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1. [Translated article] Results of a preoperative screening and decolonization programme for Staphylococcus aureus in primary hip and knee arthroplasty

Author: Yuste Berenguer, E., Colomina Morales, J., Señor Revuelto, P., Drudis Morell, R., Torra Riera, M., Pilares Ortega, E.P., and Trujillano Cabello, J.
Published: 2023
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2. Resultados de un programa de descolonización de Staphylococcus aureus en cirugía protésica primaria de cadera y rodilla

Author: Yuste Berenguer, E., Colomina Morales, J., Señor Revuelto, P., Drudis Morell, R., Torra Riera, M., Pilares Ortega, E.P., and Trujillano Cabello, J.
Published: 2023
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3. The global abundance of tree palms

Author: Muscarella, R, Emilio, T, Phillips, OL, Lewis, SL, Slik, F, Baker, WJ, Couvreur, TLP, Eiserhardt, WL, Svenning, JC, Affum-Baffoe, K, Aiba, SI, de Almeida, EC, de Almeida, SS, de Oliveira, EA, Álvarez-Dávila, E, Alves, LF, Alvez-Valles, CM, Carvalho, FA, Guarin, FA, Andrade, A, Aragão, LEOC, Murakami, AA, Arroyo, L, Ashton, PS, Corredor, GAA, Baker, TR, de Camargo, PB, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Blanc, L, Böhning-Gaese, K, Bonal, D, Bongers, F, Bradford, M, Brambach, F, Brearley, FQ, Brewer, SW, Camargo, JLC, Campbell, DG, Castilho, CV, Castro, W, Catchpole, D, Cerón Martínez, CE, Chen, S, Chhang, P, Cho, P, Chutipong, W, Clark, C, Collins, M, Comiskey, JA, Medina, MNC, Costa, FRC, Culmsee, H, David-Higuita, H, Davidar, P, del Aguila-Pasquel, J, Derroire, G, Di Fiore, A, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Dourdain, A, Drake, DR, Ensslin, A, Erwin, T, Ewango, CEN, Ewers, RM, Fauset, S, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fischer, M, Franklin, J, Fredriksson, GM, Gillespie, TW, Gilpin, M, Gonmadje, C, Gunatilleke, AUN, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harris, DJ, Harrison, RD, Hector, A, Hemp, A, Herault, B, Pizango, CGH, Coronado, ENH, Hubau, W, Hussain, MS, Ibrahim, FH, Imai, N, Joly, CA, Joseph, S, Anitha, K, Kartawinata, K, Kassi, J, and Killeen, TJ
Subjects: above-ground biomass, abundance patterns, Arecaceae, local abiotic conditions, Neotropics, pantropical biogeography, tropical rainforest, wood density, Ecology, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Ecological Applications
Abstract: Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.
Published: 2020

4. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author: Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S
Abstract: Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations 1–6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories 7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.
Published: 2024

5. Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Author: Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, Zent, S, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Cooper, DLM, Lewis, SL, Sullivan, MJP, Prado, PI, ter Steege, H, Barbier, N, Slik, F, Sonké, B, Ewango, CEN, Adu-Bredu, S, Affum-Baffoe, K, de Aguiar, DPP, Reategui, MAA, Aiba, SI, Albuquerque, BW, Matos, FDD, Alonso, A, Amani, CA, do Amaral, DD, do Amaral, IL, Andrade, A, Miranda, IPD, Angoboy, IB, Araujo-Murakami, A, Arboleda, NC, Arroyo, L, Ashton, P, Aymard, CGA, Baider, C, Baker, TR, Balinga, MPB, Balslev, H, Banin, LF, Bánki, OS, Baraloto, C, Barbosa, EM, Barbosa, FR, Barlow, J, Bastin, JF, Beeckman, H, Begne, S, Bengone, NN, Berenguer, E, Berry, N, Bitariho, R, Boeckx, P, Bogaert, J, Bonyoma, B, Boundja, P, Bourland, N, Bosela, FB, Brambach, F, Brienen, R, Burslem, DFRP, Camargo, JL, Campelo, W, Cano, A, Cárdenas, S, López, DC, Carpanedo, RD, Márquez, YAC, Carvalho, FA, Casas, LF, Castellanos, H, Castilho, CV, Cerón, C, Chapman, CA, Chave, J, Chhang, P, Chutipong, W, Chuyong, GB, Cintra, BBL, Clark, CJ, de Souza, FC, Comiskey, JA, Coomes, DA, Valverde, FC, Correa, DF, Costa, FRC, Costa, JBP, Couteron, P, Culmsee, H, Cuni-Sanchez, A, Dallmeier, F, Damasco, G, Dauby, G, Dávila, N, Doza, HPD, De Alban, JDT, de Assis, RL, De Canniere, C, De Haulleville, T, Carim, MDV, Demarchi, LO, Dexter, KG, Di Fiore, A, Din, HHM, Disney, MI, Djiofack, BY, Djuikouo, MNK, Van Do, T, Doucet, JL, Draper, FC, Droissart, V, Duivenvoorden, JF, Engel, J, Estienne, V, Farfan-Rios, W, Fauset, S, Feeley, KJ, Feitosa, YO, Feldpausch, TR, Ferreira, C, Ferreira, J, Ferreira, LV, Fletcher, CD, Flores, BM, Fofanah, A, Foli, EG, Fonty, E, Fredriksson, GM, Fuentes, A, Galbraith, D, Gonzales, GPG, Garcia-Cabrera, K, García-Villacorta, R, Gomes, VHF, Gómez, RZ, Gonzales, T, Gribel, R, Guedes, MC, Guevara, JE, Hakeem, KR, Hall, JS, Hamer, KC, Harrison, RD, Harris, DJ, Hart, TB, Hector, A, Henkel, TW, Herbohn, J, Hockemba, MBN, Hoffman, B, Holmgren, M, Coronado, ENH, Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I, Hubau, W, Imai, N, Irume, MV, Jansen, PA, Jeffery, KJ, Jimenez, EM, Jucker, T, Junqueira, AB, Kalamandeen, M, Kamdem, NG, Kartawinata, K, Yakusu, EK, Katembo, JM, Kearsley, E, Kenfack, D, Kessler, M, Khaing, TT, Killeen, TJ, Kitayama, K, Klitgaard, B, Labriere, N, Laumonier, Y, Laurance, SGW, Laurance, WF, Laurent, F, Le, TC, Leal, ME, Novo, EMLD, Levesley, A, Libalah, MB, Licona, JC, Lima, DD, Lindsell, JA, Lopes, A, Lopes, MA, Lovett, JC, Lowe, R, Lozada, JR, Lu, XH, Luambua, NK, Luize, BG, Maas, P, Magalhaes, JLL, Magnusson, WE, Mahayani, NPD, Makana, JR, Malhi, Y, Rincón, LM, Mansor, A, Manzatto, AG, Marimon, BS, Marimon, BH Jr, Marshall, AR, Martins, MP, Mbayu, FM, de Medeiros, MB, Mesones, I, Metali, F, Mihindou, V, Millet, J, Milliken, W, Mogollon, HF, Molino, JF, Said, MNM, Mendoza, AM, Montero, JC, Moore, S, Mostacedo, B, Pinto, LFM, Mukul, SA, Munishi, PKT, Nagamasu, H, Nascimento, HEM, Nascimento, MT, Neill, D, Nilus, R, Noronha, JC, Nsenga, L, Vargas, PN, Ojo, L, Oliveira, AA, de Oliveira, EA, Ondo, FE, Cuenca, WP, Pansini, S, Pansonato, MP, Paredes, MR, Paudel, E, Pauletto, D, Pearson, RG, Pena, JLM, Pennington, RT, Peres, CA, Permana, A, Petronelli, P, Mora, MCP, Phillips, JF, Phillips, OL, Pickavance, G, Piedade, MTF, Pitman, NCA, Ploton, P, Popelier, A, Poulsen, JR, Prieto, A, Primack, RB, Priyadi, H, Qie, L, Quaresma, AC, de Queiroz, HL, Ramirez-Angulo, H, Ramos, JF, Reis, NFC, Reitsma, J, Revilla, JDC, Riutta, T, Rivas-Torres, G, Robiansyah, I, Rocha, M, Rodrigues, DD, Rodriguez-Ronderos, ME, Rovero, F, Rozak, AH, Rudas, A, Rutishauser, E, Sabatier, D, Sagang, L, Sampaio, AF, Samsoedin, I, Satdichanh, M, Schietti, J, Schöngart, J, Scudeller, VV, Seuaturien, N, Sheil, D, Sierra, R, Silman, MR, Silva, TSF, Guimaraes, JRD, Simo-Droissart, M, Simon, MF, Sist, P, Sousa, TR, Farias, ED, Coelho, LD, Spracklen, DV, Stas, SM, Steinmetz, R, Stevenson, PR, Stropp, J, Sukri, RS, Sunderland, TCH, Suzuki, E, Swaine, MD, Tang, JW, Taplin, J, Taylor, DM, Tello, JS, Terborgh, J, Texier, N, Theilade, I, Thomas, DW, Thomas, R, Thomas, SC, Tirado, M, Toirambe, B, de Toledo, JJ, Tomlinson, KW, Torres-Lezama, A, Tran, HD, Mukendi, JT, Tumaneng, RD, Umaña, MN, Umunay, PM, Giraldo, LEU, Sandoval, EHV, Gamarra, LV, Van Andel, TR, van de Bult, M, van de Pol, J, van der Heijden, G, Vasquez, R, Vela, CIA, Venticinque, EM, Verbeeck, H, Veridiano, RKA, Vicentini, A, Vieira, ICG, Torre, EV, Villarroel, D, Zegarra, BEV, Vleminckx, J, von Hildebrand, P, Vos, VA, Vriesendorp, C, Webb, EL, White, LJT, Wich, S, Wittmann, F, Zagt, R, Zang, RG, Zartman, CE, Zemagho, L, Zent, EL, and Zent, S
Published: 2024

