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Objective: The well-accepted hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease (AD) emphasizes the role of the cholinergic system in the disease. Therefore, the design and development of selective AChE inhibitors have been considered a promising strategy for AD treatment. Dihydropyrimidin-2-one is a privileged heterocyclic scaffold with a wide range of biological activities. Methods: Our initial docking studies indicated that substitution at the para position of the C4 aryl in the DHPM ring could interact with the gorge of the active site. Accordingly, we designed and synthesized eight DHPM derivatives to test the hypothesis. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that the DHPM with a benzothiazolyl carbamyl moiety at C5 and an OCF3 group at the para position of the C4 aryl ring was the most potent inhibitor. The propargyloxy group was less potent than the OCF3 group but had the same ligand efficiency. Conclusions: Introducing electron-rich substitutions of proper size increased activity, but the ligand efficiency remained constant. In silico studies revealed that the para substitution of the aryl ring interacted with the gorge residues in the R-enantiomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To search new antifungal compounds for effectively controling vital plant diseases, we designed and synthesized series of N -acyl and acylthiourea of substituted 2-amino-1,3-benzothiazole. Methods: The in vitro antifungal activities of the target compounds were screened against the mycelium growth rate of Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea. The in vivo antifungal activities were evaluated on grape fruit against B. cinerea. Microscopic inspection and electrical conductivity detection were used to explore the effects of screened compound on the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Results: The results showed that the most active compounds against V. mali were A12 and B9, while the most active compounds against B. cinerea were B9 and B10. Structure activity relationship (SAR) indicates that 6-NO2 on benzothiazole ring and electron withdrawing substitutes (-NO2, -CF3) on the aryl ring of acyl group are benefical to the activity of benzothiazole acylthiourea. Meanwhile, compounds B9 and B10 exhibited 80%–95% control effects on grape fruit against B. cinerea at 200 μg/mL. Compound B9 could destroy the structure of mycelium by increasing the permeability of cell membrane to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea. Conclusions: The structure activity relationship and the action mechanism of the title compounds are helpful to design new fungicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of new compounds by combining 2-aminobenzothiazole with various profens. The compounds were characterized using techniques such as 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with detailed HRMS analysis conducted for each molecule. Their biological activities were tested in vitro, revealing significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, comparable to those of standard reference compounds. Lipophilicity was experimentally determined through partition coefficient (RM) measurements. To understand their binding affinity, molecular docking studies were perfsormed to analyze interactions with human serum albumin (HSA). The stability of these predicted complexes was further evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations. The results highlight the compounds' promising biological activity and strong affinity for HSA. The new hybrid molecule between 2-ABT and ketoprofen 3b demonstrates significant promise based on the experimental data and is further supported by in silico calculations. Compound 3b exhibits the best hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity among the tested compounds, with an IC50 of 60.24 μg/mL. Furthermore, 3b also displays superior anti-inflammatory activity, with an IC50 of 54.64 μg/mL, making it more effective than the standard ibuprofen (76.05 μg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ABSTRACT Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions 2‐(Thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (TCMTB) is a fungicide product widely used in the leather industry, particularly since the 1990s. However, reports of allergic contact dermatitis triggered by this chemical are scarce.To investigate three cases of dermatitis following contact with leather products, possibly related to TCMTB.Three female patients, aged 33–53, were referred with suspected allergic contact dermatitis related to leather products. Two patients presented with dermatitis on the feet, while one patient had dermatitis on the back and thighs. All patients were patch‐tested with the European baseline series, a shoe series, TMCTB (0.1% pet), and scrapings from their personal leather products.All patients showed reactions to the scrapings from their personal products (+ to ++) and to TCMTB (++ to +++). Additionally, one patient was sensitised to mercapto mix and mercaptobenzothiazole (both ++), while another reacted to chromium (++), cobalt (+), 4‐tert‐butylphenol‐formaldehyde resin (+) and colophonium (++). All patients were advised to avoid TCMTB and to be cautious with