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2. The Stirred Tank Reactor Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Author

Benziger, Jay, Chia, E., Karnas, E., Moxley, J., Teuscher, C., and Kevrekidis, I. G.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

The design and operation of a differential Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell is described. The fuel cell design is based on coupled Stirred Tank Reactors (STR); the gas phase in each reactor compartment was well mixed. The characteristic times for reactant flow, gas phase diffusion and reaction were chosen so that the gas compositions at both the anode and cathode are uniform. The STR PEM fuel cell is one-dimensional; the only spatial gradients are transverse to the membrane. The STR PEM fuel cell was employed to examine fuel cell start- up, and its dynamic responses to changes in load, temperature and reactant flow rates. Multiple time scales in systems response are found to correspond to water absorption by the membrane, water transport through the membrane and stress-related mechanical changes of the membrane., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures

Published
2003

3. Steady State Multiplicity in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Author

Chia, Ee-Sunn J., Benziger, Jay B., and Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.

Subjects
Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics
Abstract

A simplified differential reactor model that embodies the essential physics controlling PEM fuel cell (PEM-FC) dynamics is presented. A remarkable analogy exists between water management in the differential PEM-FC and energy balance in the classical exothermic stirred tank reactor. Water, the reaction product in the PEM-FC autocatalytically accelerates the reaction rate by enhancing proton transport through the PEM. Established analyses of heat autocatalyticity in a CSTR are modified to present water management autocatalyticity in a stirred tank reactor PEM-FC., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2003

18. Improved geoneutrinos observation with Borexino detector

Author

Basilico, Davide, primary, Agostini, Matteo, additional, Altenmuller, Konrad, additional, Appel, Simon, additional, Atroshchenko, Victor, additional, Bagdasarian, Zara, additional, Bellini, Gianpaolo, additional, Benziger, Jay, additional, Biondi, Riccardo, additional, Bravo, David, additional, Caccianiga, Barbara, additional, Calaprice, Frank, additional, Caminata, Alessio, additional, Cavalcante, Paolo, additional, Chepurnov, Alexander, additional, D'Angelo, Davide, additional, Davini, Stefano, additional, Derbin, Alexander, additional, Di Giacinto, Attilio, additional, Di Marcello, Valentino, additional, Ding, Xuefeng, additional, Di Ludovico, Antonio, additional, Di noto, Lea, additional, Drachnev, Ilia, additional, Formozov, Andrey, additional, Franco, Davide, additional, Galbiati, Cristiano, additional, Ghiano, Chiara, additional, Giammarchi, Marco, additional, Goretti, Augusto, additional, Gottel, Alexander, additional, Gromov, Maxim, additional, Guffanti, Daniele, additional, Ianni, Aldo, additional, Ianni, Andrea, additional, Jany, Anna, additional, Jeschke, Dominik, additional, Kobychev, Vladislav, additional, Korga, Gyorgy, additional, Kumaran, Sindhujha, additional, Laubenstein, Matthias, additional, Litvinovich, Evgeny, additional, Lombardi, Paolo, additional, Lomskaya, Ira, additional, Ludhova, Livia, additional, Lukyanchenko, Georgy, additional, Lukyanchenko, Liudmila, additional, Machulin, Igor, additional, Martyn, Johann, additional, Meroni, Emanuela, additional, Meyer, Mikko, additional, Miramonti, Lino, additional, Misiaszek, Marcin, additional, Muratova, Valentina, additional, Neumair, Birgit, additional, Nieslony, Michael, additional, Nugmanov, Radik, additional, Oberauer, Lothar, additional, Orekhov, Vsevolod, additional, Ortica, Fausto, additional, Pallavicini, Marco, additional, Papp, Laszlo, additional, Pelicci, Luca, additional, Penek, Omer, additional, Pietrofaccia, Lidio, additional, Pilipenko, Nelly, additional, Pocar, Andrea, additional, Raikov, Georgy, additional, Ranalli, Maria Teresa, additional, Ranucci, Gioacchino, additional, Razeto, Alessandro, additional, Re, Alessandra Carlotta, additional, Redchuk, Mariia, additional, Romani, Aldo, additional, Rossi, Nicola, additional, Schönert, Stefan, additional, Semenov, Dmitrii, additional, Settanta, Giulio, additional, Skorokhvatov, Mikhail, additional, Singhal, Apeksha, additional, Smirnov, Oleg, additional, Sotnikov, Albert, additional, Suvorov, Yura, additional, Tartaglia, Roberto, additional, Testera, Gemma, additional, Thurn, Jan, additional, Unzhakov, Evgenii, additional, Villante, Francesco, additional, Vishneva, Alina, additional, Vogelaar, Bruce, additional, von Feilitzsch, Franz, additional, Wojcik, Marcin, additional, Wurm, Michael, additional, Zavatarelli, Sandra, additional, Zuber, Kai, additional, and Zuzel, Grzegorz, additional