6. Brazilian public funding for biodiversity research in the Amazon

Author: Stegmann, L.F., França, F.M., Carvalho, R.L., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Castello, L., Juen, L., Baccaro, F.B., Vieira, I.C.G., Nunes, C.A., Oliveira, R., Venticinque, E.M., Schietti, J., Ferreira, J., Stegmann, L.F., França, F.M., Carvalho, R.L., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Castello, L., Juen, L., Baccaro, F.B., Vieira, I.C.G., Nunes, C.A., Oliveira, R., Venticinque, E.M., Schietti, J., and Ferreira, J.
Abstract: The Brazilian Amazon is one of Earth’s most biodiverse and ecologically important regions. However, research investments for biodiversity in the biome are disproportionately low compared with other regions of Brazil. In 2022, the Amazon received 13% of master's, doctoral and postdoctoral scholarships and hosted 11% of all researchers working in biodiversity postgraduate programs. Amazonian institutions received approximately 10% of all federal budget spent on grants and scholarships and about 23% of all resources destined to support long-term ecological sites. The cities of Manaus and Belém concentrate about 90% of all grants and scholarships available for the entire region. Despite per capita research investment in the Amazon being equal to or better than that available for the more economically developed regions of Brazil, the distribution of resources by area is highly unequal. Increasing research funding for the Amazon region requires differential input by federal agencies and more transnational collaborations and integration between Amazonian programs and international funds.
Published: 2024

7. Connected Conservation: Rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world

Author: Carmenta, R., Barlow, J., Bastos Lima, M.G., Berenguer, E., Choiruzzad, S., Estrada-Carmona, N., França, F., Kallis, G., Killick, E., Lees, A., Martin, A., Pascual, U., Pettorelli, N., Reed, J., Rodriguez, I., Steward, A.M., Sunderland, T., Vira, B., Zaehringer, J.G., and Hicks, C.
Subjects: local communities (IP&LCs), Governance, Indigenous people, Tropical forests, SDG 1 - No Poverty, Justice, IPBES, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Biocultural, Indigenous people and local communities (IP&LCs), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: The convergence of the biodiversity and climate crises, widening of wealth inequality, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need to mobilize change to secure sustainable futures. Centres of tropical biodiversity are a major focus of conservation efforts, delivered in predominantly site-level interventions often incorporating alternative-livelihood provision or poverty-alleviation components. Yet, a focus on site-level intervention is ill-equipped to address the disproportionate role of (often distant) wealth in biodiversity collapse. Further these approaches often attempt to ‘resolve’ local economic poverty in order to safeguard biodiversity in a seemingly virtuous act, potentially overlooking local communities as the living locus of solutions to the biodiversity crisis. We offer Connected Conservation: a dual-branched conservation model that commands novel actions to tackle distant wealth-related drivers of biodiversity decline, while enhancing site-level conservation to empower biodiversity stewards. We synthesize diverse literatures to outline the need for this shift in conservation practice. We identify three dominant negative flows arising in centres of wealth that disproportionately undermine biodiversity, and highlight the three key positive, though marginalized, flows that enhance biodiversity and exist within biocultural centres. Connected Conservation works to amplify the positive flows, and diminish the negative flows, and thereby orientates towards desired states with justice at the centre. We identify connected conservation actions that can be applied and replicated to address the telecoupled, wealth-related reality of biodiversity collapse while empowering contemporary biodiversity stewards. The approach calls for conservation to extend its collaborations across sectors in order to deliver to transformative change. © 2023 The Authors RC is grateful to the support of the Frank Jackson Foundation that enabled this work.
Published: 2023