leather, synthetic leather, and varnished wood.If contact dermatitis related to leather exposure is suspected, patch testing with TCMTB 0.1% pet should be included, as it might be the only positive finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical oxidation of Zn(II) 2,7,12,17‐tetra‐tert‐butylporphyrin in the presence of a series of azole derivatives (1‐methylimidazole, 1‐vinyl‐1H‐imidazole, 2‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)pyridine, 1‐methylbenzimidazole, 1‐methyl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole, and benzothiazole) affords the corresponding meso‐substituted azolium‐porphyrins in very mild conditions and good yields. It was found that these nucleophiles were strongly ligated to the zinc(II) azolium‐porphyrin complexes. Thus a demetalation/remetalation procedure was performed to recover the non‐azole‐coordinated zinc(II) complexes. X‐ray crystallographic structures of three azolium‐porphyrins were solved. Cyclic voltammetry analyses provided insight into the electron‐withdrawing effect of the azolium substituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the reductive difluoromethylation of alkenes with 2‐difluoromethylthio(benzothiazole) under photocatalytic conditions is described. The reaction involves the generation of the difluoromethyl radical by means of trimethyltriazinane, which serves as a precursor for the strongly reducing cyclic diaminoalkyl radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied 2‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzothiazole and related derivatives for their photophysical properties in view of employing them as new and readily tunable organic photocatalysts. Their triplet energies were estimated by DFT calculations to be in the range of 52–57 kcal mol−1, suggesting their suitability for the [2+2] photocycloaddition of unsaturated acyl imidazoles with styrene derivatives. Experimental studies have shown that 2–(2–aminophenyl)benzothiazoles comprising alkylamino groups (NHMe, NHiPr) or the native amino group provide the best photocatalytic results in these visible‐light mediated [2+2] reactions without the need of any additives, yielding a range of cyclobutane derivatives. A combined experimental and theoretical approach has provided insights into the underlying triplet‐triplet energy transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and characterisation (UV-Vis, IR, HRESI-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies, electrochemistry) is reported of the novel title material (1: alternatively named rac-1-(2′-benzothiazolyl)-2-ferrocenyl-2-propanol): a rare example of a ferrocenyl-benzothiazole hybrid species. Compound 1 is produced by the low temperature reaction of acetylferrocene (3) with a solution of the methyl anion derived via the deprotonation of 2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazole. The yield of 1 is moderate (34%) after purification and is an air and thermally stable solid under ambient conditions. Attempts to sublime 1, however, result in decomposition with one of the products being identified (NMR) as 3. The spectroscopic features of 1 are presented. Attempts to obtain suitable crystalline material of 1 for a single crystal X-ray diffraction study were unfortunately unsuccessful. Compound 1 also does not form stable coordination complexes with various metal salts (e.g., Ni[2+], Co[2+], etc.) under the conditions tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of new quinolone–benzothiazole hybrids, the study of their aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties, and the use of these systems as efficient fluorescent probes for cyanide ions. These conjugated derivatives are linked through a double bond favoring electronic communication, and together with their planar geometry, can strongly aggregate under solvophobic environments, leading to aggregation and exhibiting significant AIE behavior. The double bond between electroactive units is prone to nucleophilic addition reactions by cyanide ions, selectively, conducive to turning off the fluorescence properties, making this hybrid system an efficient probe for cyanide ions. These studies were theoretically explained using DFT and TD-DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial effectiveness of a novel 5-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-[(E)-(phenylmethylidene)amino]-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol derivatives. Methods: Starting from 2-aminothiophenol, a series of novel benzothiazole tethered triazole compounds were synthesized using conventional multi-step reactions. The reaction conditions were optimized for yield. Characterization was performed using 1H, 13C NMR, IR, and mass spectrometry. To determine the antimicrobial activity, both the agar well diffusion method and micro broth dilution method were employed. Molecular docking was conducted with AutoDock Vina, and ADME analysis was performed using SwissADME. The evaluation of toxicity was carried out using ADMETlab 2.0. Results and Discussion: Compound with a 2-NO2 substitution showed potent antibacterial activity against E. coli, with an inhibition of 50 µg/mL, similar to the standard drug chloramphenicol. The derivatives containing 3-Br and thiophene substitutions exhibited excellent