marshes relied on a similar diversity of food resources and that decapods had similar trophic levels. However, some generalist consumers (Palaemonetes spp. and Penaeus aztecus) were more 13C-enriched in the natural marsh, indicating a greater use of macrophyte derived organic matter relative to restored marsh counterparts. This difference was attributed to the higher quantities of macrophyte detritus and organic carbon in natural marsh sediments. Reduced marsh flooding frequency was associated with a reduction in macrofaunal biomass and decapod trophic levels. The restored marsh edge occurred at lower elevations than natural marsh edge, apparently due to reduced fetch and wind-wave exposure provided by the protective berm structures. The lower elevation of the restored marsh edge mitigated negative impacts in sampling periods with low tidal elevations that affected the natural marsh. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering sediment characteristics and elevation in salt marsh constructions.
Published: 2017
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9. Seasonal Variation of Harbor Seal's Diet from the Wadden Sea in Relation to Prey Availability.

Author: Camille de la Vega, Benoit Lebreton, Ursula Siebert, Gael Guillou, Krishna Das, Ragnhild Asmus, and Harald Asmus
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: The Wadden Sea has an important role for marine mammals in terms of resting, nursing and foraging. Harbor seal is the most abundant marine mammal species in this area. The use of the food resources of the Wadden Sea by seals is not clear, and previous studies showed that this species can travel kilometers away from their haul-outs to forage in the North Sea. In this study, we analyzed the stable isotopes of vibrissae from 23 dead harbor seals found on the island of Sylt to investigate their diet. The predator´s carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were compared to the compositions of different potential prey items from the Sylt-Rømø Bight and from the North Sea in order to study seasonal pattern in the diet and in the foraging location. In parallel, seasonal variation of abundance and biomass of the potential prey items from the Sylt-Rømø Bight were studied and compare to their contribution to the seal´s diet. The results revealed a change in the seal´s diet from pelagic sources in spring to a benthic based diet in summer, and an increasing use of the North Sea resources in fall and winter in accordance with the seasonal variation of the availability of prey in the Sylt-Rømø Bight.
Published: 2016
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10. Projet Seine-Aval 6 PHARESEE « Productivité microphytobenthique des HAbitats intertidaux en lien avec la dynamique sédimentaire, biogéochimique et les ingénieurs d'écosystème de la faune benthique : implication pour des enjeux de modélisation et de REhabilitation des vasières de la SEine Estuarienne »

Author: Francis Orvain, Arnaud Huguet, Jérôme Morelle, Bénédicte Thouvenin, Edith Parlanti, Olivier Maire, Anaïs Richard, Christiane Rakotomalala, Raphael Savelli, Benoit Lebreton, Anniet Laverman, Céline Roose-Amsaleg, Valérie Mesnage, Julien Deloffre, Nicolas lecoq, Vincent Lefouest, Christine Dupuy, Florent Grasso, Luuk van den Heijden, Eric Viollier, Matthieu Sebilo, Katell Guizien, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Normandie Université (NU), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique hydrodynamique et sédimentaire (PHYSED), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASTRIUM, EADS - European Aeronautic Defense and Space, Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Médecine (UGA UFRM), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de neurologie [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), CIC AP-HP (pitie-Salpetriere)/inserm, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Kenta Biotech Ltd, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIP Seine-Aval, Orvain, Francis, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Published: 2022

11. Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Nicholas Polunin, Pauline Fey, Jan Dierking, Daniela Bănaru, Yves Letourneur, Mayalen Zubia, Tarik Meziane, Valeriano Parravicini, Benoit Lebreton, R. Galzin, Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Natural and Environmental Sciences ( Newcastle University), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), CRIOBE, PSL Research University, USR 3278 EPHE-CNRS-UPVD, LabEx « Corail », Université de Perpignan, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UMR EIO (UPF-IRD-ILM-IFREMER), Université de La Polynésie Française
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Article, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Isotope analysis, Trophic level, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coral reef, 15. Life on land, Food web, Ocean sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Environmental science, Medicine, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: We studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75% vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75% vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ15N values for all trophic compartments, likely due to local dynamics in the nitrogen stock, trophic levels of consumers were similar to those of other coral reef ecosystems. These findings shed light on the functioning of low coral cover systems, which are expected to expand worldwide under global change.
Published: 2021

12. Food sources of macrozoobenthos in an Arctic kelp belt: trophic relationships revealed by stable isotope and fatty acid analyses

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Ragnhild Asmus, Martin Graeve, Harald Asmus, Martin Paar, Michael Greenacre, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departament d'Economia i Empresa [Barcelona], and Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Kelp, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Macroalgae, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Polar coastal ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, chemistry.chemical_classification, Detritus, Ecology, biology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty acid, Food web, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Arctic, Trophic markers, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Macrofauna
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

13. From ecological relevance of the ecosystem services concept to its socio-political use. The case study of intertidal bare mudflats in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France

Author: Laurent Picot, Laurent Barillé, Johann Lavaud, Audrey Rivaud, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Thierry Sauzeau, Benoit Lebreton, Benoît Prévost, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur l'Intégration Economique et Financière (CRIEF), Université de Poitiers, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaires en Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Musicologie (CRIHAM), Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Poitiers, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Intertidal bare mudflats, Economic valuation, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Coastal ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Socio-political use, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Valuation (finance), Contingent valuation, Commodification, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, Habitat, Benthic zone, Agriculture, business
Abstract: Assessments based on monetary valuation of ecosystem services have been increasingly used as a tool to highlight the connection between ecosystems and society. The dissemination of this approach is leading to difficulties and ambiguities related to the use of such assessments in the socio-political realm. Such limits can be stressed using the case study of intertidal bare mudflats. These coastal habitats indeed provide many ecological functions—several being related to the high production of benthic microalgae—but also remain poorly known for some other aspects. The major users of these habitats (i.e. oyster farmers) are still unaware about the trophic role of benthic microalgae, limiting contingent valuation survey methods. Moreover, economic valuation cannot take into account the potentials of mudflats (i.e. undescribed functions) like positive feedbacks related to shellfish farming and provision of bioactive compounds. The lack of physical boundaries in marine systems also strongly reduces the effectiveness of assessments. Lastly, there are concerns that monetary valuation can lead to a commodification of the nature or to the economization of the environment (e.g. appropriation of the environment by users, creation of artificial thresholds). The evaluation of the functions of a socio-ecosystem should not only be restricted to a monetary assessment of its ecosystem services, as this framework may be more reductive than integrative. Some other descriptors—not based on currencies—should be used for ecosystem description.
Published: 2019

14. Trophic niche partitioning in marine wood-borers revealed by stable isotope analysis

Author: Pascal Riera, François Charles, Benoit Lebreton, François Lantoine, Stéphane Hourdez, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Hélène Agogué, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et Biologie des Invertébrés en Conditions Extrêmes (ABICE), CNRS, Sorbonne Université, La Rochelle Université, EC2CO, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'école normale supérieure (LIENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, QH301-705.5, Foraging, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Trophic ecology, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, Biology (General), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Stable isotopes, 030304 developmental biology, Trophic level, Isotope analysis, Ecological niche, 0303 health sciences, Co-occurring marine wood-eaters, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Niche differentiation, QR1-502, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, In situ experiment, Habitat, Guild, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: Marine wood-borers often live in sympatry, sharing deadwood scattered at sea, both as food and habitat. In this study, carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were determined to test the hypothesis that the trophic niches of Chelura terebrans, Limnoria quadripunctata, and Nototeredo norvagica obtained from softwood boards maintained in running, unfiltered seawater are different. Comparison of isotope compositions supports niche partitioning, with N. norvagica foraging primarily on wood, and crustaceans foraging on decaying wood. Needs and acquisition routes for nitrogen determine the trophic behavior of the species. Results presented here are valuable for assessing the impact of wood-boring species on each other, but also for evaluating the effect of the separation of carbon and nitrogen sources on the diversity of the interactions between co-existing species belonging to the same trophic guild.
Published: 2019

15. Sources partitioning in the diet of the shipworm Bankia carinata (J.E. Gray, 1827): An experimental study based on stable isotopes

Author: Fabien Aubert, Pascal Riera, Benoit Lebreton, François Charles, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, François Lantoine, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, animal structures, Shipworms, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Alder, Trophic ecology, Nitrogen Fixation, Botany, Mediterranean Sea, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Carbon Isotopes, Bacteria, Nitrogen Isotopes, biology, δ13C, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, δ15N, biology.organism_classification, Stable isotope, Pollution, Nitrogen, Bivalvia, Diet, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, In situ experiment, Alnus glutinosa, chemistry, Nitrogen fixation, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Teredinidae
Abstract: International audience; Adaptations that allow teredinids to maintain and thrive on wood, a nutritionally unbalanced food, make these marine bivalves remarkable. Capable of filter-feeding, shipworms house endosymbiotic bacteria synthesizing cellulolytic enzymes for digestion of wood carbohydrates and providing nitrogen to their host through nitrogen fixation. To what extent each of these nutrition modes contributes to the shipworm's metabolism remains an open question. In this experimental study, we estimated source partitioning through the determination of δ13C and δ15N values in original biological samples. For this purpose, pieces of common alder (Alnus glutinosa) were immersed at a coastal station of the north-western Mediterranean Sea. The shipworm Bankia carinata infected wood logs and stable isotope mixing models suggested it got most of the carbon and nitrogen it needs from separate sources. From 71 to 77% of the carbon was derived from the digestion of wood carbohydrates, whereas between 42 and 82% of the nitrogen originated from N2 fixation. These first semi-quantitative estimations suggest that the contribution of N2 fixers to nitrogen requirements of this shipworm species is far from incidental.
Published: 2018

16. First overview on trophic relationships of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Berre Lagoon, France): benthic–pelagic coupling evidenced by carbon and nitrogen stable isotope composition