8. Connected Conservation:Rethinking conservation for a telecoupled world

Author: Carmenta, R., Barlow, J., Bastos Lima, M.G., Berenguer, E., Choiruzzad, S., Estrada-Carmona, N., França, F., Kallis, G., Killick, E., Lees, A., Martin, A., Pascual, U., Pettorelli, N., Reed, J., Rodriguez, I., Steward, A.M., Sunderland, T., Vira, B., Zaehringer, J.G., Hicks, C., Carmenta, R., Barlow, J., Bastos Lima, M.G., Berenguer, E., Choiruzzad, S., Estrada-Carmona, N., França, F., Kallis, G., Killick, E., Lees, A., Martin, A., Pascual, U., Pettorelli, N., Reed, J., Rodriguez, I., Steward, A.M., Sunderland, T., Vira, B., Zaehringer, J.G., and Hicks, C.
Abstract: The convergence of the biodiversity and climate crises, widening of wealth inequality, and most recently the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need to mobilize change to secure sustainable futures. Centres of tropical biodiversity are a major focus of conservation efforts, delivered in predominantly site-level interventions often incorporating alternative-livelihood provision or poverty-alleviation components. Yet, a focus on site-level intervention is ill-equipped to address the disproportionate role of (often distant) wealth in biodiversity collapse. Further these approaches often attempt to ‘resolve’ local economic poverty in order to safeguard biodiversity in a seemingly virtuous act, potentially overlooking local communities as the living locus of solutions to the biodiversity crisis. We offer Connected Conservation: a dual-branched conservation model that commands novel actions to tackle distant wealth-related drivers of biodiversity decline, while enhancing site-level conservation to empower biodiversity stewards. We synthesize diverse literatures to outline the need for this shift in conservation practice. We identify three dominant negative flows arising in centres of wealth that disproportionately undermine biodiversity, and highlight the three key positive, though marginalized, flows that enhance biodiversity and exist within biocultural centres. Connected Conservation works to amplify the positive flows, and diminish the negative flows, and thereby orientates towards desired states with justice at the centre. We identify connected conservation actions that can be applied and replicated to address the telecoupled, wealth-related reality of biodiversity collapse while empowering contemporary biodiversity stewards. The approach calls for conservation to extend its collaborations across sectors in order to deliver to transformative change.
Published: 2023

9. Many losers and few winners in dung beetle responses to Amazonian forest fragmentation

Author: Noble, C.D., Gilroy, J.J., Berenguer, E., Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z., Peres, C.A., Noble, C.D., Gilroy, J.J., Berenguer, E., Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z., and Peres, C.A.
Abstract: Tropical forest fragmentation is expected to result in the loss of forest-dependent species (‘losers’) and proliferation of disturbance-tolerant species (‘winners’). Here, we use multi-species occupancy modelling to quantify the effects of fragmentation on Amazonian dung beetles at the species and community level. We investigate the relationship between species' habitat preferences and fragmentation responses to understand how interspecific variation in fragmentation responses translates into patterns of alpha and beta diversity. We sampled dung beetles within 21 forest patches and 2 continuous forests. For each site, we quantified three fragmentation metrics (area, shape, and surrounding forest amount) and modelled their effects on species occurrence and community properties. Most species were most likely to occur within large forest patches, while surrounding forest amount had a positive impact on all species. Over 80 % of species were forest specialists and species' area responses were positively correlated with their level of forest specialization. Observed species-level responses were reflected at the community level, with greater representation of forest specialists in larger forest patches up to an 88-ha threshold, stabilizing thereafter; this threshold was met by only 1 % of patches in the landscape. Species richness also increased with patch area, although surrounding forest amount had a greater positive impact. Communities were structured by a gradient of species turnover from small to large patches, and among more isolated patches. Our findings show that most Amazonian dung beetle species become ‘losers’ within fragmented landscapes, particularly forest specialists. We recommend landscape-scale planning to retain forest connectivity including large forest remnants. © 2023 The Authors
Published: 2023

10. Soil microbes under threat in the Amazon Rainforest

Author: M. Venturini, A., B. Gontijo, J., A. Mandro, J., Berenguer, E., Peay, K.G., M. Tsai, S., Bohannan, B.J.M., M. Venturini, A., B. Gontijo, J., A. Mandro, J., Berenguer, E., Peay, K.G., M. Tsai, S., and Bohannan, B.J.M.
Abstract: Soil microorganisms are sensitive indicators of land-use and climate change in the Amazon, revealing shifts in important processes such as greenhouse gas (GHG) production, but they have been overlooked in conservation and management initiatives. Integrating soil biodiversity with other disciplines while expanding sampling efforts and targeted microbial groups is crucially needed.
Published: 2023

11. Brazil’s environmental leadership at risk

Author: Ferreira, J., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Barlow, J., Barreto, P., Berenguer, E., Bustamante, M., Gardner, T. A., Lees, A. C., Lima, A., Louzada, J., Pardini, R., Parry, L., Peres, C. A., Pompeu, P. S., Tabarelli, M., and Zuanon, J.
Published: 2014

12. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author: Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., Poorter, L., Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., and Poorter, L.
Abstract: Forests that regrow naturally on abandoned fields are important for restoring biodiversity and ecosystem services, but can they also preserve the distinct regional tree floras? Using the floristic composition of 1215 early successional forests (≤20 years) in 75 human-modified landscapes across the Neotropic realm, we identified 14 distinct floristic groups, with a between-group dissimilarity of 0.97. Floristic groups were associated with location, bioregions, soil pH, temperature seasonality, and water availability. Hence, there is large continental-scale variation in the species composition of early successional forests, which is mainly associated with biogeographic and environmental factors but not with human disturbance indicators. This floristic distinctiveness is partially driven by regionally restricted species belonging to widespread genera. Early secondary forests contribute therefore to restoring and conserving the distinctiveness of bioregions across the Neotropical realm, and forest restoration initiatives should use local species to assure that these distinct floras are maintained.
Published: 2022