activity against P. aeruginosa, with an inhibition concentration of 50 µg/mL. Moreover, the compounds with substitutions of 4-Br, 2,4-F, 4-F, and thiophene showed notable antifungal activity against C. albicans at a concentration of 250 µg/mL, surpassing the effectiveness of the standard drug griseofulvin. The results of molecular docking indicated that the compounds possessing 2-NO2, 3-Br, and 2,4-F substitutions displayed the most potent binding affinities towards their target proteins. The ADMET properties of these compounds were thoroughly evaluated and confirmed their drug-like characteristics and pharmacokinetic viability. Conclusions: The results of the antimicrobial activity assays and molecular docking studies indicate that several of the synthesized compounds demonstrated potency equal to or exceeding that of standard drugs. Furthermore, the ADMET profiles of these compounds were favourable, suggesting good pharmacokinetic properties. These findings highlight the potential of the synthesized compounds as effective antimicrobial agents, warranting further investigation and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In treating the major metabolic disorder diabetes mellitus type-2, the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors play an effective role due to their vital capability of polysaccharide hydrolyzation. A well-known α-glucosidase inhibitor drug such as acarbose and miglitol can provide in vivo and in vitro efficacy against diabetes. Subsequently, these clinically approved drugs' long-term side effects and metabolic resistance can enhance the search for novel small molecule-based α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors to cure diabetes mellitus. In this present review, benzothiazole-based α-glucosidase inhibitors have been highlighted with their enriched structure-activity relationships containing the published research from (2013–2023), and we also discussed its in silico molecular docking mode of action. Most of the reported benzothiazole-based hybrids exhibited superior potency in vitro compared to approved drugs due to the vast probabilities of the chemical modifications and ligand-protein interactions with the benzothiazole ring. Moreover, significant hydrophobic target interactions, including π-π stacking, π-sulphur, π-cation, and π-anion, were observed during the entire study, which improved the inhibition target potency. The active target residues of α-glucosidase also developed sufficient binding pocket interaction with benzothiazole molecules and reduced the harmful effects. Hence, this study can provide a better understanding of the structural pattern with the in silico-based modification of benzothiazole scaffolds to improve current medication treatments for type-2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The indole nucleus stands out as a pharmacophore, among other aromatic heterocyclic compounds with remarkable therapeutic properties, such as benzimidazole, pyridine, quinoline, benzothiazole, and others. Moreover, a series of recent studies refer to strategies for the synthesis of bisindole derivatives, with various medicinal properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-Alzheimer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, etc. Also, a series of natural bisindole compounds are mentioned in the literature for their various biological properties and as a starting point in the synthesis of other related bisindoles. Drawing from these data, we have proposed in this review to provide an overview of the synthesis techniques and medicinal qualities of the bisindolic compounds that have been mentioned in recent literature from 2010 to 2024 as well as their numerous uses in the chemistry of materials, nanomaterials, dyes, polymers, and corrosion inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effect of benzothiadiazole (BTH) treatment on amino acid accumulation, degradation and metabolism during the growth of grape fruits, ‘Chardonnay’ grape berries at veraison were sprayed with BTH at 50 mg/L and plucked once every 10 d from the next day (60 d after flowering) until maturity (110 d after flowering). The contents of glucose, fructose, sucrose, organic acids and amino acids, as well as enzyme activities related to amino acid degradation and metabolism and the resulting aroma products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), an automatic amino acid analyzer and solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). The results showed that glutamic acid, arginine and proline were the major amino acids in ‘Chardonnay’ grape. BTH treatment promoted the accumulation of amino acids, inhibited the production of glucose, fructose and sucrose, increased the contents of tartaric acid and citric acid, and reduced the content of malic acid in mature grapes. Moreover, BTH treatment inhibited the production of free branched aliphatic aroma compounds, and enhanced the activities of aminotransferase (AT), alcohol acyltransferase (AAT), and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC). Meanwhile, it changed the correlation between total amino acids and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, and the correlation between AT and AAT activity and monosaccharides and organic acids content, which in turn affected the production of aroma substances from amino acid metabolism. These results provide theoretical guidance and a practical basis for the application of BTH in controlling grape quality.