Author: Gaël Guillou, Benoit Lebreton, Bruno Belloni, Daniela Bănaru, Loic Guilloux, Guillaume Marchessaux, Mélanie Ourgaud, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Delphine Thibault, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Pelagic ctenophores and cnidarians, Predation, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecology, biology, Mnemiopsis, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Mediterranean lagoon, Pelagic zone, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, C and N isotope composition, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; The ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi, ranking among the 100 most damaging bioinvaders in the world, is a major predator of zooplankton, known to alter the biodiversity and functioning of the ecosystems in which it has been introduced. This first survey on the trophic relationships of M. leidyi in a Mediterranean lagoon (Berre, South of France) was performed through stable isotope analyses. Carbon and nitrogen isotope composition was used (1) to determine the types of prey ingested by this ctenophore and (2) the influence of individual size on its isotope composition, and (3) to make assumptions to explore its trophic relationships with the native jellyfish Aurelia sp.. The two gelatinous species ingested mainly (79% to 97% of the diet) planktonic prey (copepods, cirriped nauplii, gastropod larvae and cladocerans), but also preyed upon benthic organisms (mainly harpacticoid copepods and the amphipod Monocorophium insidiosum) in lower proportions (2.5% to 21%). Size-related changes in M. leidyi diet were evidenced with an increase in trophic level and benthic prey consumption in the larger individuals. These two gelatinous organisms probably play an important and underestimated role in the benthic–pelagic coupling in coastal lagoons by transferring benthic organic matter to the pelagic food webs.
Published: 2021

17. Author Correction: Multi-trophic markers illuminate the understanding of the functioning of a remote, low coral cover Marquesan coral reef food web

Author: Nicholas Polunin, Daniela Bănaru, Valeriano Parravicini, Mayalen Zubia, R. Galzin, Pauline Fey, Yves Letourneur, Jan Dierking, Benoit Lebreton, Tarik Meziane, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Food Chain, Hot Temperature, Science, Polynesia, Zooplankton, Animals, Herbivory, Author Correction, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Coral Reefs, Ecology, Fatty Acids, Fishes, Coral reef, Seaweed, Food web, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Isotope Labeling, Coral cover, Phytoplankton, Medicine
Abstract: We studied the food web structure and functioning of a coral reef ecosystem in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, characterized by low coral cover, high sea surface temperature and meso- to eutrophic waters. The Marquesas constitute a relevant ecosystem to understand the functioning of low diversity reefs that are also subject to global change. A multi-tracer assessment of organic matter pathways was run to delineate ecosystem functioning, using analysis of fatty acids, bulk and compound specific stable isotope analysis and stable isotopes mixing models. Macroalgae and phytoplankton were the two major food sources fueling this food web with, however, some marked seasonal variations. Specifically, zooplankton relied on phytoplankton-derived organic matter and herbivorous fishes on macroalgae-derived organic matter to a much higher extent in summer than in winter (~ 75% vs. ~ 15%, and ~ 70 to 75% vs. ~ 5 to 15%, respectively) . Despite remarkably high δ
Published: 2021

18. Importance of Serpulid Reef to the Functioning of a Hypersaline Estuary

Author: Natasha Breaux, Gaël Guillou, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Benoit Lebreton, Terence A. Palmer, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food web, Habitat destruction, Habitat, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, Bay, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Biogenic reefs provide important ecological functions and services to coastal and marine environments, supplying high levels of biodiversity, providing refuge and foraging habitat, and supporting fisheries. Serpulid reefs are a relatively uncommon habitat in coastal ecosystems globally that provide habitat for a diverse community of organisms, and have become a target for conservation and management efforts due to habitat degradation and loss. Baffin Bay, Texas, USA, is known for exceptionally productive commercial and recreational fisheries that are thought to be supported by Serpulid reef benthic macrofauna, particularly during regular periods of hypersalinity. This study compared the functioning of Serpulid reef habitats with nearby soft sediment areas using quantitative faunal and food web analyses. Serpulid reefs support a unique benthic macrofaunal community with 191 times greater abundance, 97 times greater biomass, and twice the number of species than in soft sediments. In contrast to soft-sediment macrofauna, Serpulid reef macrofaunal abundance and biomass were not correlated with any measured water quality variables. Isotope compositions of both suspension and deposit-feeding macrofauna from both habitats (i.e., Serpulid reefs and soft sediments) were close to organic matter from the sediment, demonstrating connectivity and the importance of primary production in the sediment to both habitat types. Abundant macrofauna inhabiting Serpulid reefs likely serve as an important food source for sport fish and other higher trophic-level fauna, particularly in hypersaline periods when soft-sediment macrobenthic food resources are scarce. Given the substantial loss of Baffin Bay’s Serpulid reef habitat compared to historic levels, conservation actions may be warranted to protect and restore Serpulid habitat and food resources. The results of this study can be used to increase the success of such efforts.
Published: 2021

19. Oyster growth across a salinity gradient in a shallow, subtropical Gulf of Mexico estuary

Author: Paul A. Montagna, Benoit Lebreton, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Terence A. Palmer, Brittany N. Blomberg, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, and Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Freshwater inflow, biology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, Oyster farming, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Salinity, Oceanography, Aquaculture, biology.animal, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crassostrea, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, business, Reef, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: An increase in oyster aquaculture as a sustainable method of shellfish production is one response to overharvest and degradation of natural oyster reefs over the past century. Successful aquaculture production requires determining the environmental conditions optimal for oyster growth. In this study, the salinity, temperature, chlorophyll a concentration and the growth of Crassostrea virginica were monitored at four locations within the Mission-Aransas Estuary, Texas (USA), a shallow subtropical estuary influenced by relatively low freshwater inflow. Mean growth of the oyster shell (0.205 mm d–1 and 0.203 g d–1) and soft tissues (3.447 mg d–1) was highest when salinity was low (mean = 15.5) and chlorophyll a concentration was high (8.4 μg l–1). Oyster growth also varied temporally with periods of spawning. In low-inflow estuaries such as the Mission-Aransas Estuary, oyster farms should be sited close to river mouths so that oysters can benefit from freshwater inflows and lower salinities.
Published: 2021

20. Quantitative food web modeling unravels the importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway for a high trophic transfer by meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal food webs

Author: Martin Graeve, Stephen R. Pacella, Nathalie Niquil, Blanche Saint-Béat, J. Rzeznik-Orignac, Matilda Haraldsson, Ragnhild Asmus, Harald Asmus, Benoit Lebreton, L.H. van der Heijden, AWI, Wattenmeerstation Sylt, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), United States Environmental Protection Agency [Cincinnati], Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Inverse problems, microphytobenthos, Intertidal habitats, Meiobenthos, food web model, Ecological network analysis, soft-bottom environment, trophic level, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystems, Article, feeding ecology, Ascendency, Ecosystem, Linear inverse models, Trophic level, linear inverse model, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, deposit feeder, Carbon flow networks, biology, Markov chains, food web, quantitative analysis, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Feeding, Detritivore, intertidal community, Monte Carlo methods, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Food web, Carbon, Ecological network, stable isotope mixing models, Markov chain Monte Carlo techniques, Sediment organic matters, Seagrass, Ecological process, meiofauna, trophic structure, Environmental science, Deposits, Trophic relationships, phytobenthos
Abstract: Publisher: Elsevier B.V.; International audience; Meiofauna are known to have an important role on many ecological processes, although, their role in food web dynamics is often poorly understood, partially as they have been an overlooked and under sampled organism group. Here, we used quantitative food web modeling to evaluate the trophic relationship between meiofauna and their food sources and how meiofauna can mediate the carbon flow to higher trophic levels in five contrasting soft-bottom intertidal habitats (including seagrass beds, mudflats and sandflats). Carbon flow networks were constructed using the linear inverse model-Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, with increased resolution of the meiofauna compartments (i.e. biomass and feeding ecology of the different trophic groups of meiofauna) compared to most previous modeling studies. These models highlighted that the flows between the highly productive microphytobenthos and the meiofauna compartments play an important role in transferring carbon to the higher trophic levels, typically more efficiently so than macrofauna. The pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna represented the largest flow in all habitats and resulted in high production of meiofauna independent of habitat. All trophic groups of meiofauna, except for selective deposit feeders, had a very high dependency on microphytobenthos. Selective deposit feeders relied instead on a wider range of food sources, with varying contributions of bacteria, microphytobenthos and sediment organic matter. Ecological network analyses (e.g. cycling, throughput and ascendency) of the modeled systems highlighted the close positive relationship between the food web efficiency and the assimilation of high-quality food sources by primary consumers, e.g. meiofauna and macrofauna. Large proportions of these flows can be attributed to trophic groups of meiofauna. The sensitivity of the network properties to the representation of meiofauna in the models leads to recommending a greater attention in ecological data monitoring and integrating meiofauna into food web models. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2020

21. Sources of organic matter in an atypical phytoplankton rich coral ecosystem, Marquesas Islands: composition and properties

Author: R. Galzin, Yves Letourneur, Mayalen Zubia, Pauline Fey, D. Bӑnaru, Tarik Meziane, Benoit Lebreton, Valeriano Parravicini, IRD NEW CALEDONIA NOUMEA NCL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Ifremer - Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: Marquesas Islands, 0106 biological sciences, Coral, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Coral ecosystem, Phytoplankton, Terrestrial plant, Ecosystem, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Fatty acids, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stable isotopes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, ved/biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Food web, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sources of organic matter, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The purpose of this work is to characterize several potential sources of organic matter (OM) in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, and to understand how these sources contribute to OM pools. Stable isotope (δ 13 C and δ 15 N) and fatty acid (FA) compositions of OM potential sources (algal turf, benthic macroalgae, detrital terrestrial plants (DTP), phytoplankton) and OM pools (sediment (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM)) were studied in coastal areas in Nuku Hiva Island. Isotope compositions of marine POM (δ 13 C = − 22.5 ± 0.8 ‰; δ 15 N = 12.1 ± 1.1 ‰) and SOM (δ 13 C = − 19.1 ± 0.9 ‰; δ 15 N = 14.4 ± 0.5 ‰) highlighted that OM sources at the base of the local food web had unusually high δ 15 N values. Potential FA markers of diatoms and/or cyanobacteria (20:5ω3 and 16:1ω7) were found in these two OM pools. In addition, coastal SOM also displayed FA markers of bacteria, macroalgae and terrestrial plants. For marine POM, potential macroalgae FA markers were recorded (18:2ω6 and 16:2ω4). The stable isotope mixing model highlighted the major contribution of phytoplankton to the coastal SOM (62%), followed by benthic macroalgae (32%), whereas marine POM was mainly composed of a mixture of algal turf and phytoplankton in similar averaged proportions (38%) but presenting wide variations. Our results as a whole strongly suggest that pelagic-benthic coupled processes drive the characteristics and properties of OM sources.
Published: 2020