13. Local hydrological conditions influence tree diversity and composition across the Amazon basin

Author: Marca-Zevallos, M.J., Moulatlet, G.M., Sousa, T.R., Schietti, J., Coelho, L.D.S., Ramos, J.F., Lima Filho, D.D.A., Amaral, I.L., de Almeida Matos, F.D., Rincón, L.M., Cardenas Revilla, J.D., Pansonato, M.P., Gribel, R., Barbosa, E.M., Miranda, I.P.D.A., Bonates, L.C.D.M., Guevara, J.E., Salomão, R.P., Ferreira, L.V., Dantas do Amaral, D., Pitman, N.C.A., Vriesendorp, C., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R., Carim, M.D.J.V., Guimarães, J.R.D.S., Núñez Vargas, P., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G.W., Andrade, A., Camargo, J.L., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Vasquez, R., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Mogollón, H.F., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marimon, B.S., Killeen, T.J., Farias, E.D.S., Neill, D., de Medeiros, M.B., Simon, M.F., Terborgh, J., Carlos Montero, J., Licona, J.C., Mostacedo, B., García-Villacorta, R., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Villarroel, D., Dávila, N., Coelho de Souza, F., Carvalho, F.A., Comiskey, J.A., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., Oliveira, A.A., Castilho, C.V., Lloyd, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Ríos Paredes, M., Castaño Arboleda, N., Cárdenas López, D., Aymard Corredor, G.A., Di Fiore, A., Rudas, A., Prieto, A., Barbosa, F.R., Noronha, J.C., Rodrigues, D.D.J., Carpanedo, R.D.S.á., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Peres, C.A., Milliken, W., Fuentes, A., Tello, J.S., Cerón, C., Klitgaard, B., Tirado, M., Sierra, R., Young, K.R., Rivas-Torres, G.F., Stevenson, P.R., Cano, A., Wang, O., Baider, C., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Berenguer, E., Stropp, J., Balslev, H., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Mesones, I., Valderrama Sandoval, E.H., Gonzales, T., Pansini, S., Reis, N.F.C., Sampaio, A.F., Vos, V.A., Palacios Cuenca, W., Manzatto, A.G., Farfan-Rios, W., Silman, M.R., Garcia-Cabrera, K., von Hildebrand, P., Guedes, M.C., Costa, J.B.P., Phillips, J.F., Vela, C.I.A., de Toledo, J.J., Pauletto, D., Valverde, F.C., Umaña, M.N., Phillips, O.L., Magnusson, W.E., ter Steege, H., Costa, F.R.C., Marca-Zevallos, M.J., Moulatlet, G.M., Sousa, T.R., Schietti, J., Coelho, L.D.S., Ramos, J.F., Lima Filho, D.D.A., Amaral, I.L., de Almeida Matos, F.D., Rincón, L.M., Cardenas Revilla, J.D., Pansonato, M.P., Gribel, R., Barbosa, E.M., Miranda, I.P.D.A., Bonates, L.C.D.M., Guevara, J.E., Salomão, R.P., Ferreira, L.V., Dantas do Amaral, D., Pitman, N.C.A., Vriesendorp, C., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R., Carim, M.D.J.V., Guimarães, J.R.D.S., Núñez Vargas, P., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G.W., Andrade, A., Camargo, J.L., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Vasquez, R., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Mogollón, H.F., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marimon, B.S., Killeen, T.J., Farias, E.D.S., Neill, D., de Medeiros, M.B., Simon, M.F., Terborgh, J., Carlos Montero, J., Licona, J.C., Mostacedo, B., García-Villacorta, R., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arroyo, L., Villarroel, D., Dávila, N., Coelho de Souza, F., Carvalho, F.A., Comiskey, J.A., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., Oliveira, A.A., Castilho, C.V., Lloyd, J., Feldpausch, T.R., Ríos Paredes, M., Castaño Arboleda, N., Cárdenas López, D., Aymard Corredor, G.A., Di Fiore, A., Rudas, A., Prieto, A., Barbosa, F.R., Noronha, J.C., Rodrigues, D.D.J., Carpanedo, R.D.S.á., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Peres, C.A., Milliken, W., Fuentes, A., Tello, J.S., Cerón, C., Klitgaard, B., Tirado, M., Sierra, R., Young, K.R., Rivas-Torres, G.F., Stevenson, P.R., Cano, A., Wang, O., Baider, C., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Berenguer, E., Stropp, J., Balslev, H., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Mesones, I., Valderrama Sandoval, E.H., Gonzales, T., Pansini, S., Reis, N.F.C., Sampaio, A.F., Vos, V.A., Palacios Cuenca, W., Manzatto, A.G., Farfan-Rios, W., Silman, M.R., Garcia-Cabrera, K., von Hildebrand, P., Guedes, M.C., Costa, J.B.P., Phillips, J.F., Vela, C.I.A., de Toledo, J.J., Pauletto, D., Valverde, F.C., Umaña, M.N., Phillips, O.L., Magnusson, W.E., ter Steege, H., and Costa, F.R.C.
Abstract: Tree diversity and composition in Amazonia are known to be strongly determined by the water supplied by precipitation. Nevertheless, within the same climatic regime, water availability is modulated by local topography and soil characteristics (hereafter referred to as local hydrological conditions), varying from saturated and poorly drained to well-drained and potentially dry areas. While these conditions may be expected to influence species distribution, the impacts of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity and composition remain poorly understood at the whole Amazon basin scale. Using a dataset of 443 1-ha non-flooded forest plots distributed across the basin, we investigate how local hydrological conditions influence 1) tree alpha diversity, 2) the community-weighted wood density mean (CWM-wd) – a proxy for hydraulic resistance and 3) tree species composition. We find that the effect of local hydrological conditions on tree diversity depends on climate, being more evident in wetter forests, where diversity increases towards locations with well-drained soils. CWM-wd increased towards better drained soils in Southern and Western Amazonia. Tree species composition changed along local soil hydrological gradients in Central-Eastern, Western and Southern Amazonia, and those changes were correlated with changes in the mean wood density of plots. Our results suggest that local hydrological gradients filter species, influencing the diversity and composition of Amazonian forests. Overall, this study shows that the effect of local hydrological conditions is pervasive, extending over wide Amazonian regions, and reinforces the importance of accounting for local topography and hydrology to better understand the likely response and resilience of forests to increased frequency of extreme climate events and rising temperatures.
Published: 2022

14. Linking land-use and land-cover transitions to their ecological impact in the Amazon

Author: Nunes, C.A., Berenguer, E., França, F., Ferreira, J., Lees, A.C., Louzada, J., Sayer, E.J., Solar, R., Smith, C.C., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Braga, D.L., de Camargo, P.B., Cerri, C.E.P., de Oliveira R.C., Jr, Durigan, M., Moura, N., Oliveira, V.H.F., Ribas, C., Vaz-de-Mello, F., Vieira, I., Zanetti, R., Barlow, J., Nunes, C.A., Berenguer, E., França, F., Ferreira, J., Lees, A.C., Louzada, J., Sayer, E.J., Solar, R., Smith, C.C., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Braga, D.L., de Camargo, P.B., Cerri, C.E.P., de Oliveira R.C., Jr, Durigan, M., Moura, N., Oliveira, V.H.F., Ribas, C., Vaz-de-Mello, F., Vieira, I., Zanetti, R., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Human activities pose a major threat to tropical forest biodiversity and ecosystem services. Although the impacts of deforestation are well studied, multiple land-use and land-cover transitions (LULCTs) occur in tropical landscapes, and we do not know how LULCTs differ in their rates or impacts on key ecosystem components. Here, we quantified the impacts of 18 LULCTs on three ecosystem components (biodiversity, carbon, and soil), based on 18 variables collected from 310 sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Across all LULCTs, biodiversity was the most affected ecosystem component, followed by carbon stocks, but the magnitude of change differed widely among LULCTs and individual variables. Forest clearance for pasture was the most prevalent and high-impact transition, but we also identified other LULCTs with high impact but lower prevalence (e.g., forest to agriculture). Our study demonstrates the importance of considering multiple ecosystem components and LULCTs to understand the consequences of human activities in tropical landscapes.
Published: 2022

15. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author: Maynard, D.S., Bialic-Murphy, L., Zohner, C.M., Averill, C., van den Hoogen, J., Ma, H., Mo, L., Smith, G.R., Acosta, A.T.R., Aubin, I., Berenguer, E., Boonman, C.C.F., Catford, J.A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Dias, A.S., González-Melo, A., Hietz, P., Lusk, C.H., Mori, A.S., Niinemets, Ü., Pillar, V.D., Pinho, B.X., Rosell, J.A., Schurr, F.M., Sheremetev, S.N., da Silva, A.C., Sosinski, Ê., van Bodegom, P.M., Weiher, E., Bönisch, G., Kattge, J., Crowther, T.W., Maynard, D.S., Bialic-Murphy, L., Zohner, C.M., Averill, C., van den Hoogen, J., Ma, H., Mo, L., Smith, G.R., Acosta, A.T.R., Aubin, I., Berenguer, E., Boonman, C.C.F., Catford, J.A., Cerabolini, B.E.L., Dias, A.S., González-Melo, A., Hietz, P., Lusk, C.H., Mori, A.S., Niinemets, Ü., Pillar, V.D., Pinho, B.X., Rosell, J.A., Schurr, F.M., Sheremetev, S.N., da Silva, A.C., Sosinski, Ê., van Bodegom, P.M., Weiher, E., Bönisch, G., Kattge, J., and Crowther, T.W.
Abstract: Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, the dominant traits underpinning these unique aspects of tree form and function remain unclear. Here, by considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, and root characteristics, we quantify the multidimensional relationships in tree trait expression. We find that nearly half of trait variation is captured by two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, the other reflecting tree size and competition for light. Yet these orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses to temperature, moisture, and elevation. By subsequently exploring multidimensional trait relationships, we show that the full dimensionality of trait space is captured by eight distinct clusters, each reflecting a unique aspect of tree form and function. Collectively, this work identifies a core set of traits needed to quantify global patterns in functional biodiversity, and it contributes to our fundamental understanding of the functioning of forests worldwide.
Published: 2022

16. Optimizing tropical forest bird surveys using passive acoustic monitoring and high temporal resolution sampling

Author: Metcalf, O.C., Barlow, J., Marsden, S., Gomes de Moura, N., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Lees, A.C., Metcalf, O.C., Barlow, J., Marsden, S., Gomes de Moura, N., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., and Lees, A.C.
Abstract: Estimation of avian biodiversity is a cornerstone measure of ecosystem condition. Surveys conducted using autonomous recorders are often more efficient at estimating diversity than traditional point-count surveys. However, there is limited research into the optimal temporal resolution for sampling—the trade-off between the number of samples and sample duration when sampling a survey window with a fixed survey effort—despite autonomous recorders allowing easy repeat sampling compared to traditional survey methods. We assess whether the additional temporal coverage from high temporal resolution (HTR) sampling, consisting of 240 15-s samples spread randomly across a survey window detects higher alpha and gamma diversity than low temporal resolution (LTR) sampling of four 15-min samples at the same locations. We do so using an acoustic dataset collected from 29 locations in a region of very high avian biodiversity—the eastern Brazilian Amazon. We find HTR sampling outperforms LTR sampling in every metric considered, with HTR sampling predicted to detect approximately 50% higher alpha diversity, and 10% higher gamma diversity. This effect is primarily driven by increased coverage of variation in detectability across the morning, with the earliest period containing a distinct community that is often under sampled using LTR sampling. LTR sampling produced almost four times as many false absences for species presence. Additionally, LTR sampling incorrectly found 70 species (34%) at only a single forest type when they were in fact present in multiple forest types, while the use of HTR sampling reduced this to just two species (0.9%). When considering multiple independent detections of species, HTR sampling detected three times more uncommon species than LTR sampling. We conclude that high temporal resolution sampling of passive-acoustic monitoring-based surveys should be considered the primary method for estimating the species richness of bird communities in tropical forests
Published: 2022

17. Strong floristic distinctiveness across Neotropical successional forests

Author: Environmental Sciences, Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., Poorter, L., Environmental Sciences, Jakovac, C.C., Meave, J.A., Bongers, F., Letcher, S.G., Dupuy, J.M., Piotto, D., Rozendaal, D.M.A., Peña-Claros, M., Craven, D., Santos, B.A., Siminski, A., Fantini, A.C., Rodrigues, A.C., Hernández-Jaramillo, A., Idárraga, A., Junqueira, A.B., Zambrano, A.M.A., De Jong, B.H.J., Pinho, B.X., Finegan, B., Castellano-Castro, C., Zambiazi, D.C., Dent, D.H., García, D.H., Kennard, D., Delgado, D., Broadbent, E.N., Ortiz-Malavassi, E., Pérez-García, E.A., Lebrija-Trejos, E., Berenguer, E., Marín-Spiotta, E., Alvarez-Davila, E., De Sá Sampaio, E.V., Melo, F., Elias, F., França, F., Oberleitner, F., Mora, F., Williamson, G.B., Dalla Colletta, G., Cabral, G.A.L., Derroire, G., Fernandes, G.W., Van Der Wal, H., Teixeira, H.M., Vester, H.F.M., García, H., Vieira, I.C.G., Jiménez-Montoya, J., De Almeida-Cortez, J.S., Hall, J.S., Chave, J., Zimmerman, J.K., Nieto, J.E., Ferreira, J., Rodríguez-Velázquez, J., Ruíz, J., Barlow, J., Aguilar-Cano, J., Hernández-Stefanoni, J.L., Engel, J., Becknell, J.M., Zanini, K., Lohbeck, M., Tabarelli, M., Romero-Romero, M.A., Uriarte, M., Veloso, M.D.M., Espírito-Santo, M.M., Van Der Sande, M.T., Van Breugel, M., Martínez-Ramos, M., Schwartz, N.B., Norden, N., Pérez-Cárdenas, N., González-Valdivia, N., Petronelli, P., Balvanera, P., Massoca, P., Brancalion, P.H.S., Villa, P.M., Hietz, P., Ostertag, R., López-Camacho, R., César, R.G., Mesquita, R., Chazdon, R.L., Muñoz, R., DeWalt, S.J., Müller, S.C., Durán, S.M., Martins, S.V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Rodríguez-Buritica, S., Aide, T.M., Bentos, T.V., Moreno, V.D.S., Granda, V., Thomas, W., Silver, W.L., Nunes, Y.R.F., and Poorter, L.
Published: 2022