Benzothiazole is an amazing small molecule involved in many applications in industrial and pharmaceutical industries to prepare many candidate compounds as effective drugs. In this study, we presented some derivatives of this compound that were prepared easily and quickly with the help of microwaves to minimize time, energy, and finances. The compounds’ cytotoxicity against the two cell lines SK-GT-4 and AMGM5 was examined. The cytotoxic effect of each compound at different concentrations was measured using the MTT assay. Compounds exhibited no potent cytotoxic effects toward the SK-GT-4 cell line. Compounds B1 and B2 had a high IC50 value and good growth inhibition activity against the AMGM5 cell line. According to in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion analysis (ADME) prediction studies, the compounds B1, B2, and B3 met Lipinski and were drug-like in most physicochemical parameters. Despite some violations, generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties. It is also assumed that it can potentially become a drug candidate in the future. Various electronic parameters were examined using DFT/WB97XD/6-31++G(d,p), and studies were conducted to support the experimental findings. To estimate the binding modes of compounds B1 and B5, we also performed in silico molecular docking studies.

We present a visible light-mediated dual C–H sulfenylation of imidazopyridines using thiocyanate salt as a sulfur source. This method achieves regioselective thiocyanation of imidazopyridines, which are subsequently converted to bis(imidazopyridine)disulfanes upon base treatment. The disulfides are further transformed into thioethers via nucleophilic attack of indoles, azaindole, benzothiazole, and additional imidazopyridines. The antioxidant properties of selected imidazopyridine derivatives were assessed using the DPPH assay, demonstrating notable potential for therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inhibitors of NQO2 (NRH: quinone oxidoreductase) have potential application in several areas of medicine and pharmacology, including cancer, neurodegeneration (PD and AD), stroke, and diabetes. Here, resveratrol, a known inhibitor of NQO2, was used as the lead by replacing the double bond in resveratrol with a benzothiazole scaffold. Fifty-five benzothiazoles were designed as NQO2 inhibitors and synthesized, comprising five benzothiazole series with 3,5-dimethoxy, 2,4-dimethoxy, 2,5-dimethoxy, 3,4-dimethoxy, and 3,4,5-trimethoxy substituents, the key synthetic step being a Jacobson cyclisation with the appropriate thiobenzamide. All compounds were evaluated in an NQO2 enzyme inhibition assay, with four compounds having IC50 values of <100 nM. The most active (IC50 25 nM) was 6-hydroxy-2-(3',5'-dihydroxyphenyl)benzo[d]thiazole (15), a good mimetic of resveratrol. Three of the 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzothiazole analogues, with 6-methoxy (40, IC50 51 nM), 6-amino (48, IC50 79 nM), and 6-acetamide (49, IC50 31 nM) substituents, were also potent inhibitors of NQO2. Computational modelling indicated the most active compounds exhibited good shape complementarity and polar interactions with the NQO2 active site. Through the inhibition of NQO2, benzothiazole-based compounds may have the potential to enhance the efficiency of cancer therapies or minimise oxidative damage in neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient I2‐promoted Povarov multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of 2,2′‐biquinolines or N‐heteroaromatic benzothiazole using 2‐methylquinoline or 2‐methylbenzo[d]thiazole, arylamines, and α‐ketoesters was developed. The methyl group of methyl aza‐arenes incorporated in the Povarov reaction via an iodination/Kornblum oxidation sequence. This method was achieved through a one‐pot two‐step process without the need for transition metals, demonstrating excellent scalability in synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the design, synthesis and characterization of a perylene diimide-hydroxyphenyl benzothiazole (BT-PDI) dyad as a new class for the formation of radical anion (BT-PDI˙−) and dianion (BT-PDI2−) in aqueous medium using H2S. We demonstrate the applications of BT-PDI˙− for (i) the detection of H2O2; (ii) the detection of glucose in blood serum using a biochemical assay and (iii) the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzothiazole derivatives, a class of heterocyclic compounds, hold significant relevance in medicinal chemistry, materials science, and agrochemicals due to their diverse biological activities and applications. The conventional synthetic routes often involve harsh conditions and generate significant waste, prompting the exploration of more sustainable approaches. This work offers a comprehensive analysis of the developments in the use of heterogeneous catalysts for the production of benzothiazole derivatives, covering research from 2013 onward. Compared to traditional techniques, heterogeneous catalysts provide improved sustainability, efficiency, and recyclability. The review covers many heterogeneous catalysts and