22. Dietary composition of black drum Pogonias cromis in a hypersaline estuary reflects water quality and prey availability

Author: Matthew J. Ajemian, Benoit Lebreton, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Gregory W. Stunz, Kathryn S. Rubio, Terence A. Palmer, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], Florida Atlantic University [Boca Raton], Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, stable isotopes, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, salinity, Predatory fish, Water Quality, Animals, Black drum, Ecosystem, Biomass, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Carbon Isotopes, Gulf of Mexico, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Nitrogen Isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, black drum, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Gastrointestinal Contents, Diet, Perciformes, Fishery, macrofauna, Benthic zone, Baffin Bay (U.S.A.), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Water quality, food resources, Estuaries, Bay
Abstract: The Baffin Bay estuary is a hypersaline system in the Gulf of Mexico that supports an important recreational and commercial fishery for black drum Pogonias cromis, a benthic predator. Seasonal measurements of water quality variables, benthic macrofauna densities and biomass, and determination of P. cromis food sources using stomach-content and stable-isotope analyses were carried out to determine how P. cromis food sources change with water quality and how this may affect P. cromis diet. Gut-content analysis indicated P. cromis selectively consumed bivalves Mulinia lateralis and Anomalocardia auberiana. Isotope compositions demonstrated that P. cromis relied on these benthic food resources produced in the Baffin Bay estuary year-round. Biomass and densities of these bivalves were influenced by changes in water quality variables, particularly salinity and dissolved oxygen. Thus, this paper demonstrates the relationship between water quality variables, benthic macrofauna, and their use as food resources by a carnivorous fish species, and emphasizes the need for integrated assessments when studying the effects of water quality on ecosystem function. Holistic approaches such as these can provide important information for management and conservation of fishery resources and can improve predictions of ecosystem response to climate variability.
Published: 2018

23. The same but different: stable isotopes reveal two distinguishable, yet similar, neighbouring food chains in a coral reef

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Jean Blanchot, Baptiste Le Bourg, Daniela Bănaru, Gérard Mou-Tham, Yves Letourneur, Marc Pagano, Cristèle Chevalier, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: zooplankton, 0106 biological sciences, stable isotopes, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Food chain, reef teleosts, 14. Life underwater, particulate organic matter, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Trophic level, geography, Pacific Ocean, geography.geographical_feature_category, Particulate organic matter, Ecology, Chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Coral reef, Plankton, Oceanography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, barrier reef, Carbon
Abstract: Stable isotope compositions were studied in particulate organic matter (POM), zooplankton and different trophic groups of teleosts to compare food chains based on plankton at two sites (lagoon and outer slope) in a New Caledonian coral reef. For each trophic compartment, δ13C values were always lower in the outer slope than in the lagoon. This result may be explained by potential differences in POM composition between the two environments, suggesting that the two food chains are based on different primary sources of carbon. In contrast, δ15N values did not vary between the lagoon and the outer slope, indicating that these two food chains presented similar length and trophic levels, despite being distinguishable.
Published: 2017

24. Benthic trophic networks of the southern North Sea: contrasting soft-sediment communities share high food web similarity

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Hendrik Pehlke, Thomas Brey, Jan Steger, Jennifer Dannheim, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Trophic links, Food web structure, Amphiura filiformis community, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 14. Life underwater, Contrasting sediments, Amphiura filiformis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Isotope analysis, Stable isotopes, Ecology, biology, Consumer, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Detritivore, Bathyporeia−Tellina community, biology.organism_classification, Food web, Benthic zone, Guild, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: We examined whether taxonomically distinct benthic communities from contrasting sediments in the German Bight (southern North Sea) also differ in their trophic structure. As a case study, we compared the Amphiura filiformis community (AFC) of silty sands and the Bathyporeia− Tellina community (BTC) of fine sands using a combination of stable isotope analysis and data on trophic interactions. Differences between the food webs were evident in the feeding guild compo� sition of important primary consumers: deposit and interface feeders are the most diverse primary consumer guilds in the AFC, whereas suspension and interface feeders play a major role in the BTC, reflecting differences in physical properties and food availability at the sediment−water interface. While all primary consumer guilds had the same trophic level (TL) in the AFC, deposit feeders of the BTC occupied a trophic position intermediate between other primary and higher� order consumer guilds, likely explained by partially incomplete knowledge of their trophic eco - logy and selective feeding, including the ingestion of meiofauna. Most food web properties, how�ever, were similar between the AFC and BTC: they mainly depend on pelagic primary production, reach TL 4 and are characterized by a prevalence of generalist higher-order consumers. Further� more, both trophic networks had similar linkage densities and high directed connectance, the lat�ter feature suggesting considerable food web robustness. Our findings suggest that although com�munities in the German Bight differ in some aspects of their trophic structure, they share a similar food web topology, indicating a comparable degree of resilience towards natural and anthro�pogenic disturbances.
Published: 2019

25. Biomagnification of contaminants in a marine food web (NW Mediterranean Sea): speciation of arsenic and mercury toxic forms

Author: Daniela Bănaru, Marie Desgranges, Aurelie DUFOUR, Paco Bustamante, Carine Churlaud, Benoit Lebreton, Gael Guillou, Florence Pannier, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

26. Variation of isotope composition in kelps from Kongsfjorden (Svalbard)

Author: Inka Bartsch, Cornelia Buchholz, Christian Wiencke, Benoit Lebreton, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Alaria esculenta, Kelp, Aquatic Science, Saccharina latissima, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Svalbard, Macroalgae, Botany, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Detritus, Ecology, biology, δ13C, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food and beverages, δ15N, biology.organism_classification, Isotopes of carbon, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Isotope composition
Abstract: Kelp-derived detritus is a potential food item at the base level of marine food webs. A good knowledge of the factors that influence stable isotope composition in kelps is essential for reliable food web models. The variation of stable isotope signatures was analysed in three species of kelp in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Between 15 and 2.5 m depth, towards higher photon fluence rate, Alaria esculenta was gradually enriched in 13C while 15N did not change. The carbon/nitrogen ratio decreased with depth. 2- and 3-year-old kelp individuals had significantly higher δ15N values in their blades than 5- and 6-year-old ones. C/N ratio in blades remained statistically the same over the range of 2–6 years old plants. A two-way ANOVA did not show any interactive effects between depth and age group. A. esculenta as well as Saccharina latissima and Laminaria digitata exhibited enrichment in heavy carbon isotopes in the blades compared to the stipes, while within each species, δ15N values remained the same between blades and stipes. A more detailed analysis of kelp blades showed that independent of location in the fjord, year or season, and species, young tissue was more enriched in 13C than meristem and that decaying apical tissue was depleted relative to young tissue. The degree of this 13C depletion varied with kelp species. Meristem tissue appeared most uniform in the blades compared to young and decaying tissues and its δ13C signature was characteristic for each species with no significant difference in δ15N values. Decaying tissue showed no difference in δ13C between species. Carbon and nitrogen contents along the blades were species-specific and varied with growing location and year or season. Some advice is given on the temporal, spatial, and tissue-related choice of samples for different research objectives.
Published: 2019

27. Trophic importance of microphytobenthos and bacteria to meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal habitats: A combined trophic marker approach

Author: Ragnhild Asmus, Jadwiga Rzeznik-Orignac, Benoit Lebreton, Q. Bernier, Nathalie Niquil, Gaël Guillou, Martin Graeve, Harald Asmus, L.H. van der Heijden, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Organisms, Geologic Sediments, Nematoda, Meiofauna, Marennes-Oléron Bay, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Germany, Microalgae, Sandflats, Stable isotopes, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Carbon Isotopes, biology, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, Fatty Acids, Food webs, Microphytobenthos, General Medicine, Pollution, Seagrass, Habitat, Bays, Benthic zone, France, Seasons, Bare mudflats, Food Chain, Meiobenthos, Intertidal zone, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, Copepoda, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Animals, Sylt-Rømø Bight, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, Diatoms, Bacteria, Nitrogen Isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, Seagrass beds, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Tracheophyta, Compound specific isotope analysis, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: International audience; Meiofauna can play an important role in the carbon fluxes of soft-bottom coastal habitats. Investigation of their feeding behavior and trophic position remains challenging due to their small size. In this study, we determine and compare the food sources used by nematodes and benthic copepods by using stable isotope compositions, fatty acid profiles and compound specific isotope analyses of fatty acids in the mudflats, seagrass beds and a sandflat of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany. Suspended particulate organic matter was much more 13C-depleted than other food sources and meiofauna, highlighting its poor role in the different studied habitats. The very low proportions of vascular plant fatty acid markers in meiofauna demonstrated that these consumers did not rely on this food source, either fresh or detrital, even in seagrass beds. The combined use of stable isotopes and fatty acids emphasized microphytobenthos and benthic bacteria as the major food sources of nematodes and benthic copepods. Compound specific analyses of a bacteria marker confirmed that bacteria mostly used microphytobenthos as a substrate.
Published: 2019

28. Structural and functional similarity of epibenthic communities on standing and reefed platforms in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico

Author: Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Gregory W. Stunz, Benoit Lebreton, Terence A. Palmer, Ryan J. Rezek, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Artificial reef, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food resources, 14. Life underwater, Oil and gas production, Functional similarity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Invertebrate, Stable isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Food web, Northwestern Gulf of Mexico, Fishery, Waves and shallow water, Oceanography, Habitat, Epibenthic communities, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Rigs-to-reef, Environmental science
Abstract: Fossil fuel extraction in the Gulf of Mexico currently involves the use of approximately 2000 active oil and gas production platforms. These artificial structures provide a number of ecological functions including habitat provision for epibenthic invertebrates and production of food and refuge for a variety of fish species. To mitigate the loss of habitat when active platforms are decommissioned, Rigs-to-Reefs programs maintain existing communities by removing the upper 26 m of platform structure and converting upper and lower portions into artificial reefs. We examined the epibenthic communities of two standing platforms at 5 m and 30 m depths and three reefed platforms at 30 m depths. A combination of stable isotope and community analysis was used to assess the structure and food web functioning of epibenthic communities among these site-types. Reefed platforms (30 m) supported communities with similar food web structure as 5 m and 30 m standing platform communities. However, community composition in standing platform and reefed platform sites at 30 m differed from those of standing platform sites at 5 m depths. Results indicate that, although loss of shallow water habitat associated with platform reefing may diminish some aspects of biodiversity, reefed platforms support similar fundamental ecological functions as standing platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the current reefing practice of removal of the upper 26 m of the structure does not substantially influence the functionality of these systems, and the retained structure maintains beneficial habitat for epibenthic communities.
Published: 2018

29. How do food sources drive meiofauna community structure in soft-bottom coastal food webs?

Author: Benoit Lebreton, D. Fichet, Petra Kadel, Martine Bréret, J. Rzeznik-Orignac, Ragnhild Asmus, Harald Asmus, L.H. van der Heijden, L. Beaugeard, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meiobenthos, Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Benthic diatoms, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Benthic copepods, Sandflats, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Mudflats, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, Free-living marine nematodes, Bacteria, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Detritivore, Community structure, Seagrass beds, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Seagrass, Benthic zone, Trophic markers, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Meiofauna have a strong role in the functioning of coastal ecosystems but how their food sources affect their community structure remains unclear, likely due to the influence of abiotic parameters and the small size of these organisms. The meiofauna and their potential food sources were sampled in several intertidal habitats (i.e., mudflat, seagrass bed, sandflat) of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany, to assess the relationships between habitat characteristics and meiofauna community structure. Biomass and quality (carbon/chlorophyll a ratios) of food sources were estimated. Meiofauna community structure based on density and biomass was determined, as well as nematode diversity and feeding types. Meiofauna density and biomass varied highly within habitats and within ecosystems, ranging from 1.7 × 10⁵ to 3.4 × 10⁶ ind. m⁻² and from 0.057 to 1.541 gC m⁻², respectively. Benthic microalgae and sediment organic matter are important drivers in these food webs as the density of two important trophic groups of nematodes, non-selective deposit feeders and epigrowth feeders, varied in accordance with these food sources. No clear relationship was observed between bacterial biomass and selective deposit feeders (i.e., bacterivores) probably due to the high production rate of bacteria. Complementary information about production rates of food source as well as data from trophic markers would provide complimentary information to better understand flows of organic matter in intertidal habitats, particularly for opportunistic species such as non-selective deposit feeders.
Published: 2018

30. Dynamics of particulate organic matter composition in coastal systems: Forcing of spatio-temporal variability at multi-systems scale

Author: Philippe Pineau, Aurore Gueux, Martine Bréret, Sophie Ferreira, Muriel Crouvoisier, Cédric Leroux, Pascal Claquin, Francois Dindinaud, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Camilla Liénart, Elsa Breton, Gaël Guillou, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Patrick Raimbault, Franck Petit, Béatrice Lauga, Emilie Grossteffan, Nicolas Susperregui, Michel Lafont, Paco Rodriguez Tress, Véronique Lagadec, Emmanuelle Sultan, Eric Maria, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Yann Bozec, Julien Guillaudeau, Jézabel Lamoureux, Sandrine Geslin, Fabien Aubert, Orianne Jolly, Anne-Marie Corre, Nicolas Savoye, Maïa Durozier, Laurence Costes, Eric Feunteun, Sabrina Bichon, Stéphane L'Helguen, Eric Macé, Benoit Lebreton, Nicolas Lachaussée, Christophe Boinet, Valérie David, Vincent Marieu, Laure Mousseau, Jocelyne Caparros, Hervé Derriennic, Yolanda Del Amo, Vanessa Rouaud, Jean-Paul Lehodey, Sébastien Aubin, Robert Duran, Thierry Cariou, Nicole Garcia, Line Bourasseau, Pierre Ramond, Vincent Hanquiez, Eric Lecuyer, Jérémy Devesa, Antoine Nowaczyk, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Station marine Dinard, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier (CREC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut des Milieux Aquatiques, PERMALA-LIGA, funded by the Aquitaine Regional Council, EC2CO-DRIL MOSLIT, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeur0), Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Evolution des Systèmes Naturels et Modifiés (LESNM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de recherche et d'enseignement des systèmes côtiers (CRESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), UMS 3113, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO), Qualité des eaux et prévention des pollutions (UR QELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Station Marine, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Centre d'Analyse et d'Intervention Sociologiques (CADIS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBIO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Biens, Normes, Contrats (LBNC), Avignon Université (AU), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental forcing, Forcing (mathematics), Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Particulate organic matter, Phytoplankton, medicine, Coastal systems, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Geology, Estuary, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In costal systems, particulate organic matter (POM) results from a multiplicity of sources having their respective dynamics in terms of production, decomposition, transport and burial. The POM pool experiences thus considerable spatial and temporal variability. In order to better understand this variability, the present study employs statistical multivariate analyses to investigate links between POM composition and environmental forcings for a panel of twelve coastal systems distributed along the three maritime regions of France and monitored weekly to monthly for 1 to 8 years.At multi-system scale, two main gradients of POC composition have been identified: a 'Continent-Ocean' gradient associated with hydrodynamics, sedimentary dynamics and depth of the water column, and a gradient of trophic status related to nutrient availability. At local scale, seasonality of POC composition appears to be station-specific but still related to part of the above-mentioned forcings. A typology of systems was established by coupling spatial and temporal variability of POC composition. Four groups were highlighted: (1) the estuarine stations where POC composition is dominated by terrestrial POM and driven by hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes, (2) the oligotrophic systems, characterized by the contribution of diazotrophs due to low nutrient availability, and the marine meso/eutroph systems whose POC composition is (3) either deeply dominated by phytoplankton or (4) dominated by phytoplankton but where the contribution of continental and benthic POC is not negligible and is driven by hydrodynamics, sedimentary processes and the height of the water column.Finally, the present study provides several insights into the different forcings to POM composition and dynamics in temperate coastal systems at local and multi-system scales. This work also presents a methodological approach that establishes statistical links between forcings and POM composition, helping to gain more objectively insight of forcings.
Published: 2018

31. Mercury in blue shark (Prionace glauca) and shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) from north-eastern Atlantic: Implication for fishery management

Author: Daniela Bǎnaru, Sebastián Biton-Porsmoguer, Marc Bouchoucha, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Gaël Guillou, Charles F. Boudouresque, Ivan Dekeyser, Francoise Marco-Miralles, Benoit Lebreton, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources Provence Azur Corse (LERPAC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), IFREMER - Laboratoire Provence Azur Corse, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Isurus, Food Chain, Food Safety, Fisheries, chemistry.chemical_element, Pelagic sharks, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Predation, media_common.cataloged_instance, Animals, Humans, Long-line fishery, 14. Life underwater, European union, NE Atlantic, Atlantic Ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, media_common, Blue shark, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Prionace glauca, Pelagic zone, δ15N, Mercury, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Mercury (element), Fishery, chemistry, Spain, long-line fishery, Shortfin mako, Sharks, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Pelagic sharks (blue shark Prionace glauca and shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus) caught by long-line Spanish and Portuguese fleets in the NE Atlantic, were sampled at Vigo fish market (Spain) for total mercury (Hg) analysis. Hg concentration in white muscle increased with size and weight in both species, but at a higher rate in shortfin mako than in the blue shark. No difference was found with sex, year and season. Spatial variation was observed in the blue shark with higher Hg values in the North of the Azorean archipelago, but not in the shortfin mako. These high-level predators are particularly susceptible to bioaccumulate contaminants (Hg) in their tissues (muscle). However, a significant positive relationship between Hg concentration and trophic level (delta N-15) of individuals was observed only in the shortfin mako. Most sharks landed were juveniles which presented Hg concentration lower than the maximum limit allowed by the European Union (1 mg kg(-1) wet weight) for marketing. However, concentrations above this threshold were most recorded in blue sharks larger than 250 cm total length (TL) and in shortfin makos larger than 190 cm TL, raising the question of the commercialization of large-sized individuals.
Published: 2018

32. Trace elements in a Mediterranean scorpaenid fish: Bioaccumulation processes and spatial variations

Author: Paco Bustamante, Hugo Bourgogne, Sandrine Ruitton, Benoit Lebreton, Gaël Guillou, Carine Churlaud, Mélanie Ourgaud, Mireille Harmelin-Vivien, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines ( LMGEM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), and Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Coastal fish, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Scorpaena, Mediterranean Sea, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Trace elements, biology, Chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, Ecology, Trace element, Geology, Scorpaena porcus, biology.organism_classification, Bioaccumulation, Oceanography, Seagrass, Environmental chemistry, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The black scorpionfish Scorpaena porcus, a carnivorous sedentary species, was studied as an indicator of local trace element (TE) contamination of coastal fish species in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Fish were collected in seagrass meadows in winter 2012 at four sampling sites: three were located near Marseille, a highly urbanized and industrial area that is subjected to various types of contaminant inputs, and one was located near Hyères, a less urbanized area. Size, sex, age and diet of fish were determined before stable isotope and TE analyses. C and N isotopic compositions and concentrations of nine TEs (As, Ba, Cd, Cu, Cr, T-Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in dorsal white muscle. Most TEs did not bioaccumulate in S. porcus, as no increase in TE concentrations with increasing size, age or trophic level of fish was evident. Total mercury (T-Hg) was the only element to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, displaying strong positive correlations of its concentration with age (r = 0.88, p < 0.01), length (r = 0.84, p < 0.01) and δ 15 N value (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). Compared with the reference site, higher concentrations of As, Ba, Cd, T-Hg, Pb, and Zn were recorded in fish collected at one or all of the Marseille site. In contrast, no difference was observed for Cr, Cu, and Ni concentrations with site. Spatial differences in TE concentrations in S. porcus were related to differences in isotopic composition and to the primary environmental characteristics and human activities prevailing at each site. Concentrations of Cd, T-Hg and Pb in fish muscle (priority substances for monitoring) were all below the maximum permitted European values.
Published: 2018