18. Global relationships in tree functional traits

Author: Maynard, DS, Bialic-Murphy, L, Zohner, CM, Averill, C, van den Hoogen, J, Ma, H, Mo, L, Smith, GR, Acosta, ATR, Aubin, I, Berenguer, E, Boonman, CCF, Catford, JA, Cerabolini, BEL, Dias, AS, Gonzalez-Melo, A, Hietz, P, Lusk, CH, Mori, AS, Niinemets, U, Pillar, VD, Pinho, BX, Rosell, JA, Schurr, FM, Sheremetev, SN, da Silva, AC, Sosinski, E, van Bodegom, PM, Weiher, E, Boenisch, G, Kattge, J, Crowther, TW, Maynard, DS, Bialic-Murphy, L, Zohner, CM, Averill, C, van den Hoogen, J, Ma, H, Mo, L, Smith, GR, Acosta, ATR, Aubin, I, Berenguer, E, Boonman, CCF, Catford, JA, Cerabolini, BEL, Dias, AS, Gonzalez-Melo, A, Hietz, P, Lusk, CH, Mori, AS, Niinemets, U, Pillar, VD, Pinho, BX, Rosell, JA, Schurr, FM, Sheremetev, SN, da Silva, AC, Sosinski, E, van Bodegom, PM, Weiher, E, Boenisch, G, Kattge, J, and Crowther, TW
Abstract: Due to massive energetic investments in woody support structures, trees are subject to unique physiological, mechanical, and ecological pressures not experienced by herbaceous plants. Despite a wealth of studies exploring trait relationships across the entire plant kingdom, the dominant traits underpinning these unique aspects of tree form and function remain unclear. Here, by considering 18 functional traits, encompassing leaf, seed, bark, wood, crown, and root characteristics, we quantify the multidimensional relationships in tree trait expression. We find that nearly half of trait variation is captured by two axes: one reflecting leaf economics, the other reflecting tree size and competition for light. Yet these orthogonal axes reveal strong environmental convergence, exhibiting correlated responses to temperature, moisture, and elevation. By subsequently exploring multidimensional trait relationships, we show that the full dimensionality of trait space is captured by eight distinct clusters, each reflecting a unique aspect of tree form and function. Collectively, this work identifies a core set of traits needed to quantify global patterns in functional biodiversity, and it contributes to our fundamental understanding of the functioning of forests worldwide.
Published: 2022

19. Predation on artificial caterpillars following understorey fires in human-modified Amazonian forests

Author: Rossi, LC, Berenguer, E, Lees, AC, Barlow, J, Ferreira, J, França, FM, Tavares, P, Pizo, MA, Rossi, LC, Berenguer, E, Lees, AC, Barlow, J, Ferreira, J, França, FM, Tavares, P, and Pizo, MA
Abstract: Tropical forests are facing several impacts from anthropogenic disturbances, climate change, and extreme climate events, with potentially severe consequences for ecological functions, such as predation on folivorous invertebrates. Folivory has a major influence on tropical forests by affecting plant fitness and overall seedling performance. However, we do not know whether the predation of folivorous arthropods by birds, mammals, reptiles, and other arthropods is affected by anthropogenic disturbances such as selective logging and forest fires. We investigated the impacts of both pre-El Niño human disturbances and the 2015–2016 El Niño understorey fires on the predation of 4500 artificial caterpillars across 30 Amazonian forest plots. Plots were distributed in four pre-El Niño forest classes: undisturbed, logged, logged-and-burned, and secondary forests, of which 14 burned in 2015–16. We found a higher predation incidence in forests that burned during the El Niño in comparison with unburned ones. Moreover, logged-and-burned forests that burned again in 2015–16 were found to have significantly higher predation incidence by vertebrates than other forest classes. However, overall predation incidence in pre-El Niño forest disturbance classes was similar to undisturbed forests. Arthropods were the dominant predators of artificial caterpillars, accounting for 91.5% of total predation attempts. Our results highlight the resilience of predation incidence in human-modified forests, although the mechanisms underpinning this resilience remain unclear. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Published: 2022

20. Resultados de un programa de descolonización de Staphylococcus aureusen cirugía protésica primaria de cadera y rodilla

Author: Yuste Berenguer, E., Colomina Morales, J., Señor Revuelto, P., Drudis Morell, R., Torra Riera, M., Pilares Ortega, E.P., and Trujillano Cabello, J.
Abstract: La detección y descolonización del Staphylococcus aureusprevio a la cirugía, se postula como la opción para disminuir el riesgo de infección en artroplastias. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la efectividad de un programa de cribado de S. aureusen la artroplastia total de rodilla (ATR) y en la artroplastia total de cadera (ATC), la incidencia de infección respecto a una cohorte histórica y su viabilidad económica.
Published: 2023
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21. The Global Ecosystems Monitoring network: Monitoring ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling across the tropics

Author: Malhi, Y, Girardin, C, Metcalfe, DB, Doughty, CE, Aragão, LEOC, Rifai, SW, Oliveras, I, Shenkin, A, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J, Dahlsjö, CAL, Riutta, T, Berenguer, E, Moore, S, Huasco, WH, Salinas, N, da Costa, ACL, Bentley, LP, Adu-Bredu, S, Marthews, TR, Meir, P, and Phillips, OL
Abstract: A rich understanding of the productivity, carbon and nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems is essential in the context of understanding, modelling and managing the future response of the biosphere to global change. This need is particularly acute in tropical ecosystems, home to over 60% of global terrestrial productivity, over half of planetary biodiversity, and hotspots of anthropogenic pressure. In recent years there has been a surge of activity in collecting data on the carbon cycle, productivity, and plant functional traits of tropical ecosystems, most intensively through the Global Ecosystems Monitoring network (GEM). The GEM approach provides valuable insights by linking field-based ecosystem ecology with the needs of Earth system science. In this paper, we review and synthesize the context, history and recent scientific output from the GEM network. Key insights have emerged on the spatial and temporal variability of ecosystem productivity and on the role of temperature and drought stress on ecosystem function and resilience. New work across the network is now linking carbon cycling to nutrient cycling and plant functional traits, and subsequently to airborne remote sensing. We discuss some of the novel emerging patterns and practical and methodological challenges of this approach, and examine current and possible future directions, both within this network and as lessons for a more general terrestrial ecosystem observation scheme.
Published: 2021