discusses their selectivity, recyclability, and catalytic activity. The utilization of heterogeneous catalysts is noteworthy as it facilitates the synthesis process's overall sustainability by allowing for milder reaction conditions, less environmental effect, and easier catalyst separation and recovery. The potential of heterogeneous catalysis in promoting the production of benzothiazole derivatives and satisfying the increasing need for these substances in various industrial applications is also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzothiazole alkaloids are a class of rare heterocyclic alkaloids with unique structures and exhibit a wide range of biological activities. So, the aim of this work is to investigate structural diversity‐guided N‐S heterocyclic derivatives based on natural benzothiazole alkaloids as potential cytotoxic agents. Three series of novel benzothiazole derivatives, including 22 compounds, were designed and synthesized using pharmacophore hybridization, and their in vitro cytotoxic activities against Huh‐7 and A875 were fully evaluated. The results indicated that some of these benzothiazole derivatives had significantly good cytotoxic activities against two tested cell lines compared with the positive control 5‐fluorouracil, and other compounds 3f–3i displayed good selectivity between A875 and Huh‐7 cell lines, which might be used as promising lead molecule for discovery of novel benzothiazole‐type cytotoxic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-microbial resistance has emerged as the leading cause of death worldwide with the rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, the need for novel anti-microbials to treat serious illnesses has become a great necessity. Hence, in this study, we aimed to design and synthesize benzothiazole-coupled azetidinone derivatives (GD1-GD12) as novel antibacterial agents. The synthesized compounds were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activities of these compounds were tested against antibiotic-susceptible and MDR strains of bacteria. In addition, we performed ADME profiling, molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations, principle component analysis, dynamic cross-correlation map and free-energy landscape to assess the binding of synthesized compounds with the β -lactamase. Among the synthesized compounds GD6 and GD5 displayed minimum inhibitory concentrations of 12.5 μ g/mL and 50 μ g/mL against MDR strains of E. coli; more effective than standard. The molecular docking of designed molecules was performed against μ -lactamase enzyme and the stability of the complex was vali-dated. The pharmacokinetic profile displayed the compounds to possess druggable properties within the suitable ranges. The in silico approach displayed compound GD6 to be stable with β -lactamase enzyme; indicating the mechanism for these compounds to be via inhibition of β -lactamase. The novel anti-microbial compounds assessed against susceptible and MDR strains of bacteria possess antibacterial potential via the inhibition of β -lactamase. The aforementioned data will be crucial to the development of novel broad-spectrum antibacterial compounds. A novel method was used to design the ligands: Benzothiazole-coupled azetidinone (GD1-12). Their binding affinity and stability to the β -lactamase enzyme inhibitor (3FV7) were assessed using molecular docking and dynamics. Subsequently, compounds (GD1-12) were synthesized, purified, characterized, and tested for antimicrobial activity. Among all the compounds, GD6 exhibited promising antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article demonstrates the regioselective synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of eighteen novel pyrazolo‐benzothiazole hybrid molecules 5a–5r. We have utilized β,β‐ditosyloxy ketone protocol to synthesize these hybrid molecules. The synthesized compounds were tested for their in‐vitro antiproliferative activities using MTT assay against breast cancer (MCF‐7), cervical cancer (HeLa), and Lung cancer (A549) cell lines. Hybrid molecules 5a, 5m, 5n, and 5o with IC50 values of 0.359 mM, 0.051 mM, 0.079 mM, and 0.259 mM respectively exhibited admirable growth inhibitory properties against MCF‐7 cancer cells which are even better than reference carboplatin drug having IC50 (0.439 mM). Compound 5k with IC50 value of 0.765 mM was found to be the most potent antiproliferative agent for the HeLa cancer cells. Moreover, hybrid molecule 5f with IC50 value of 0.706 mM exhibited better inhibitory activity against A549 cancer cells in comparison to the reference carboplatin drug having IC50 (0.805 mM). The mechanism of cellular toxicity was studied using the Annexin V‐FITC/PI double staining method and cell cycle assay. Molecular docking studies for all the synthesized compounds have also been performed in the binding pocket of VEGFR2 sites (PDB code: 4ASD). Finally, the ADMET profile of the potent molecules was investigated to predict their drug‐likeness behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pickling process and acidizing program for oil wells, the acidic corrosion of metals is a problem that needs to be addressed. Various acid corrosion inhibitors have been studied and used to mitigate the acidic corrosion of carbon steel. In this