33. Stable isotope composition and parasitic infections of harbor seal young-of-the-year used as prey-based diet indicators

Author: Kristina Lehnert, Ragnhild Asmus, Camille de la Vega, Benoit Lebreton, Harald Asmus, Ursula Siebert, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), and University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation (TiHo)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Young-of-the-year, Foraging, Zoology, Postweaning fast, Aquatic Science, Phoca vitulina, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Phoca, Predation, Wadden Sea, Trophically transmitted parasites, Lactation, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, δ13C, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pey-based diet, δ15N, δ13C and δ15N, biology.organism_classification, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Harbor seal
Abstract: The stable isotope composition (δ13C and δ15N values) of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) is influenced by their diet. Young-of-the-year during lactation and postweaning fast are expected be enriched in 15N compared to foraging seals. We studied the temporal variation of stable isotope composition of young-of-the-year and adults to determine from which point in time the young-of-the-year tissues (i.e., muscles and vibrissae) are influenced by independent foraging only. These results were compared with the development of trophically transmitted parasitic infections. The δ15N values in young-of-the-year muscles decreased from June (20.3‰ ± 0.5‰) to October (18.5‰ ± 0.4‰), while those of foraging seals were all year long below 19.2‰. This decrease coincides with the increase of parasitic infections in young-of-the-year, reflecting a shift to fish diet. Together these results suggest that the muscles of the young-of-the-year older than 5–6 mo reflect independent foraging and that they can therefore be used in community diet studies. The nursing signal in vibrissae was unclear, as the δ15N values of young-of-the-year were stable over time, whereas those of adults varied seasonally. However, δ15N values of nursing pups were significantly higher than those of adults in May and June, maybe due to their reliance on milk.
Published: 2018

34. Ecological structure and function in a restored versus natural salt marsh

Author: Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Ryan J. Rezek, Benoit Lebreton, Blair Sterba-Boatwright, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Composite Particles, Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Marsh, lcsh:Medicine, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Spartina alterniflora, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes, Flooding, Food Web Structure, Decapoda, Biomass, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Stable isotopes, Sedimentary Geology, Biomass (ecology), Gulf of Mexico, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Geography, biology, Physics, Geology, Food web, Biodiversity, Texas, Habitats, Macrophyte, Community Ecology, Isotope Labeling, Salt marsh, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, Atoms, Conservation of Natural Resources, Marshes, 010603 evolutionary biology, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Particle Physics, Community Structure, Restoration ecology, Ecosystem, Petrology, geography, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Environments, Biology and Life Sciences, Restoration Ecology, Water, Bayes Theorem, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Habitat restoration, biology.organism_classification, Floods, 13. Climate action, Wetlands, Multivariate Analysis, Earth Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Sediment, Hydrology
Abstract: Habitat reconstruction is commonly employed to restore degraded estuarine habitats and lost ecological functions. In this study, we use a combination of stable isotope analyses and macrofauna community analysis to compare the ecological structure and function between a recently constructed Spartina alterniflora salt marsh and a natural reference habitat over a 2-year period. The restored marsh was successful in providing habitat for economically and ecologically important macrofauna taxa; supporting similar or greater density, biomass, and species richness to the natural reference during all but one sampling period. Stable isotope analyses revealed that communities from the natural and the restored marshes relied on a similar diversity of food resources and that decapods had similar trophic levels. However, some generalist consumers (Palaemonetes spp. and Penaeus aztecus) were more 13C-enriched in the natural marsh, indicating a greater use of macrophyte derived organic matter relative to restored marsh counterparts. This difference was attributed to the higher quantities of macrophyte detritus and organic carbon in natural marsh sediments. Reduced marsh flooding frequency was associated with a reduction in macrofaunal biomass and decapod trophic levels. The restored marsh edge occurred at lower elevations than natural marsh edge, apparently due to reduced fetch and wind-wave exposure provided by the protective berm structures. The lower elevation of the restored marsh edge mitigated negative impacts in sampling periods with low tidal elevations that affected the natural marsh. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering sediment characteristics and elevation in salt marsh constructions.
Published: 2017

35. Methods of lipid-normalization for multi-tissue stable isotope analyses in tropical tuna

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Maxime Degroote, Edwin Fouché, Nathalie Bodin, Fany Sardenne, Stephanie Hollanda, Gaël Guillou, and Frédéric Ménard
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Normalization (statistics), Skipjack tuna, δ13C, biology, Chemistry, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Organic Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of nitrogen, Analytical Chemistry, Isotopes of carbon, Environmental chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Biological system, Tuna, Spectroscopy
Abstract: RATIONALE: The bias associated with lipid contents in fish tissues is a recalcitrant topic for trophic studies using stable isotopes. Lipids are depleted in the heavy carbon isotope (13C) and the lipid content varies considerably among species, tissues and in both time and space. We have applied and assessed different correction methods for tropical tuna tissues. METHODS:We tested two types of normalization methods to deal with variable lipid content in liver, gonads, and white and red muscles of yellowfin, bigeye and skipjack tuna: a chemical extraction using dichloromethane and a mathematical correction based on three modeling approaches (linear, non-linear and mass balance models). We measured isotopic ratios of bulk and lipid-free tissues and assessed the predictive ability of the correction models with the lipid-free measurements. The parameters of the models were estimated from our dataset and from results from published studies on other species. RESULTS: Comparison between bulk, lipid-free and lipid-corrected isotopic ratios demonstrated that (1) chemical extraction using dichloromethane did not affect δ15N values; (2) the change in δ13C values after extraction was tissuespecific; (3) lipid-normalization models using published parameter estimates failed to predict lipid-corrected δ13C values; and (4) linear and non-linear models using parameters estimated for each tissue from our dataset provided accurate δ13C predictions for all tissues, and mass balance model for white muscle only. CONCLUSIONS: Models using published estimates for parameters from other species cannot be used. Based on a range of lipid content that do not exceed 45%, we recommend the linear model to correct the bulk δ13C values in the investigated tissues but the parameters have to be estimated from a proportion of the original data for which chemical extraction is required and the isotopic values of bulk and lipid-free tissues are measured.
Published: 2015

36. Dynamics of particulate organic matter composition in coastal systems: a spatio-temporal study at multi-systems scale

Author: Francois Dindinaud, Michel Lafont, Aurore Gueux, Benoit Lebreton, Christophe Boinet, Vincent Cornille, Gaël Guillou, Jocelyne Caparros, Martine Bréret, Jean-Paul Lehodey, Julien Guillaudeau, Pierre Richard, Fabien Aubert, Sabrina Bichon, Stéphane L'Helguen, Fabrice Garcia, Eric Maria, Laurence Costes, Yolanda Del Amo, Eric Macé, Nicolas Lachaussée, Sandrine Geslin, Pascal Riera, Gauthier Schaal, Elsa Breton, Emilie Grossteffan, Valérie David, Laure Mousseau, Emmanuelle Sultan, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Karine Grangeré, Nicolas Savoye, Maïa Durozier, Nicole Garcia, Line Bourasseau, Eric Lecuyer, Olivier Crispi, Pascal Claquin, Michel Fornier, David Lemeille, Yann Bozec, Philippe Kerhervé, Franck Petit, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Cédric Leroux, Anne-Marie Corre, Marie Czamanski, Antoine Nowaczyk, Jérémy Devesa, Karine Charlier, Jézabel Lamoureux, Orianne Joly, Hervé Derriennic, Sébastien Aubin, Thierry Cariou, Peggy Rimelin-Maury, Vincent Hanquiez, Sébastien Lefebvre, Camilla Liénart, Patrick Raimbault, Eric Feunteun, Philippe Pineau, Sophie Ferreira, Muriel Crouvoisier, Pascal Conan, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Station marine Dinard, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier (CREC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Centre de recherche et d'enseignement des systèmes côtiers (CRESCO), Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ESEO-GSII (GSII), ESEO-Tech, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), CNRS 5320, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeur0), Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (OVSG), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Brest (UBO), EMBIO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMS 3113, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Normandie Université (NU), Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHImie Marine ( CHIM ), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin ( ADMM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 ( LOG ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne ( LOMIC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche et d'enseignement des systèmes côtiers ( CRESCO ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens ( CEFREM ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Rongeurs Sauvages – Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations, INRA, VetAgro Sup ( USC1233/RS2GP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche ( LOV ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques ( EFEB ), ESEO-GSII ( GSII ), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Centre de recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux ( UPR8641 ), Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux ( EPOC ), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] ( SBR ), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée ( NutriNeur0 ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, OVSG-IPGP, Observatoire Volcanologique et sismologique de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier ( CREC ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques ( UR BELY ), CEMAGREF, Normandie Université ( NU ), Centre Émile Durkheim ( CED ), and Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Sciences Po-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chibido, Mixing model, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, coastal systems, N ratio [C], C:N ratio, Water column, Particulate organic matter, Phytoplankton, Littoral zone, medicine, Coastal systems, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, particulate organic matter, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, C and N stable isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Geology, Estuary, Seasonality, mixing model, medicine.disease, meta-analysis, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, france
Abstract: International audience; In coastal systems, the multiplicity of sources fueling the pool of particulate organic matter (POM) leads to divergent estimations of POM composition. Eleven systems (two littoral systems, eight embayments and semi-enclosed systems and one estuary) distributed along the three maritime façades of France were studied for two to eight years in order to quantify the relative contribution of organic matter sources to the surface-water POM pool in coastal systems. This study was based on carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios, used for running mixing models. The POM of the estuary is dominated by terrestrial material (93% on average), whereas the POM of the other systems is dominated by phytoplankton (84% on average). Nevertheless, for the latter systems, the POM composition varies in space, with 1) systems where POM is highly composed of phytoplankton (≥ 93%), 2) systems characterized by a non-negligible contribution of benthic (8 to 19%) and/or riverine (7 to 19%) sources, and 3) the Mediterranean systems characterized by the contribution of diazotroph organisms (ca. 14%). A continent-to-ocean gradient of riverine and/or benthic POM contribution is observed. Finally, time series reveal 1) seasonal variations of POM composition, 2) differences in seasonality between systems, and 3) an inshore-offshore gradient of seasonality within each system that were sampled at several stations. Spatial and seasonal patterns of POM composition are mainly due to local to regional processes such as hydrodynamics and sedimentary hydrodynamic (e.g. resuspension processes, changes in river flows, wind patterns influencing along-shore currents) but also due to the geomorphology of the systems (depth of the water column, distance to the shore). Future studies investigating the link between these forcings and POM composition would help to better understand the dynamics of POM composition in coastal systems.
Published: 2017