22. The contribution of insects to global forest deadwood decomposition

Author: Seibold, S., Rammer, W., Hothorn, T., Seidl, R., Ulyshen, M.D., Lorz, J., Cadotte, M.W., Lindenmayer, D.B., Adhikari, Y.P., Aragon, R., Bae, S., Baldrian, P., Barimani Varandi, H., Barlow, J., Bässler, C., Beauchêne, J., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R.S., Birkemoe, T., Boros, G., Brandl, R., Brustel, H., Burton, P.J., Cakpo-Tossou, Y.T., Castro, J., Cateau, E., Cobb, T.P., Farwig, N., Fernández, R.D., Firn, J., Gan, K.S., González, G., Gossner, M.M., Habel, J.C., Hébert, C., Heibl, C., Heikkala, O., Hemp, A., Hemp, C., Hjältén, J., Hotes, S., Kouki, J., Lachat, T., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Luo, Y-H, Macandog, D.M., Martina, P.E., Mukul, S.A., Nachin, B., Nisbet, K., O’Halloran, J., Oxbrough, A., Pandey, J.N., Pavlíček, T., Pawson, S.M., Rakotondranary, J.S., Ramanamanjato, J-B, Rossi, L., Schmidl, J., Schulze, M., Seaton, S., Stone, M.J., Stork, N.E., Suran, B., Sverdrup-Thygeson, A., Thorn, S., Thyagarajan, G., Wardlaw, T.J., Weisser, W.W., Yoon, S., Zhang, N., Müller, J., Seibold, S., Rammer, W., Hothorn, T., Seidl, R., Ulyshen, M.D., Lorz, J., Cadotte, M.W., Lindenmayer, D.B., Adhikari, Y.P., Aragon, R., Bae, S., Baldrian, P., Barimani Varandi, H., Barlow, J., Bässler, C., Beauchêne, J., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R.S., Birkemoe, T., Boros, G., Brandl, R., Brustel, H., Burton, P.J., Cakpo-Tossou, Y.T., Castro, J., Cateau, E., Cobb, T.P., Farwig, N., Fernández, R.D., Firn, J., Gan, K.S., González, G., Gossner, M.M., Habel, J.C., Hébert, C., Heibl, C., Heikkala, O., Hemp, A., Hemp, C., Hjältén, J., Hotes, S., Kouki, J., Lachat, T., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Luo, Y-H, Macandog, D.M., Martina, P.E., Mukul, S.A., Nachin, B., Nisbet, K., O’Halloran, J., Oxbrough, A., Pandey, J.N., Pavlíček, T., Pawson, S.M., Rakotondranary, J.S., Ramanamanjato, J-B, Rossi, L., Schmidl, J., Schulze, M., Seaton, S., Stone, M.J., Stork, N.E., Suran, B., Sverdrup-Thygeson, A., Thorn, S., Thyagarajan, G., Wardlaw, T.J., Weisser, W.W., Yoon, S., Zhang, N., and Müller, J.
Abstract: The amount of carbon stored in deadwood is equivalent to about 8 per cent of the global forest carbon stocks1. The decomposition of deadwood is largely governed by climate2,3,4,5 with decomposer groups—such as microorganisms and insects—contributing to variations in the decomposition rates2,6,7. At the global scale, the contribution of insects to the decomposition of deadwood and carbon release remains poorly understood7. Here we present a field experiment of wood decomposition across 55 forest sites and 6 continents. We find that the deadwood decomposition rates increase with temperature, and the strongest temperature effect is found at high precipitation levels. Precipitation affects the decomposition rates negatively at low temperatures and positively at high temperatures. As a net effect—including the direct consumption by insects and indirect effects through interactions with microorganisms—insects accelerate the decomposition in tropical forests (3.9% median mass loss per year). In temperate and boreal forests, we find weak positive and negative effects with a median mass loss of 0.9 per cent and −0.1 per cent per year, respectively. Furthermore, we apply the experimentally derived decomposition function to a global map of deadwood carbon synthesized from empirical and remote-sensing data, obtaining an estimate of 10.9 ± 3.2 petagram of carbon per year released from deadwood globally, with 93 per cent originating from tropical forests. Globally, the net effect of insects may account for 29 per cent of the carbon flux from deadwood, which suggests a functional importance of insects in the decomposition of deadwood and the carbon cycle.
Published: 2021

23. Spatio-Temporal variation in dry season determines the Amazonian fire calendar

Author: Carvalho, N.S., Anderson, L.O., Nunes, C.A., Pessôa, A.C.M., Silva Junior, C.H.L., Reis, J.B.C., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Carvalho, N.S., Anderson, L.O., Nunes, C.A., Pessôa, A.C.M., Silva Junior, C.H.L., Reis, J.B.C., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., and Aragão, L.E.O.C.
Abstract: Fire is one of the main anthropogenic drivers that threatens the Amazon. Despite the clear link between rainfall and fire, the spatial and temporal relationship between these variables is still poorly understood in the Amazon. Here, we stratified the Amazon basin according to the dry season onset/end and investigated its relationship with the spatio-Temporal variation of fire. We used monthly time series of active fires from 2003 to 2019 to characterize the fire dynamics throughout the year and to identify the fire peak months. More than 50% (32 246) of the annual mean active fires occurred in the peak month. In 52% of the cells, the peaks occurred between August-September and in 48% between October-March, showing well-defined seasonal patterns related to spatio-Temporal variation of the dry season. Fire peaks occurred in the last two months of the dry season in 67% of the cells and in 20% in the first month of the rainy season. The shorter the dry season, the more concentrated was the occurrence of active fires in the peak month, with a predominance above 70% in cells with a dry season between one and three months. We defined a Critical Fire Period by identifying the consecutive months that concentrated at least 80% of active fires in the year. This period included two to three months between January and March in the northwest, and in the far north it lasted up to seven months, ending in March-April. In the south, it varied between two and three months, starting in August. In the northeast, it was three to four months, between August and December. By quantifying the role of the dry season in driving fire seasonality across the Amazon basin, we provide recommendations to monitor fire dynamics that can support decision makers in management policies and measures to avoid environmentally or socially harmful fires.
Published: 2021

24. The COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity to weaken environmental protection in Brazil

Author: Vale, M.M., Berenguer, E., Argollo de Menezes, M., Viveiros de Castro, E.B., Pugliese de Siqueira, L., Portela, R.D.C.Q., Vale, M.M., Berenguer, E., Argollo de Menezes, M., Viveiros de Castro, E.B., Pugliese de Siqueira, L., and Portela, R.D.C.Q.
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on environmental protection and legislation in Brazil. We evaluate major legislative actions, environmental fines and deforestation since January 2019. We show that 57 legislative acts aimed at weakening environmental protection in Brazil during the current administration, almost half of which in the seven-month period of the pandemic in Brazil, with September 2020 as the month with the most legislative acts (n = 16). These acts either deregulated or weakened current environmental legislation, with a number of them aimed at dismantling the main federal institutions in charge of environmental protection. We also found a 72% reduction in environmental fines during the pandemic, despite an increase in Amazonian deforestation during this period. We conclude that the current administration is taking advantage of the COVID-19 pandemic to intensify a pattern of weakening environmental protection in Brazil. This has the potential to intensify ongoing loss of biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and the likelihood of other zoonotic disease outbreaks, and inflict substantial harm to traditional and indigenous peoples. We highlight the key role of the scientific community, media and civil society, national and international levels, in order to reverse these harmful actions.
Published: 2021