Published
2022
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22. Comprehensive measurement of pp-chain solar neutrinos with Borexino

Author

Redchuk, Mariia, primary, Agostini, Matteo, additional, Altenmueller, Konrad, additional, Appel, Simon, additional, Atroshchenko, Victor, additional, Bagdasarian, Zara, additional, Basilico, Davide, additional, Bellini, Gianpaolo, additional, Benziger, Jay, additional, Bick, Daniel, additional, Bonfini, Giuseppe, additional, Bravo, David, additional, Caccianiga, Barbara, additional, Calaprice, Frank, additional, Caminata, Alessio, additional, Cappelli, Luigi, additional, Cavalcante, Paolo, additional, Cavanna, Francesca, additional, Chepurnov, Alexander, additional, Choi, Koun, additional, D'Angelo, Davide, additional, Davini, Stefano, additional, Derbin, Alexander, additional, Di Giacinto, Attilio, additional, Di Marcello, Valentino, additional, Ding, XueFeng, additional, Di Ludovico, Antonio, additional, Di noto, Lea, additional, Drachnev, Ilia, additional, Fomenko, Kirill, additional, Formozov, Andrey, additional, Franco, Davide, additional, Gabriele, Federico, additional, Galbiati, Cristiano, additional, Gschwender, Michael, additional, Ghiano, Chiara, additional, Giammarchi, Marco, additional, Goretti, Augusto, additional, Gromov, Maxim, additional, Guffanti, Daniele, additional, Hagner, Caren, additional, Hungerford, Ed, additional, Ianni, Aldo, additional, Ianni, Andrea, additional, Jany, Anna, additional, Jeschke, Dominik, additional, Kobychev, Vladislav, additional, Korga, Gyorgy, additional, Kumaran, Sindhujha, additional, Lachenmaier, Tobias, additional, Laubenstein, Matthias, additional, Litvinovich, Evgeny, additional, Lombardi, Paolo, additional, Lomskaya, Irina, additional, Ludhova, Livia, additional, Lukyanchenko, Georgy, additional, Lukyanchenko, Liudmila, additional, Machulin, Igor, additional, Manuzio, Giulio, additional, Marcocci, Simone, additional, Maricic, Jelena, additional, Martyn, Johann, additional, Meroni, Emanuela, additional, Meyer, Mikko, additional, Miramonti, Lino, additional, Misiaszek, Marcin, additional, Muratova, Valentina, additional, Neumair, Birgit, additional, Nieslony, Michael, additional, Oberauer, Lothar, additional, Orekhov, Vsevolod, additional, Ortica, Fausto, additional, Pallavicini, Marco, additional, Papp, Laszlo, additional, Penek, Omer, additional, Pietrofaccia, Lidio, additional, Pilipenko, Nelly, additional, Pocar, Andrea, additional, Raikov, Georgy, additional, Ranalli, Maria Teresa, additional, Ranucci, Gioacchino, additional, Razeto, Alessandro, additional, Re, Alessandra, additional, Romani, Aldo, additional, Rossi, Nicola, additional, Rottenanger, Sebastian, additional, Schönert, Stefan, additional, Semenov, Dmitrii, additional, Skorokhvatov, Mikhail, additional, Smirnov, Oleg, additional, Sotnikov, Albert, additional, Suvorov, Yura, additional, Tartaglia, Roberto, additional, Testera, Gemma, additional, Thurn, Jan, additional, Unzhakov, Evgenii, additional, Vishneva, Alina, additional, Vogelaar, Bruce, additional, von Feilitzsch, Franz, additional, Wojcik, Marcin, additional, Wurm, Michael, additional, Zaimidoroga, Oleg, additional, Zavatarelli, Sandra, additional, Zuber, Kai, additional, and Zuzel, Grzegorz, additional

Published
2020
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30. Solar Neutrinos Spectroscopy with Borexino Phase-II