37. Trophic position increases with thermocline depth in yellowfin and bigeye tuna across the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

Author: Aurore Receveur, Lydie I. E. Couturier, Heidi Pethybridge, Jean-Marie Munaron, Elodie Vourey, Yves Letourneur, Patrick Raimbault, Brittany S. Graham, Tsuguo Otake, Sophie Bonnet, Eric Feunteun, Laura Tremblay-Boyer, Valerie Allain, Anne Lorrain, Petra M. Kuhnert, Christophe E. Menkès, Brian P. V. Hunt, Martine Rodier, Bruno Leroy, Benoit Lebreton, Patrick Houssard, David Point, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement (LIVE), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Pacific community (SPC), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO Marine and Atmosphere Research [Hobart], Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of British Columbia (UBC), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Polynésie]), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Station marine Dinard, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Data61 [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian National University (ANU)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), GOPS HISPANIC, PACIMER, the Pacific Fund VACOPA project, Government of New Caledonia, BIOPELAGOS project funded by the European Union BEST 2.0 Programme, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire Insulaire du Vivant et de l'Environnement ( LIVE ), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Secretariat of the Pacific Community ( Secretariat of the Pacific Community ), Secretariat of the Pacific Community, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] ( NIWA ), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs ( PEPS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques ( LOCEAN ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse ( GET ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of British Columbia ( UBC ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Polynésie] ), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) ( EIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] ( ILM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de la Polynésie Française ( UPF ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), The University of Tokyo, ANR-10-LABX-0019/10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean ( 2010 ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Delta, Yellowfin tuna, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mesopelagic zone, Depth of the 20°C isotherm, Bigeye tuna, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Isoscapes Bigeye tuna, Compound-specific isotope analysis, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, POM, biology, Depth of the 20 degrees C isotherm, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Nitrogen isotopes, ACL, Biochemical markers, food and beverages, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Food web, Amino acid, Fishery, Oceanography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tuna, Thermocline, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Estimates of trophic position are used to validate ecosystem models and understand food web structure. A consumer's trophic position can be estimated by the stable nitrogen isotope values (delta N-15) of its tissue, once the baseline isotopic variability has been accounted for. Our study established the first data-driven baseline delta N-15 isoscape for the Western and Central Pacific Ocean using particulate organic matter. Bulk delta N-15 analysis on 1039 muscle tissue of bigeye and yellowfin tuna were conducted together with amino acid compound-specific delta N-15 analysis (AA-CSIA) on a subset of 21 samples. Both particulate organic matter and tuna bulk delta N-15 values varied by more than 10 parts per thousand across the study area. Fine-scaled trophic position maps were constructed and revealed higher tuna trophic position (by similar to 1) in the southern latitudes compared to the equator. AA-CSIA confirmed these spatial patterns for bigeye and, to a lesser extent, yellowfin tuna. Using generalized additive models, spatial variations of tuna trophic positions were mainly related to the depth of the 20 degrees C isotherm, a proxy for the thermocline behavior, with higher tuna trophic position estimates at greater thermocline depths. We hypothesized that a deeper thermocline would increase tuna vertical habitat and access to mesopelagic prey of higher trophic position. Archival tagging data further suggested that the vertical habitat of bigeye tuna was deeper in the southern latitudes than at the equator. These results suggest the importance of thermocline depth in influencing tropical tuna diet, which affects their vulnerability to fisheries, and may be altered by climate change.
Published: 2017

38. How does a restored oyster reef develop? An assessment based on stable isotopes and community metrics

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Terence A. Palmer, E. Brendan Roark, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Ryan J. Rezek, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Texas A&M University System
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Community metrics, Aquatic Science, Oyster reefs, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food chain, Food resources, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Stable isotopes, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, 15. Life on land, Food web, Fishery, Restoration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, population characteristics, Coral reef protection, Oyster reef restoration, geographic locations
Abstract: Oyster reefs host complex food webs, as their three-dimensional biogenic structure provides habitat for a diverse range of invertebrates and fish. Oyster reefs have suffered severe degradation due to anthropogenic activities. Restoration projects aim to mitigate this habitat loss. We compared the development of a restored subtidal oyster reef to that of a natural reef for 29 months by assessing (1) community metrics (e.g., biomass, diversity), (2) the stable isotope composition of food sources and consumers, and (3) biomass-weighted isotopic diversity indices. A clear shift in restored reef community composition occurred 12–15 months after restoration, moving from a community dominated by opportunistic species to a more diverse and evenly distributed community, similar to that of the natural reef. Consumer stable isotope values indicated that the restored reef community was supported by similar food resources and had similar food chain length as the natural reef community by 5-month post-restoration. However, biomass-weighted isotopic diversity indices indicated that the magnitude of the main trophic pathways and characteristics of food web complexity in the restored reef did not recover to natural reef levels until 12–15 months after construction. The functional recovery of the restored reef community was driven by the homogenization of biomass distribution among trophic compartments as oysters and top predators increasingly colonized the reef. Results indicate that oyster reef restoration can support food web functions like those provided by natural reefs. We also demonstrate the importance of combining food web and community structure information in the study of ecological functioning.
Published: 2017

39. Strong linkage of polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ) to sea ice algae-produced carbon: Evidence from stomach content, fatty acid and stable isotope analyses

Author: Martin Graeve, F.L. Schaafsma, Benjamin Lange, Carmen David, Martina Vortkamp, Benoit Lebreton, Hauke Flores, Doreen Kohlbach, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Centre for Natural History, University of Hamburg, Wageningen Marine Research, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Carbon isotope ratio, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Boreogadus saida, Stomach content, Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Compound-specific stable isotope analysis, Onderzoeksformatie, Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Isotope analysis, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ice-water interface, Geology, Aquatische Ecologie en Waterkwaliteitsbeheer, biology.organism_classification, Arctic ice pack, Food web, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Marker fatty acids, Carbon flux
Abstract: The polar cod ( Boreogadus saida ) is considered an ecological key species, because it reaches high stock biomasses and constitutes an important carbon source for seabirds and marine mammals in high-Arctic ecosystems. Young polar cod (1–2 years) are often associated with the underside of sea ice. To evaluate the impact of changing Arctic sea ice habitats on polar cod, we examined the diet composition and quantified the contribution of ice algae-produced carbon ( α Ice ) to the carbon budget of polar cod. Young polar cod were sampled in the ice-water interface layer in the central Arctic Ocean during late summer 2012. Diets and carbon sources of these fish were examined using 4 approaches: (1) stomach content analysis, (2) fatty acid (FA) analysis, (3) bulk nitrogen and carbon stable isotope analysis (BSIA) and (4) compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of FAs. The ice-associated (sympagic) amphipod Apherusa glacialis dominated the stomach contents by mass, indicating a high importance of sympagic fauna in young polar cod diets. The biomass of food measured in stomachs implied constant feeding at daily rates of ∼1.2% body mass per fish, indicating the potential for positive growth. FA profiles of polar cod indicated that diatoms were the primary carbon source, indirectly obtained via amphipods and copepods. The α Ice using bulk isotope data from muscle was estimated to be >90%. In comparison, α Ice based on CSIA ranged from 34 to 65%, with the highest estimates from muscle and the lowest from liver tissue. Overall, our results indicate a strong dependency of polar cod on ice-algae produced carbon. This suggests that young polar cod may be particularly vulnerable to changes in the distribution and structure of sea ice habitats. Due to the ecological key role of polar cod, changes at the base of the sea ice-associated food web are likely to affect the higher trophic levels of high-Arctic ecosystems.
Published: 2017

40. Salinity disturbance affects faunal community composition and organic matter on a restored Crassostrea virginica oyster reef

Author: Terence A. Palmer, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Benoit Lebreton, Kevin De Santiago, Danielle A. Marshall, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Freshwater inflow, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, biology.animal, 14. Life underwater, Restoration ecology, Reef, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Stable isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Gulf of Mexico, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, Food web, Habitat restoration, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Fishery, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Crassostrea, Oyster reef restoration, Bay
Abstract: Ecological restoration has become a widely recognized tool to ameliorate the effects of habitat loss. Half Moon Reef, once a highly-productive 2 km2 Crassostrea virginica oyster reef in Matagorda Bay, Texas, was harvested to depletion in the early 20th century. In 2014, a 0.23 km2 reef complex was created using limestone and concrete substrates to restore oyster populations—one of the largest contiguous oyster reef restoration efforts in the U.S. In the three years post-construction, two large freshwater inflow events provided a unique opportunity to determine the effects of prolonged salinity reductions (
Published: 2019

