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In our previous work, the addition of benzyl methacrylate-methacrylate copolymers (MB-R1MC, R1 = C12, C14, C16, C18) could effectively improve the cold flow property of diesel fuel. To further impr...

The static and dynamic properties of a range of molecular weights (2 × 104 to 1.6 × 105 g/mol) of poly(benzyl methacrylate) have been assessed in four different imidazolium- and pyrrolidinium-based...

The addition of benzyl methacrylate–methacrylate copolymers to diesel significantly improves its cold flow properties, but it is always limited by a large dosage. To improve the depressing efficien...

Allyl trimethylsiloxybutyl ether (ATE) and 3-(trimethylsiloxy) benzylmethacrylate (TBM), tow novel silane involving monomers were successfully synthesized. Then, by in situ intercalative emulsion p...

12-(cis-5-Norbornene-exo-2,3-dicarboximido)dodecanoate pentafluorophenyl ester (exo-NBC12-PFP) was used as a norbornene-substituted end-capping terminator of living anionic polymers. Polystyrene wi...

Polymerization was carried out using the method of radiation initiation, for which benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and isodecyl methacrylate (IDMA) were treated with a beam of accelerated electrons. It is shown that to obtain highly filled compositions, the most suitable method is the alternation of heating-cooling cycles with the gradual introduction of material particles. Tungsten composites were obtained with a calculated density in the range from 3 to 6.8 g / cm3. The absence of percolation conductivity in coatings with tungsten was found. Peel adhesion of the composite coating to the surface was 1 ± 0.3·10-1 MPa with volume fraction of tungsten more than 30%.

Block copolymer worm stabilization via cross-linking during polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is challenging. This is because block copolymer worms typically occupy a narrow regime in the phase diagram, and in situ cross-linking may hinder a morphological transition from sphere to worm. In this work, in situ cross-linking of block copolymer worms during PISA was studied using three different asymmetric cross-linkers, each bearing a pair of double bonds with different reactivities. Specifically, ethanolic PISA syntheses targeting poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer worms were investigated in the presence of vinyl methacrylate, allyl methacrylate, or 4-allyloxybenzyl methacrylate. The copolymerizations of benzyl methacrylate with the asymmetric cross-linkers underwent progressive branching to finally cross-linking of the block copolymer worms. While all the three asymmetric cross-linkers were able to cross-link worms, 4-allyloxybenzyl methacrylat...

Polymeric microspheres (MSs) have broad applications. Poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA) have various important applications, such as optical materials, electrochromatography, and photoresists. However, previous studies on PBzMA were on fabricating bulk polymers or nano-sized (

3D Printing Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool for rapidly prototyping complex parts from a range of materials. A challenge in printing most elastomers (rubber-like, highly stretchable polymers) is that they are mechanically soft and thus require external support during the printing process. Nian et al. developed a series of bottlebrush polymers composed of polydimethylsiloxane and poly(benzyl methacrylate) that have a high overall molecular weight because of their high density of short side chains but form few entanglements in the melt state. The polymers can be 3D printed without a support structure but are 100 times softer than other printed elastomers. At the same time, the printed structures can be stretched up to 600% and are stable up to 180°C but can be reprocessed with the aid of solvents. Chem. Mater. 33 , 2436 (2021).

The first case of surface-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (SI-PISA) by polymerizing benzyl methacrylate from SiO2-g-(PHEMA, CPDB) in methanol is reported. Hybrid nano-objects with string-shaped morphologies were obtained in one step.

For the purpose of realizing inherently safe high-power Li-ion batteries, a model Li4Ti5O12/LiFePO4 rechargeable battery is investigated using the thermally responsive polymer, poly(benzyl methacrylate), in an ionic liquid. At high temperature, battery operation is inhibited as a result of increased internal resistance caused by polymer and ionic liquid phase separation. Li-ion concentration is shown to affect the phase transition temperature and the extent to which batteries are deactivated.

Novel thermoresponsive dendronized monomer bearing azobenzene moiety, 4-(4′-(3, 4, 5-tris (2-(2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) benzyloxy) phenylazo) benzyl methacrylate, has been successfully synthesized. The chemical structures of intermediate compounds and dendronized monomer were confirmed by FTIR and 1H NMR. The phase transition behaviors of these intermediate compounds and dendronized monomer were investigated. These intermediate compound and dendronized monomer showed remarkably reversible thermoresponsive phase transition behaviors.

Poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA)/epoxy thermoset blends of composition 5 to 25 wt% of PBzMA were prepared curing with 4,4′diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), to study the influence of composition on the morphology and dynamic-mechanical properties of the blends. The cured blends are phase separated in PBzMA-rich phase and epoxy rich-phase. As the PBzMA content increases, the morphology evolves from nodular, to combined and to totally inverted. The analysis of the α-mechanical relaxations indicates that the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of PBzMA and of epoxy in the blends are different from the neat polymers, this is related to a noncomplete phase separation on curing. The profiles of the loss modulus-temperature curves are correlated with the change in morphology that appears increasing the PBzMA content. The storage modulus-temperature curves are highly dependent on the morphology of the samples. The storage modulus-composition dependence is predicted using several models for two phase composites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 50:1820–1830, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

BzMA/styrene random copolymers were synthesized in bulk (molar feed compositions f BZMA,0 = 10-90 mol-%) at 90 °C by NMP with about 10% free SG1 relative to BlocBuilder initiator. Reactivity ratios (r BZMA = 0.86 ± 0.36, r styrene = 0.27 ± 0.14) were comparable to those reported by conventional radical polymerization. Linear M n increase with conversion was observed up to ∼50% conversion, and all copolymers had low M w /M n = 1.2-1.4. The ( = average propagation rate constant and = average equilibrium constant) exponentially increased with increasing f B,AAA,0 . Chain extensions with styrene at 110 °C initiated by BzMA/styrene copolymers made with f BZAMA,0 90 mol-% were not, based on GPC and 31 P NMR results.

The high reactivity of fumaric polyesters in copolymerization reactions with monomers are discussed. The monomers acting as poor solvents cause association of the polyester. Double bonds in the associate may be ordered in such a way that the resulting arrangement favors the homopolymerization reaction. Effects of these structures may display in polymerization of low molecular compounds such as benzyl methacrylate. The relation between the polymerization rate of the associated monomer and the association degree is determined.

Densities and viscosities at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K are presented as a function of mixture composition for the binary mixtures of ethyl lactate with methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. From the experimental data, the excess molar volumes V E and viscosity deviations δη have been calculated. These results have been correlated with the Redlich−Kister type polynomial to derive the coefficients and standard deviation σ. McAllister's three-body and four-body interaction models were also used to correlate the kinematic viscosities. These model's parameters were treated to be temperature dependent.

In synthesizing target compounds, synthetic chemists search for and examine papers concerning syntheses to create their own synthetic routes. Synthetic route design system programs such as AIPHOS and EROS can also create many synthetic routes for targets compounds. However, it takes a long time to experimentally test all the routes created by these programs. Therefore, computational chemistry has been used to investigate mechanisms of chemical reactions which have already been examined experimentally. It is feasible to consider theoretical methods as effective in examining whether or not synthetic routes from chemoinformatics can be used practically for synthesizing target compounds. There are many difficulties associated with the aforementioned application, because theoretical calculations have to be done without information from experimental works. In the present study, we proved that this concept works well for synthetic routes of benzyl methacrylate, created from the KOSP and TOSP programs.

Densities and viscosities at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K are presented as a function of mixture composition for the binary mixtures of propylene glycol monomethyl ether with methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. From the experimental data, the excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations have been calculated. These results have been correlated with the Redlich−Kister type polynomial to derive the coefficients and standard deviation. McAllister's three-body and four-body interaction models were also used to correlate the kinematic viscosities. These model's parameters were treated to be temperature-dependent.

Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of 1-butanol with methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were measured at temperatures from 288.15 K to 318.15 K. A pycnometer and a Cannon-Fenske routine viscometer were used to determine density and kinematic viscosity, respectively. The excess molar volumes V E and viscosity deviations δη were calculated from the experimental data and were correlated by a Redlich−Kister-type polynomial. McAllister's three-body and four-body interaction models were used to correlate the kinematic viscosities. These model parameters were also treated to be temperature dependent.

Densities and viscosities at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K are presented as a function of mixture composition for the binary mixtures of cyclohexanone with methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. From the experimental data, the excess molar volumes (V E) and viscosity deviations (δη) have been calculated. These results have been correlated with the Redlich−Kister type polynomial to derive the coefficients and average absolute deviation (AAD). McAllister's three-body and four-body interaction models were also used to correlate the kinematic viscosities.

Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate with methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were measured at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K over the entire composition range. A pycnometer and a Cannon−Fenske routine viscometer were used to determine density and kinematic viscosity, respectively. The excess molar volumes (V E) and viscosity deviations (δη) were calculated at various temperatures. A Redlich−Kister type polynomial was applied to fit the isothermal excess volumes and viscosity deviations, and McAllister's three-body and four-body interaction models were also used to correlate the kinematic viscosities.

Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate with methacrylic acid, benzyl methacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate were measured at temperatures from 298.15 K to 318.15 K. A pycnometer and a Cannon−Fenske routine viscometer were used to determine density and kinematic viscosity, respectively. The excess molar volumes (VE) and viscosity deviations (δη) were calculated from the experimental data and were correlated by a Redlich−Kister type polynomial. McAllister's three-body and four-body interaction models were also used to correlate the kinematic viscosities.

Propagation rate coefficients, kp, as a function of temperature, are reported for bulk free-radical homopolymerizations of oxiranylmethyl, cyclohexyl, and benzyl methacrylate at ambient pressure and low conversion. The data were obtained from experiments combining pulsed-laser initiated polymerization and size-exclusion chromatography. The data determined from experiments carried out in independent laboratories obey the consistency criteria established for this technique. The rate coefficients for the three monomers are well represented by a single Arrhenius relation.

The effect of physical interaction through hydrogen bonds on the intermolecular crosslinking reaction leading to the promoted gelation in free-radical crosslinking monovinyl/divinyl copolymerizations was discussed from the standpoint of the control of network formation. The solution copolymerizations of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) with 2 mol% of 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate in t-butylbenzene were conducted in the absence and presence of different amounts of mono(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) succinate (MMOES). Gelation was promoted by the addition of MMOES and the ratio of the actual gel point to the theoretical one became smaller; this would be related to the formation of hydrogen bonds between carboxyl groups introduced into prepolymer and growing polymer radical. As an extension of the above discussion, we treated the effect of hydrogen bonds on the gelation in the crosslinking BzMA/triicosaethylene glycol dimethacrylate copolymerization. The addition of MMOES obviously promoted the gelation. The ratio of the actual gel point to the theoretical one calculated according to Stockmayer's equation [J. Chem. Phys. 12 (1944) 125] was obtained as 1.9, very close to unity.

The anomalous popcorn formation in the presence of a large amount of lauryl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent was explored in the free-radical crosslinking copolymerization of benzyl methacrylate with neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate. Thus, the radical accumulation during proliferous polymerization was pursued ESR-spectroscopically and a brief mechanistic discussion is described.

In order to discuss further the significance of the thermodynamic excluded volume effect on gelation in free-radical monovinyl/divinyl crosslinking copolymerizations, allyl benzoate was copolymerized with diallyl terephthalate in the presence of poly(benzyl methacrylate) (poly(BzMA)) having different molecular weights. Thus, the deviation of actual gel point from theoretical one became smaller with an increase in the molecular weight of poly(BzMA) and, moreover, SEC-MALLS measurements clearly afforded supporting evidence for the increased occurrence of intermolecular crosslinking. These results are expected as a result of reduced contribution of the thermodynamic excluded volume effect on gelation.

This study was conducted in the Division of Chemical Engineering at Seoul National University while C.-W.P. was on leave from the University of Florida. C.-W.P. thanks the faculty of Chemical Engineering Division for providing the work environment for this study. He also acknowledges the support of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and the Korean Federation of Science and Engineering Societies for this study.

Purpose. To evaluate the feasibility of utilizing a system of SMP acrylates for a thrombectomy device by determining an optimal crosslink density that provides both adequate recovery stress for blood clot removal and sufficient strain capacity to enable catheter delivery. Methods. Four thermoset acrylic copolymers containing benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and bisphenol A ethoxylate diacrylate (Mn∼512, BPA) were designed with differing thermomechanical properties. Finite element analysis (FEA) was performed to ensure that the materials were able to undergo the strains imposed by crimping, and fabricated devices were subjected to force-monitored crimping, constrained recovery, and bench-top thrombectomy. Results. Devices with 25 and 35 mole% BPA exhibited the highest recovery stress and the highest brittle response as they broke upon constrained recovery. On the contrary, the 15 mole% BPA devices endured all testing and their recovery stress (5 kPa) enabled successful bench-top thrombectomy in 2/3 times, compared to 0/3 for the devices with the lowest BPA content. Conclusion. While the 15 mole% BPA devices provided the best trade-off between device integrity and performance, other SMP systems that offer recovery stresses above 5 kPa without increasing brittleness to the point of causing device failure would be more suitable for this application.