Author

Miramonti, Lino, Agostini, Matteo, Altenmueller, Konrad, Appel, Simon, Atroshchenko, Victor, Bagdasarian, Zara, Basilico, Davide, Bellini, Gianpaolo, Benziger, Jay, Bick, Daniel, Bolognino, Irene, Bonfini, Giuseppe, Bravo, David, Caccianiga, Barbara, Calaprice, Frank, Caminata, Alessio, Caprioli, Silvia, Carlini, Marco, Cavalcante, Paolo, Cavanna, Francesca, Chepurnov, Alexander, Choi, Koun, Collica, Laura, Davini, Stefano, Derbin, Alexander, Ding, XueFeng, Di Ludovico, Antonio, Di Noto, Lea, Drachnev, Ilia, Fomenko, Kirill, Formozov, Andrey, Franco, Davide, Gabriele, Federico, Galbiati, Cristiano, Gschwender, Michael, Ghiano, Chiara, Giammarchi, Marco, Goretti, Augusto, Gromov, Maxim, Guffanti, Daniele, Hagner, Caren, Houdy, Thibaut, Hungerford, Ed V., Ianni, Aldo, Ianni, Andrea, Jany, Anna, Jeschke, Dominik, Kobychev, Vladislav, Korablev, Denis, Korga, Gyorgy, Lachenmaier, Tobias, Laubenstein, Matthias, Litvinovich, Evgeny, Lombardi, Francesco, Lombardi, Paolo, Ludhova, Livia, Lukyanchenko, Georgy, Lukyanchenko, Liudmila, Machulin, Igor, Manuzio, Giulio, Marcocci, Simone, Maricic, Jelena, Martyn, Johann, Meroni, Emanuela, Meyer, Mikko, Misiaszek, Marcin, Muratova, Valentina, Neumair, Birgit, Oberauer, Lothar, Opitz, Bjoern, Orekhov, Vsevolod, Ortica, Fausto, Pallavicini, Marco, Papp, Laszlo, Penek, Omer, Pietrofaccia, Lidio, Pilipenko, Nelly, Pocar, Andrea, Porcelli, Alessio, Raikov, Georgy, Ranucci, Gioacchino, Razeto, Alessandro, Re, Alessandra, Redchuk, Mariia, Romani, Aldo, Rossi, Nicola, Rottenanger, Sebastian, Schöenert, Stefan, Semenov, Dmitrii, Skorokhvatov, Mikhail D., Smirnov, Oleg, Sotnikov, Albert, Stokes, Lee F. F., Suvorov, Yura, Tartaglia, Roberto, Testera, Gemma, Thurn, Jan, Toropova, Maria, Unzhakov, Evgenii, Vishneva, Alina, Vogelaar, R. Bruce, von Feilitzsch, Franz, Weinz, Stefan, Wojcik, Marcin, Wurm, Michael, Yokley, Zachary, Zaimidoroga, Oleg, Zavatarelli, Sandra, Zuber, Kai, Zuzel, Grzegorz, and Physics

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, solar neutrinos, Computer Science::Programming Languages, High Energy Physics::Experiment, neutrino oscillation, Borexino
Abstract

Solar neutrinos have played a central role in the discovery of the neutrino oscillation mechanism. They still are proving to be a unique tool to help investigate the fusion reactions that power stars and further probe basic neutrino properties. The Borexino neutrino observatory has been operationally acquiring data at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy since 2007. Its main goal is the real-time study of low energy neutrinos (solar or originated elsewhere, such as geo-neutrinos). The latest analysis of experimental data, taken during the so-called Borexino Phase-II (2011-present), will be showcased in this talk—yielding new high-precision, simultaneous wide band flux measurements of the four main solar neutrino components belonging to the “pp” fusion chain (pp, pep, 7 Be, 8 B), as well as upper limits on the remaining two solar neutrino fluxes (CNO and hep). Published version