41. Trophic shift in young-of-the-year Mugilidae during salt-marsh colonization

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Pierre Richard, Gaël Guillou, and Gérard F. Blanchard
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Consumer, Pelagic zone, Aquatic Science, Biology, Fish measurement, biology.organism_classification, Predation, Benthic zone, Salt marsh, Golden grey mullet, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract: This study investigated the trophic shift of young-of-the-year (YOY) thinlip grey mullet Liza ramada and golden grey mullet Liza aurata during their recruitment in a salt marsh located on the European Atlantic Ocean coast. Stable-isotope signatures (δ(13) C and δ(15) N) of the fishes followed a pattern, having enrichments in (13) C and (15) N with increasing fork length (LF ): δ(13) C in fishes 30 mm δ(13) C ranged from -15.8 to -12.7‰, closer to the level in salt-marsh food resources. Large differences between the δ(15) N values of mugilids and those of food sources (6·0‰ on average) showed that YOY are secondary consumers, similar to older individuals, when feeding in the salt marsh. YOY mugilids shift from browsing on pelagic prey to grazing on benthic resources from the salt marsh before reaching 30 mm LF. The results highlight the role of European salt marshes as nurseries for juvenile mugilids.
Published: 2013

42. Trophic niches of sympatric tropical tuna in the Western Indian Ocean inferred by stable isotopes and neutral fatty acids

Author: Aurélien Amiel, Heidi Pethybridge, Frédéric Ménard, Stephanie Hollanda, Nathalie Bodin, Fany Sardenne, Emmanuel Chassot, Edwin Fouché, Gaël Guillou, Maxime Degroote, Benoit Lebreton, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Prévention et promotion de la cancérogénèse par les aliments (ToxAlim-PPCA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Seychelles Fishing Authority (SFA) (SFA), Université des Seychelles, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INP - PURPAN), and Sardenne, Fany
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, monoene fats, Yellowfin tuna, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, mozambique channel, food-web, thunnus-albacares, 14. Life underwater, foraging ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Isotope analysis, Ecological niche, biology, Ecology, Stable isotope ratio, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Niche differentiation, yellowfin tuna, salmon salmo-salar, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Food web, pacific-ocean, top predators, diet, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Tuna
Abstract: International audience; This study examined the trophic ecology of three sympatric tropical tuna species (bigeye BET, skipjack SKJ, and yellowfin YFT) sampled in the Western Indian Ocean throughout 2013. Specifically we explored inter-specific resource partitioning and ontogenetic variability using neutral fatty acids and stable isotope analysis of liver and muscle from small (100 cm FL) tuna collected in mixed schools at the surface by purse-seine. Both biochemical tracers were used to calculate trophic niche indices that collectively revealed high potential for resource overlap, especially among small tuna. Resource overlap appeared strongest between BET and YFT, with SKJ tissues having high carbon isotope (delta C-13) values (-17 +/- 0.3 parts per thousand), lower nitrogen isotope (delta N-15) values (11.4 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand), and higher relative proportion of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than the two other species, indicating a different diet. Size was found to be a strong predictor for most biochemical tracers in the three species with delta C-13, delta N-15 and total lipid content in the liver. In the larger species (YFT and BET), proportions of mono-unsaturated fatty acids typically increased with size, while quantities of PUFA decreased. In addition to ontogenetic variability, trophic markers were shown to vary between sampling area and season: higher lipid reserves and delta N-15 values, and lower delta C-13 values occurred during monsoon periods around Seychelles than in the Mozambique Channel (parted from about 1500 km). Our multi-tracer approach reveals the magnitude of potential competitive interactions in mixed tropical tuna schools at both small and large sizes and demonstrates that ontogenetic niche differentiation acts as a major factor of coexistence in tropical tuna
Published: 2016

43. Temporal shift in biomass and production of macrozoobenthos in the macroalgal belt at Hansneset, Kongsfjorden, after 15 years

Author: Harald Asmus, Haakon Hop, Inka Bartsch, Andrey Voronkov, Max Schwanitz, Benoit Lebreton, Thomas Brey, Martin Paar, Christian Wiencke, Ragnhild Asmus, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Norwegian Polar Institute, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fauna, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Kongsfjorden, Kelp-associated fauna, Arctic, Dry weight, Somatic production, Ecosystem, Transect, P/B ratio, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Oceanography, Habitat, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Macrozoobenthic, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Benthic biomass
Abstract: In Arctic macroalgal belt ecosystems, macrozoobenthic production is thought to be an important link between primary production and higher trophic levels. Macrozoobenthic biomass and secondary production were studied along transects (2.5–15 m depth) in the macroalgal belt at Hansneset in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, from 2012 to 2013. At 2.5 m, the standing stock reached its maxima of 174.8 ± 54.4 g ash-free dry weight per 1 m2, while density (4341 ind. m−2 ± 1127 95 % CI) and production (7.0 g C m−2 y−1 ± 2.8 95 % CI) were highest at 5 m water depth in 2012/13. Compared to a study from 1996/98, this re-sampling indicated a drastic change in the depth distribution of macrozoobenthic biomass and secondary production at Hansneset. While both biomass and secondary production increased with water depth in 1996/98, this pattern was inversed in 2012/13 owing to a tenfold increase in biomass and secondary production in the upper most sublittoral (2.5–5 m). Variability of macrozoobenthic biomass and secondary production corresponded to differences in the physical environment and macroalgal vegetation along the depth gradient. In the last decade, the number of ice-free days per year increased probably due to Arctic warming. As a result, shallow rocky habitats (2.5–5 m) are less affected by ice scouring, thereby opening new space for colonisation by benthic fauna. However, faunal secondary production was low compared to macroalgal primary production, indicating a considerable export of most of the algal production from the shallow habitats to the adjacent areas.
Published: 2016

44. Seasonal variation of harbor seal's diet from the Wadden Sea in relation to prey availability

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Ursula Siebert, Harald Asmus, Krishna Das, Gaël Guillou, Camille de la Vega, Ragnhild Asmus, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation (TiHo), and Laboratory of oceanology — MARE center, Université de Liège
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Male, Composite Particles, Seasonal variation, lcsh:Medicine, Predation, 01 natural sciences, Wadden Sea, Isotopes, Harbor seal, Biomass, Animal Anatomy, lcsh:Science, Stable isotopes, Biomass (ecology), Carbon Isotopes, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Geography, Physics, Trophic Interactions, Spring, Community Ecology, Benthic zone, Physical Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Female, Seasons, North Sea, Research Article, Atoms, Food Chain, Summer, Foraging, Phoca, 010603 evolutionary biology, Marine mammal, Species Specificity, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, medicine, Animal Physiology, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Particle Physics, Analysis of Variance, Nitrogen Isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Winter, Biology and Life Sciences, Pelagic zone, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Diet, Vibrissae, Predatory Behavior, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, Zoology
Abstract: International audience; The Wadden Sea has an important role for marine mammals in terms of resting, nursing and foraging. Harbor seal is the most abundant marine mammal species in this area. The use of the food resources of the Wadden Sea by seals is not clear, and previous studies showed that this species can travel kilometers away from their haul-outs to forage in the North Sea. In this study, we analyzed the stable isotopes of vibrissae from 23 dead harbor seals found on the island of Sylt to investigate their diet. The predator´s carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were compared to the compositions of different potential prey items from the Sylt-Rømø Bight and from the North Sea in order to study seasonal pattern in the diet and in the foraging location. In parallel, seasonal variation of abundance and biomass of the potential prey items from the Sylt-Rømø Bight were studied and compare to their contribution to the seal´s diet. The results revealed a change in the seal´s diet from pelagic sources in spring to a benthic based diet in summer, and an increasing use of the North Sea resources in fall and winter in accordance with the seasonal variation of the availability of prey in the Sylt-Rømø Bight.
Published: 2016

45. Origin, composition and quality of suspended particulate organic matter in relation to freshwater inflow in a South Texas estuary

Author: Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Terence A. Palmer, Benoit Lebreton, Paul A. Montagna, Gaël Guillou, Brittany N. Blomberg, L. G. Adams, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], and Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Freshwater inflow, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chlorophyll a, Aquatic Science, Suspended particulate organic matter, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Phytoplankton, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Stable isotope ratio, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Hydrology, Total organic carbon, geography, Gulf of Mexico, geography.geographical_feature_category, Detritus, Texas estuary, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Estuary, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Salt marsh, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; South Texas has a semi-arid climate with a large interannual variability of freshwater inflows. This study sought to define how changes in freshwater inflow affect the composition, quantity and quality of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) in a South Texas estuary: the Mission-Aransas estuary. The study was implemented 1.5 months after a large rain event in September 2010 and continued for 10 months of drought conditions. The composition of SPOM originating from rivers, the Gulf of Mexico and the estuary were determined using stable isotopes (δ 13 C, δ 15 N and δ 34 S). The quantity and quality of SPOM were assessed using organic carbon content, chlorophyll a concentrations and C/chl a ratios. Our results demonstrated that autochthonous phytoplankton was the dominant component of SPOM in the Mission-Aransas estuary during droughts. Benthic organic matter from local primary producers (i.e., seagrass, salt marsh plants, benthic microalgae) did not influence SPOM composition, either as fresh material or as detritus. A comparison with a positive estuary (i.e., Sabine-Neches estuary, TX) indicates that decreases in freshwater inflow may lead to decreases of terrestrial organic matter inputs and to increase the ratio of autochtonous phytoplanktonic material in SPOM. Highlights-Phytoplankton dominate particulate organic matter in the Mission-Aransas estuary.-Benthic organic matter does not influence particulate organic matter composition.-Organic matter drained by rivers during minor rain events is of very poor quality.
Published: 2016