paper, the corrosion inhibition of 2‐aminobenzothiazole (2 N‐BT), 2‐amino‐4‐hydroxybenzothiazole (2 N4O‐BT), and 2‐amino‐6‐hydroxybenzothiazole (2 N6O‐BT) on carbon steel in 0.5 mol/L HCl was investigated using electrochemical and quantum chemical methods. All three molecules exhibited corrosion inhibition effects. Compared to 2 N‐BT, 2 N4O‐BT and 2 N6O‐BT showed less sensitivity to the environmental conditions and the surface state of the metal. Among them, 0.0010 mol/L 2 N6O‐BT demonstrated the highest and most persistent corrosion inhibition, exhibiting a mixed inhibition mechanism with cathodic inhibition dominance. The adsorption of 2 N6O‐BT on the carbon steel surface was found to be non‐uniform, preferentially adsorbing at certain active sites on the surface, following Freundlich‐Langmuir thermodynamic characteristics. It showed initial strongly adsorbed points and weakly adsorbed regions. With continued adsorption of 2 N6O‐BT, the differences between strongly adsorbed points and weakly adsorbed regions decreased. The introduction of hydroxyl groups, especially in 2 N6O‐BT, extended the negative potential region and enhanced the coordination activity of the molecule, generating the orbital distribution that was advantageous to flat adsorption and the formation of feedback bonds. This provided a molecular structural basis for the excellent corrosion inhibition properties of 2 N6O‐BT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of unsubstituted α-nitrocinnamic nitrile with 1-methylpyrrole ends with the formation of an AdN product, whereas the reactions of 2-aryl-2-nitroacrylonitriles with such N,N- and N,S-binucleophiles as hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, and o-aminothiophenol lead to transformation products of the initially formed adducts, linear azines and phenylhydrazones, or to a heterocyclic benzothiazole structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains thereby calls for effective target identification and new chemical entities. For this study a bacterial enzyme essential to DNA relaxation in processes of replication and transcription, E. coli Topoisomerase I was targeted. As the members of a versatile series of compounds with broad-spectrum biological activities, Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole derivatives were screened for their inhibitory potentials through molecular docking and ADMET predictions. Molecular docking analysis revealed good binding interaction of the selected compounds with the enzyme active site, with docking scores of -8.11 to -8.86. These factors explained their high binding factors; by structural features including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. ADMET analysis confirmed these compounds to be drug like because they exhibited good Absorption, low toxicity and good pharmacokinetics. Based on the compounds examined in the present study, DM–BTZ can be regarded to be the most promising owing to a combination of a moderate and favorable pharmacokinetic profile, low toxicity and favorable permeability indices. The results therefore confirm the possibility of utilizing Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole derivatives as inhibitors of E. coli Topoisomerase I and prospects future studies on this topic towards the synthesis of new antibacterial agents. These are preliminary findings that can be template for future studies and validations to reduce the concern of antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and photophysical properties of a novel pyrimido fused benzothiazole-tetraphenylethene (TPE-1) chromophore, incorporating both electron-donating (-SCH3) and electron-withdrawing (-CN) groups, are reported. TPE-1 exhibits aggregation-induced emission (AIE), mechanochromic, and electrochemical characteristics. The recognition behavior of TPE-1 towards various metal cations is investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. TPE-1 shows a selective and sensitive response towards ferric (Fe3+) ion over other tested cations in DMSO: water (90:10, v/v ratio) with a limit of detection of 102 nM. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) plot displays dynamic and static quenching of TPE-1 with the addition of Fe3+ ions. Computational studies have been performed to demonstrate the binding mode of TPE-1 towards Fe3+ ions. Most importantly, the application of TPE-1 in the detection of Fe3+ ions in various water sources showcases its promising utility in environmental monitoring and pollution control, underscoring its potential for substantial contributions to environmental chemistry and sensor technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the course of three decades, benzimidazole as well as benzothiazole and its derivatives have been extensively investigated in oligo‐nucleotide therapy for their properties. These derivatives serve as valuable building blocks for creating pharmaceutical and biologically active molecules. With applications ranging across various therapeutic domains, including antiulcer, anticancer, and anthelmintic treatments, substituted benzimidazole/ benzothiazole derivatives have proven their versatility. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in benzimidazole/ benzothiazole‐based compounds within medicinal chemistry. These compounds exhibit diverse pharmacological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, anti‐HIV, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, antihistaminic, antimalarial properties, among others. By presenting insights into the substitution patterns around the benzimidazole/benzothiazole nucleus, this review aims to assist medicinal chemists in developing structure–activity relationships (SAR) for benzimidazole/benzothiazole‐based drugs and compounds, thereby aiding in the advancement of medicinal research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurodegenerative disorders are caused by the progressive death of neuronal cells in specific regions of the brain and spinal cord. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The inhibition of enzymes that metabolise neurotransmitter amines is an important approach in the treatment of these disorders and monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitors have thus been used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Inhibitors of the MAO-A isoform, in turn, are used clinically for the treatment of affective (e.g., major depression) and anxiety disorders. Recent studies have shown that benzothiazole derivatives act as potent MAO inhibitors. Based on these findings, the present study group synthesised thirteen 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazole derivatives and evaluated their in vitro MAO inhibition properties. The results showed that the benzothiazole derivatives were potent and selective inhibitors of human MAO-B, with all compounds exhibiting IC50 values < 0.017 µM. The most potent MAO-B inhibitor (4d) had an IC50 value of 0.0046 µM, while the most potent MAO-A inhibitor (5e) had an IC50 value of 0.132 µM. It may be concluded that active benzothiazole derivatives may serve as potential leads for the development of MAO inhibitors for the treatment of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterocyclic compounds play an important role in industries with their wide applications. Several heterocyclic compounds are used as medicine in different therapeutic targets. Substituted-1, 3-benzothiazoles are one of the important classes of bicyclic heterocompounds. These moieties serve as unique and versatile scaffolds for experimental drug design. 1,3-Benzothiazole derivatives have attracted considerable attention in synthetic as well as pharmaceutical chemistry, because of their potent and significant pharmacological activities, some substituted amino benzothiazoles have been synthesized from 2,4-dimethylaniline by utilizing industrial waste (Mixture of NaCl and NaBr) for ring cyclization. The prepared derivates are characterized by FTIR, 1HNMR, and mass spectra. The synthesized compounds are characterized by spectral analysis and their biological activities were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient I2 (10 mmol %)/H2O2 mediated oxidative formal [4+1] cyclization of 2‐pyridinemethylamine or o‐phenylenediamine (2‐aminobenzenethiol) with benzaldehyde via C−N bond formation has been developed. This strategy provides a straightforward approach to imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines, iodo‐substituted imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines and benzimidazole (benzothiazole) derivatives in yields ranging from 60 % to 98 %, respectively. Several heterocyclic products exhibit promising blue luminous performance with satisfactory fluorescence quantum yields of up to 64 %, large Stokes shifts, and a longer lifetime (7.35 ns). The band gap energies obtained from DFT are also consistent with the absorption spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanoconfinement effect plays an important role in chemical reactions. Inspired by enzymes, this work presents a new way to conduct the rapid flow synthesis of benzothiazoles in the two-dimensional (2D) nanoconfined space created by a graphene oxide membrane. The conversion reaches 96.7% in a short reaction time of less than 23 s at 22 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported here is the iridium-catalyzed regio- and enantio-selective secondary benzylic C–H borylation using benzothiazole as the directing group. Various monosubstituted 2-arylalkylbenzo[ d ]thiazole were well-tolerated, affording the corresponding products in moderate to good yields with good enantioselectivity. The C–B bond in one boryl-ated product could undergo stereospecific transformations to form a series of C–C and C–heteroatom bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzazoles, such as benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles, are compounds with important biological and pharmacological activities and important intermediaries in synthesis. This report presents the synthesis of a butanamide derived from linking 5-chloro-2-aminobenzoxazole and 2-aminobenzothiazole via 4-chlorobutanoyl chloride. The corresponding compound N-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-4-((5-chlorobenzoxazol-2-yl)aminobutanamide was obtained at a 76% global yield using accessible starting materials and a methodology in two reaction steps. Furthermore, we conducted docking studies of this compound on 3-TOP protein to explore its potential as an antidiabetic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]