Homopolymerization of benzyl methacrylate has been studied by UV initiation using 25 mg DMPA with 2.5 ml BzMA and 0.5, 2.5 mL hexane for different time intervals. The maximum conversion value 99% has been obtained. Homopolymerization reaction was carried out with and without photo initiator. It was found that without photo initiator polymerization does not occur. DMPA and benzophenone were the two photo initiators tested. DMPA was found to be more effective than benzophenone, in a homopolymerization system of 50 mg DMPA or bezophenone, 2.5 mL BzMA and 0.5 mL hexane irradiated for 15 minutes, conversion resulted 61% and 11.5% respectively. Without photo initiator no polymerization occurred. Alginic acid, sodium alginate and calcium alginate have been grafted with poly(benzyl methacrylate) by the UV-irradiation method. The heterogeneous system was placed in a LZC4 photo-reactor with 15 cm distance from UV lamps (in UVA region, 350 nm) and irradiated for several different intervals of time, at room temperature (25±1◦C) and fixed power (7670 μW/cm2). Effect of irradiation time, monomer concentration and photo initiator concentration on the grafting yield was studied at room temperature. The maximum grafting yield was obtained using 0.52 g sodium alginate with 2.5 mL BzMA and 25 mg DMPA at 15 min. It was found that most vulnerable polymer to benzyl methacrylate grafting among alginic acid, sodium alginate and calcium alginate is sodium alginate with the highest grafting yields under the same conditions with others. Keywords: Alginate, Benzyl methacrylate, Graft copolymer, Photopolymerization ÖZ: Benzyl metakrilatın homopolimerizasyonu ve sodyum aljinat, aljinik asit ve kalsium aljinat üzerine aşılanması foto-LZC4 reaktörü içinde 350 nm dalgaboyunda, 7670 μW/cm2 sabit güce sahip UV lambaları örnekten 15 cm uzakta konumlanmış şekilde oda sıcaklığında, farklı zaman aralıklarında çalışılmıştır. Işınlama deneyleri ya DMPA ve benzofenon olmak üzere iki farklı foto başlatıcı varlığında ya da foto başlatıcı olmadan yapılmıştır. Foto başlatıcı kullanılmadığı durumda polimerizasyon veya kopolimerizasyonun gerçekleşmediği gözlemlenmiştir. Yirmi dakika ışınlama süresi sonunda 25 mg DMPA, 2.5 mL BzMA ve 0.5 mL hekzan karışımının azami dönüşüm değeri % 99 olarak elde edilmiştir. Benzer koşullarda DMPA varlığında homopolimerizasyon dönüşüm değerinin benzofenona göre daha fazla olduğu bulunmuştur. 50 mg DMPA veya 50 mg benzofenon varlığında homopolimerizasyonun 2.5 mL BzMA ile 0.5 mL hekzan bulunduran homopolimerizasyon sisteminde 15 dakika süre ışınlama süresi sonunda . homopolimerizasyon dönüşüm değerleri sonuçları sırasıyla % 61 ve % 11.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Aljinik asit, sodyum aljinat ve kalsiyum aljinat üzerine gerşekleştirilen aşılama reaksiyonları için ışınlama süresi, monomer konsantrasyonunun ve başlatıcı konsantrasyonunun aşılama yüzdesine etkisi oda sıcaklığında incelenmiştir. En fazla aşılama verimi 39.5% 15 dakikada, 2.5 ml BzMA 25 mg DMPA varlığında 0.52 g sodyum aljinat kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Aljinat, Benzil metakrilat, Aşı kopolimer, Fotopolimerleşme Master of Science in Chemistry. Thesis (M.S.)--Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Chemistry, 2013. Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Elvan Yılmaz.

Photoembossing is a simple and versatile technique to create relief structures in polymers using a patterned contact mask exposure and a thermal development step. Typically, the photo-resist consists of a polymeric binder such as poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBMA) and a multifunctional monomer in a 50/50 weight ratio and the mixture is a solid and non-tacky material at room temperature. Here, new mixtures for photoembossing are presented, which contain higher monomer content and therefore show greater material flux during photopolymerisation. These mixtures are solid at room temperature even at high monomer contents (60 wt.%), which is achieved by using a polymer binder with a higher glass-transition temperature (Tg) such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). DSC experiments also indicated that the interactions between monomer and PMMA are less strong compared to PBMA. The combined effect of increased monomer content and weakened interactions with PMMA led to a greater mobility of the monomer and an increase in height of the relief structures by a 50%.

The dynamic mechanical properties of poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PBzMA), and poly(cyclohexylmethyl methacrylate) (PCHMMA) were studied. In order to show the β relaxation in both polymers and the γ relaxation in PBzMA, the derivative of the real part of the complex modulus d E′ d T was calculated, which is proportional to T−2E″. A detailed study of the γ relaxation spectra of PCHMMA in terms of activation free energy distribution was performed.