Published
2018

32. Solar Neutrinos Spectroscopy with Borexino Phase-II

Author

Miramonti, Lino, primary, Agostini, Matteo, additional, Altenmueller, Konrad, additional, Appel, Simon, additional, Atroshchenko, Victor, additional, Bagdasarian, Zara, additional, Basilico, Davide, additional, Bellini, Gianpaolo, additional, Benziger, Jay, additional, Bick, Daniel, additional, Bolognino, Irene, additional, Bonfini, Giuseppe, additional, Bravo, David, additional, Caccianiga, Barbara, additional, Calaprice, Frank, additional, Caminata, Alessio, additional, Caprioli, Silvia, additional, Carlini, Marco, additional, Cavalcante, Paolo, additional, Cavanna, Francesca, additional, Chepurnov, Alexander, additional, Choi, Koun, additional, Collica, Laura, additional, Davini, Stefano, additional, Derbin, Alexander, additional, Ding, XueFeng, additional, Di Ludovico, Antonio, additional, Di Noto, Lea, additional, Drachnev, Ilia, additional, Fomenko, Kirill, additional, Formozov, Andrey, additional, Franco, Davide, additional, Gabriele, Federico, additional, Galbiati, Cristiano, additional, Gschwender, Michael, additional, Ghiano, Chiara, additional, Giammarchi, Marco, additional, Goretti, Augusto, additional, Gromov, Maxim, additional, Guffanti, Daniele, additional, Hagner, Caren, additional, Houdy, Thibaut, additional, Hungerford, Ed, additional, Ianni, Aldo, additional, Ianni, Andrea, additional, Jany, Anna, additional, Jeschke, Dominik, additional, Kobychev, Vladislav, additional, Korablev, Denis, additional, Korga, Gyorgy, additional, Lachenmaier, Tobias, additional, Laubenstein, Matthias, additional, Litvinovich, Evgeny, additional, Lombardi, Francesco, additional, Lombardi, Paolo, additional, Ludhova, Livia, additional, Lukyanchenko, Georgy, additional, Lukyanchenko, Liudmila, additional, Machulin, Igor, additional, Manuzio, Giulio, additional, Marcocci, Simone, additional, Maricic, Jelena, additional, Martyn, Johann, additional, Meroni, Emanuela, additional, Meyer, Mikko, additional, Misiaszek, Marcin, additional, Muratova, Valentina, additional, Neumair, Birgit, additional, Oberauer, Lothar, additional, Opitz, Bjoern, additional, Orekhov, Vsevolod, additional, Ortica, Fausto, additional, Pallavicini, Marco, additional, Papp, Laszlo, additional, Penek, Omer, additional, Pietrofaccia, Lidio, additional, Pilipenko, Nelly, additional, Pocar, Andrea, additional, Porcelli, Alessio, additional, Raikov, Georgy, additional, Ranucci, Gioacchino, additional, Razeto, Alessandro, additional, Re, Alessandra, additional, Redchuk, Mariia, additional, Romani, Aldo, additional, Rossi, Nicola, additional, Rottenanger, Sebastian, additional, Schöenert, Stefan, additional, Semenov, Dmitrii, additional, Skorokhvatov, Mikhail, additional, Smirnov, Oleg, additional, Sotnikov, Albert, additional, Stokes, Lee, additional, Suvorov, Yura, additional, Tartaglia, Roberto, additional, Testera, Gemma, additional, Thurn, Jan, additional, Toropova, Maria, additional, Unzhakov, Evgenii, additional, Vishneva, Alina, additional, Vogelaar, Bruce, additional, von Feilitzsch, Franz, additional, Weinz, Stefan, additional, Wojcik, Marcin, additional, Wurm, Michael, additional, Yokley, Zachary, additional, Zaimidoroga, Oleg, additional, Zavatarelli, Sandra, additional, Zuber, Kai, additional, and Zuzel, Grzegorz, additional

Published
2018
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33. Exciton diffusion lengths of organic semiconductor thin films measured by spectrally resolved photoluminescence quenching.

Author

Lunt, Richard R., Giebink, Noel C., Belak, Anna A., Benziger, Jay B., and Forrest, Stephen R.

Subjects
ORGANIC semiconductors, THIN films, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, DIFFUSION, CLUSTERING of particles, ANISOTROPY, POLYCRYSTALS
Abstract

We demonstrate spectrally resolved photoluminescence quenching as a means to determine the exciton diffusion length of several archetype organic semiconductors used in thin film devices. We show that aggregation and crystal orientation influence the anisotropy of the diffusion length for vacuum-deposited polycrystalline films. The measurement of the singlet diffusion lengths is found to be in agreement with diffusion by Förster transfer, whereas triplet diffusion occurs primarily via Dexter transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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34. Direct mask-free patterning of molecular organic semiconductors using organic vapor jet printing.

Author

Shtein, Max, Peumans, Peter, Benziger, Jay B., and Forrest, Stephen R.