46. Trophic ecology of mullets during their spring migration in a European saltmarsh: A stable isotope study

Author: Benoit Lebreton, Gaël Guillou, Pierre Richard, Gérard F. Blanchard, and Emmanuel P. Parlier
Subjects: education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Meiobenthos, Population, Aquatic Science, Catch per unit effort, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Mullet, Food web, education, Bay, Isotope analysis, Trophic level
Abstract: Mullet populations are abundant in littoral waters throughout the world and play a significant role in organic matter fluxes. Mullets are opportunistic feeders: adults have frequently been shown to feed on primary producers (e.g. fresh or detrital plant material, microphytobenthos) but they may also feed on meiofauna. The population structure and stomach contents of mullets that colonize saltmarsh creeks in Aiguillon Bay (French Atlantic coast) were studied to determine if they use saltmarshes as a feeding ground in spring. Stable isotope analyses were carried out on mullets sampled to assess their diet during their spring migration. The mullet population was primarily composed of young-of-the-year (G0), 1 year-old (G1) of both Liza ramada and Liza aurata species and 3 year-old or older (G3+) L. ramada individuals. G0 and G3+ population densities increased during the spring period: catch per unit effort (CPUE) increased from 0.22 to 1.49 ind min −1 for the G0 age group; but stomach content analyses revealed that only G1 and G3+ feed in the saltmarsh. Isotopic signatures of G1 (spring: δ 13 C: −14.8‰, δ 15 N: 14.1‰) and G3+ mullets (spring: δ 13 C: −16.9‰, δ 15 N: 13.8‰) indicate that mullet growth is supported largely by primary consumers, such as benthic meiofauna or small macrofauna. Mullets are thus positioned at a much higher trophic level than true primary consumers.
Published: 2011

47. Influence of diatoms on copepod reproduction. II. Uncorrelated effects of diatom-derived α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated aldehydes and polyunsaturated fatty acids on Calanus helgolandicus in the field

Author: Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Georg Pohnert, Thomas Wichard, Julie Marchetti, Serge A. Poulet, Jean Baptiste Ledoux, Benoit Lebreton, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Hatching, ved/biology, fungi, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Zoology, Geology, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, Algal bloom, Oceanography, Diatom, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Phytoplankton, Botany, Calanus, Copepod, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Acartia tonsa
Abstract: We set up a survey involving comprehensive chemical analyses of phytoplankton and the simultaneous monitoring of the reproductive response of Calanus helgolandicus. Hatching success and larvae development of C helgolandicus were monitored weekly with female specimens sampled along with phytoplankton in the coastal waters off Roscoff (Western English Channel) from March/April to October in 2003 and 2004. Polyunsaturated aldehyde (PUA) production and nutritional parameters of phytoplankton [i.e. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particulate organic carbon (POC) and nitrogen (PON)] were measured. The hatching success varied between 0% and 80% during the two spring-summer spawning seasons. Neither the nutritional parameters measured nor polyunsaturated aldehydes could be found responsible for the frequently observed hatching failure. However, egg production and hatching rates were strongly positively correlated, suggesting a functional link between these reproductive parameters. PUA production in phytoplankton was mainly determined by Thalassiosira rotula. The occurrence of this diatom species might be used as a marker of PUAs in the study area. Laboratory feeding experiments showed that single species diets of freshly isolated diatoms (T. rotula, Guinardia striata, Guinardia delicatula and Rhizosolenia setigera) caused high or low egg viability and naupliar survival of C. helgolandicus independent of PUA production and PUFA content. The impact of PUA on the hatching success of Calanus among different ecosystems is discussed. The combined approach of feeding experiments and chemical analysis supports the idea that parameters other than PUAs and PUFAs have to be taken into account in order to explain the highly variable hatching rates observed in this environment. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2008

48. Retrospective monitoring of mercury in fish from selected European freshwater and estuary sites

Author: Heinz Rüdel, Annette Fliedner, Benoit Lebreton, Markus Quack, Burkhard Knopf, Regine Nguetseng, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Publica
Subjects: Trend monitoring, Environmental Engineering, Wet weight, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry(all), Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Reference site, chemistry.chemical_element, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Stable isotope dilution, chemistry.chemical_compound, abramis brama, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Methylmercury, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Mercury in fish, Significant difference, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Fishes, Estuary, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Mercury, Methylmercury Compounds, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Mercury (element), chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental quality standard, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Estuaries, Abramis brama, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, Biota monitoring
Abstract: Levels and trends of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) compounds in bream ( Abramis brama ) from different European sites were compared. Bream were collected between 2007 and 2013 in the estuaries of the rivers Scheldt (Netherlands), Rhone (France), Gota alv (Sweden), Tees (United Kingdom), and Mersey (UK), and in Lake Belau (Germany). A direct mercury analyzer was used to determine THg concentrations while MeHg was measured by gas chromatography/inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry applying stable isotope dilution. THg and MeHg in annual pool samples of bream ranged between 15.9 and 251 μg kg −1 wet weight (ww) with lowest concentrations found at the reference site Lake Belau and highest in samples from the river Rhone. The EU environmental quality standard (EQS) of 20 μg kg −1 ww was exceeded at all sites and in all years except at Lake Belau in 2012. Significantly decreasing trends over time were observed only in bream from the Rhone, while THg increased in bream from the Western Scheldt. The MeHg fractions of THg were always >80% and a significant difference between sites was detected only in one case (Rhone vs . Lake Belau).
Published: 2015

49. Methods of lipid-normalization for multi-tissue stable isotope analyses in tropical tuna

Author: Fany, Sardenne, Frédéric, Ménard, Maxime, Degroote, Edwin, Fouché, Gaël, Guillou, Benoit, Lebreton, Stephanie J, Hollanda, and Nathalie, Bodin
Subjects: Fish Proteins, Male, Carbon Isotopes, Tropical Climate, Nitrogen Isotopes, Tuna, Chemical Fractionation, Models, Theoretical, Lipids, Mass Spectrometry, Liver, Animals, Female, Muscle, Skeletal, Indian Ocean
Abstract: The bias associated with lipid contents in fish tissues is a recalcitrant topic for trophic studies using stable isotopes. Lipids are depleted in the heavy carbon isotope ((13)C) and the lipid content varies considerably among species, tissues and in both time and space. We have applied and assessed different correction methods for tropical tuna tissues.We tested two types of normalization methods to deal with variable lipid content in liver, gonads, and white and red muscles of yellowfin, bigeye and skipjack tuna: a chemical extraction using dichloromethane and a mathematical correction based on three modeling approaches (linear, non-linear and mass balance models). We measured isotopic ratios of bulk and lipid-free tissues and assessed the predictive ability of the correction models with the lipid-free measurements. The parameters of the models were estimated from our dataset and from results from published studies on other species.Comparison between bulk, lipid-free and lipid-corrected isotopic ratios demonstrated that (1) chemical extraction using dichloromethane did not affect δ(15)N values; (2) the change in δ(13)C values after extraction was tissue-specific; (3) lipid-normalization models using published parameter estimates failed to predict lipid-corrected δ(13)C values; and (4) linear and non-linear models using parameters estimated for each tissue from our dataset provided accurate δ(13)C predictions for all tissues, and mass balance model for white muscle only.Models using published estimates for parameters from other species cannot be used. Based on a range of lipid content that do not exceed 45%, we recommend the linear model to correct the bulk δ(13)C values in the investigated tissues but the parameters have to be estimated from a proportion of the original data for which chemical extraction is required and the isotopic values of bulk and lipid-free tissues are measured.
Published: 2014

50. Incorporation of diet information derived from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models into mass-balanced marine ecosystem models: A case study from the Marennes-Oléron Estuary, France

Author: Donald L. Phillips, Pierre Richard, Stephen R. Pacella, Benoit Lebreton, Theodore H. DeWitt, Nathalie Niquil, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Western Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biology, Stable isotope ratio, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, δ15N, Atmospheric sciences, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Food web, Seagrass, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Social ecological model, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Mixing (physics)
Abstract: International audience; We investigated the use of output from Bayesian stable isotope mixing models asconstraints for a linear inverse food web model of a temperate intertidal seagrass systemin the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France. Linear inverse modeling (LIM) is a technique thatestimates a complete network of flows in an under-determined system using acombination of site-specific data and relevant literature data. This estimation of completeflow networks of food webs in marine ecosystems is becoming more recognized for itsutility in understanding ecosystem functioning. However, diets and consumption rates oforganisms are often difficult or impossible to accurately and reliably measure in the field,resulting in a large amount of uncertainty in the magnitude of consumption flows andresource partitioning in ecosystems. In order to address this issue, this study utilizedstable isotope data to help aid in estimating these unknown flows. δ13C and δ15N isotopedata of consumers and producers in the Marennes-Oléron seagrass system was used inBayesian mixing models. The output of these mixing models was then translated asinequality constraints (minimum and maximum of relative diet contributions) into aninverse analysis model of the seagrass ecosystem. We hypothesized that incorporatingthe diet information gained from the stable isotope mixing models would result in a moreconstrained food web model. In order to test this, two inverse food web models werebuilt to track the flow of carbon through the seagrass food web on an annual basis, withunits of mg C m-2 d-1. The first model (Traditional LIM) included all available data, withthe exception of the diet constraints formed from the stable isotope mixing models. Thesecond model (Isotope LIM) was identical to the Traditional LIM, but included the SIARdiet constraints. Both models were identical in structure, and intended to model the sameMarennes-Oléron intertidal seagrass bed. Each model consisted of 27 compartments (24living, 3 detrital) and 175 flows. Comparisons between the outputs of the models showedthe addition of the SIAR-derived isotopic diet constraints further constrained the solutionrange of all food web flows on average by 26%. Flows that were directly affected by anisotopic diet constraint were 45% further constrained on average. These resultsconfirmed our hypothesis that incorporation of the isotope information would result in amore constrained food web model, and demonstrated the benefit of utilizing multi-tracerstable isotope information in ecosystem models.
Published: 2013

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