Subjects
ORGANIC semiconductors, MONTE Carlo method, ELECTRONIC circuits, PENTACENE, THIN films, EXCITON theory, SOLID state electronics
Abstract

We demonstrate the solvent-free, high-resolution direct printing of molecular organic semiconductors for use in low cost optoelectronic applications. In this method, called organic vapor jet printing, hot inert carrier gas picks up the molecular organic vapor and expands it through a microscopic nozzle, resulting in physisorption of the molecules onto a cooled substrate. Pattern resolution and printing speed are determined by the nozzle shape, nozzle-to-substrate distance, downstream pressure, and molecular mass of the carrier gas. Quantitative models are developed using a combination of scaling analysis, direct simulation Monte Carlo modeling, and printing experiments. Pattern resolutions of up to 1000 dpi and local deposition rates exceeding 2300 Å/s are achieved. Pentacene channel thin film transistors are printed at a local deposition rate of 700 Å/s at both low and atmospheric pressures, resulting in a field-effect mobility of 0.25 cm2/Vs and a current on/off ratio of 7×105 for devices grown at a background pressure of 0.24 Torr. The high directionality of the molecular jets and well-defined shape of the deposits enables combinatorial printing of structures and devices, while affording considerable control over film morphology. The method is also readily applicable to document printing using solvent-free inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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35. Micropatterning of small molecular weight organic semiconductor thin films using organic vapor phase deposition.

Author

Shtein, Max, Peumans, Peter, Benziger, Jay B., and Forrest, Stephen R.

Subjects
THIN films, ORGANIC semiconductors, MOLECULAR weights
Abstract

Using both analytical and experimental methods, we show that micron scale patterned growth of small molecular weight organic semiconductor thin films can be achieved by the recently demonstrated process of organic vapor phase deposition (OVPD). In contrast to the conventional process of vacuum thermal evaporation, the background gas pressure during OVPD is typically 0.1-10 Torr, resulting in a molecular mean free path (mfp) of from 100 to 1 µm, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations of film growth through apertures at these gas densities indicate that when the mfp is on the order of the mask-to-substrate separation, deposit edges can become diffuse. The simulations and deposition experiments discussed here indicate that the deposited feature shape is controlled by the mfp, the aperture geometry, and the mask-to-substrate separation. Carefully selected process conditions and mask geometries can result in features as small as 1 µm. Furthermore, based on continuum and stochastic models of molecular transport in confined geometries, we propose the in situ direct patterning growth technique of organic vapor jet printing. The high pattern definition obtained by OVPD makes this process attractive for the growth of a wide range of structures employed in modern organic electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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36. Material transport regimes and mechanisms for growth of molecular organic thin films using low-pressure organic vapor phase deposition.

Author

Shtein, Max, Gossenberger, Herman F., Benziger, Jay B., and Forrest, Stephen R.

Subjects
CHEMICAL vapor deposition, THIN films
Abstract

We determine the physical mechanisms controlling the growth of amorphous organic thin films by the process of low-pressure organic vapor phase deposition (LP-OVPD). In LP-OVPD, multiple host and dopant molecular sources are introduced into a hot wall reactor via several injection barrels using an inert carrier gas, allowing for controlled film growth rates exceeding 10 Å/s. The temperature and carrier flow rate for each source can be independently regulated, allowing considerable control over dopant concentration, deposition rate, and thickness uniformity of the thin films. The rate of film deposition is limited either by the rate of condensation on the substrate or by the rate of supply from the source. The source-limited regime can be further classified into equilibrium or kinetically limited evaporation, coupled to convection- or diffusion-limited deposition. Models are developed to relate the rate of film growth to source and substrate temperature, and carrier gas flow rate. These models characterize and predict the performance of the LP-OVPD system used to grow high performance organic light emitting devices. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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42. The importance of interstitial gas expansion in infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of powders.

Author

McGovern, Stephen J., Royce, Barrie S. H., and Benziger, Jay B.

Subjects
PHOTOACOUSTIC spectroscopy, POWDERS, SIGNAL generators
Abstract

Examines the modes of photoacoustic signal generation from highly porous powders by model calculations and experiments. Attenuation of pressure mode of signal generation; Contribution of the expansion of the interstitial gas to the photoacoustic signal; Evaluation of thermal term in the photoacoustic signal.

Published
1985
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43. Material transport regimes and mechanisms for growth of molecular organic thin films using low-pressure organic vapor phase deposition

Author

Shiten, Max, Gossenberger, Herman F., Benziger, Jay B., and Forrest, Stehen R.

Subjects
Vapor-plating -- Research, Light-emitting diodes -- Research, Dielectric films -- Research, Thin films -- Research, Physics
Abstract

The physical mechanisms controlling the growth of amorphous organic thin films by the process of low-pressure organic vapor phase deposition (LP-OVPD) are presented. Models developed to relate the rate of film growth to source and substrate temperature and carrier gas flow rate characterize the performance of the LP-OVPD system used to grow high performance organic light emitting devices.

Published
2001

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