25. Amazon tree dominance across forest strata

Author: Draper, F.C., Costa, F.R.C., Arellano, G., Phillips, O.L., Duque, A., Macía, M.J., ter Steege, H., Asner, G.P., Berenguer, E., Schietti, J., Socolar, J.B., de Souza, F.C., Dexter, K.G., Jørgensen, P.M., Tello, J.S., Magnusson, W.E., Baker, T.R., Castilho, C.V., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Fine, P.V.A., Ruokolainen, K., Coronado, E.N.H., Aymard, G., Dávila, N., Sáenz, M.S., Paredes, M.A.R., Engel, J., Fortunel, C., Paine, C.E.T., Goret, J.-Y., Dourdain, A., Petronelli, P., Allie, E., Andino, J.E.G., Brienen, R.J.W., Pérez, L.C., Manzatto, Â.G., Zambrana, N.Y.P., Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Chave, J., Fauset, S., Villacorta, R.G., Réjou-Méchain, M., Berry, P.E., Melgaço, K., Feldpausch, T.R., Sandoval, E.V., Martinez, R.V., Mesones, I., Junqueira, A.B., Roucoux, K.H., de Toledo, J.J., Andrade, A.C., Camargo, J.L., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Santana, F.D., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G., Lovejoy, T.E., Comiskey, J.A., Galbraith, D.R., Kalamandeen, M., Aguilar, G.E.N., Arenas, J.V., Guerra, C.A.A., Flores, M., Llampazo, G.F., Montenegro, L.A.T., Gomez, R.Z., Pansonato, M.P., Moscoso, V.C., Vleminckx, J., Barrantes, O.J.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., de Sousa, S.A., Arroyo, L., Perdiz, R.O., Cravo, J.S., Marimon, B.S., Junior, B.H.M., Carvalho, F.A., Damasco, G., Disney, M., Vital, M.S., Diaz, P.R.S., Vicentini, A., Nascimento, H., Higuchi, N., Van Andel, T., Malhi, Y., Ribeiro, S.C., Terborgh, J.W., Thomas, R.S., Dallmeier, F., Prieto, A., Hilário, R.R., Salomão, R.P., Silva, R.C., Casas, L.F., Vieira, I.C.G., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arevalo, F.R., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Torre, E.V., Peñuela, M.C., Killeen, T.J., Pardo, G., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Castro, W., Cabrera, D.G., Pipoly, J., de Sousa, T.R., Silvera, M., Vos, V., Neill, D., Vargas, P.N., Vela, D.M., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Umetsu, R.K., Sierra, R., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Prestes, N.C.C.S., Massi, K.G., Huaymacari, J.R., Gutierrez, G.A.P., Aldana, A.M., Alexiades, M.N., Baccaro, F., Céron, C., Muelbert, A.E., Rios, J.M.G., Lima, A.S., Lloyd, J.L., Pitman, N.C.A., Gamarra, L.V., Oroche, C.J.C., Fuentes, A.F., Palacios, W., Patiño, S., Torres-Lezama, A., Baraloto, C., Draper, F.C., Costa, F.R.C., Arellano, G., Phillips, O.L., Duque, A., Macía, M.J., ter Steege, H., Asner, G.P., Berenguer, E., Schietti, J., Socolar, J.B., de Souza, F.C., Dexter, K.G., Jørgensen, P.M., Tello, J.S., Magnusson, W.E., Baker, T.R., Castilho, C.V., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Fine, P.V.A., Ruokolainen, K., Coronado, E.N.H., Aymard, G., Dávila, N., Sáenz, M.S., Paredes, M.A.R., Engel, J., Fortunel, C., Paine, C.E.T., Goret, J.-Y., Dourdain, A., Petronelli, P., Allie, E., Andino, J.E.G., Brienen, R.J.W., Pérez, L.C., Manzatto, Â.G., Zambrana, N.Y.P., Molino, J.-F., Sabatier, D., Chave, J., Fauset, S., Villacorta, R.G., Réjou-Méchain, M., Berry, P.E., Melgaço, K., Feldpausch, T.R., Sandoval, E.V., Martinez, R.V., Mesones, I., Junqueira, A.B., Roucoux, K.H., de Toledo, J.J., Andrade, A.C., Camargo, J.L., del Aguila Pasquel, J., Santana, F.D., Laurance, W.F., Laurance, S.G., Lovejoy, T.E., Comiskey, J.A., Galbraith, D.R., Kalamandeen, M., Aguilar, G.E.N., Arenas, J.V., Guerra, C.A.A., Flores, M., Llampazo, G.F., Montenegro, L.A.T., Gomez, R.Z., Pansonato, M.P., Moscoso, V.C., Vleminckx, J., Barrantes, O.J.V., Duivenvoorden, J.F., de Sousa, S.A., Arroyo, L., Perdiz, R.O., Cravo, J.S., Marimon, B.S., Junior, B.H.M., Carvalho, F.A., Damasco, G., Disney, M., Vital, M.S., Diaz, P.R.S., Vicentini, A., Nascimento, H., Higuchi, N., Van Andel, T., Malhi, Y., Ribeiro, S.C., Terborgh, J.W., Thomas, R.S., Dallmeier, F., Prieto, A., Hilário, R.R., Salomão, R.P., Silva, R.C., Casas, L.F., Vieira, I.C.G., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arevalo, F.R., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Torre, E.V., Peñuela, M.C., Killeen, T.J., Pardo, G., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Castro, W., Cabrera, D.G., Pipoly, J., de Sousa, T.R., Silvera, M., Vos, V., Neill, D., Vargas, P.N., Vela, D.M., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Umetsu, R.K., Sierra, R., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Prestes, N.C.C.S., Massi, K.G., Huaymacari, J.R., Gutierrez, G.A.P., Aldana, A.M., Alexiades, M.N., Baccaro, F., Céron, C., Muelbert, A.E., Rios, J.M.G., Lima, A.S., Lloyd, J.L., Pitman, N.C.A., Gamarra, L.V., Oroche, C.J.C., Fuentes, A.F., Palacios, W., Patiño, S., Torres-Lezama, A., and Baraloto, C.
Abstract: The forests of Amazonia are among the most biodiverse plant communities on Earth. Given the immediate threats posed by climate and land-use change, an improved understanding of how this extraordinary biodiversity is spatially organized is urgently required to develop effective conservation strategies. Most Amazonian tree species are extremely rare but a few are common across the region. Indeed, just 227 ‘hyperdominant’ species account for >50% of all individuals >10 cm diameter at 1.3 m in height. Yet, the degree to which the phenomenon of hyperdominance is sensitive to tree size, the extent to which the composition of dominant species changes with size class and how evolutionary history constrains tree hyperdominance, all remain unknown. Here, we use a large floristic dataset to show that, while hyperdominance is a universal phenomenon across forest strata, different species dominate the forest understory, midstory and canopy. We further find that, although species belonging to a range of phylogenetically dispersed lineages have become hyperdominant in small size classes, hyperdominants in large size classes are restricted to a few lineages. Our results demonstrate that it is essential to consider all forest strata to understand regional patterns of dominance and composition in Amazonia. More generally, through the lens of 654 hyperdominant species, we outline a tractable pathway for understanding the functioning of half of Amazonian forests across vertical strata and geographical locations.
Published: 2021

26. Amazonian forest degradation must be incorporated into the COP26 agenda

Author: Silva Junior, C.H.L., Carvalho, N.S., Pessôa, A.C.M., Reis, J.B.C., Pontes-Lopes, A., Doblas, J., Heinrich, V., Campanharo, W., Alencar, A., Silva, C., Lapola, D.M., Armenteras, D., Matricardi, E.A.T., Berenguer, E., Cassol, H., Numata, I., House, J., Ferreira, J., Barlow, J., Gatti, L., Brando, P., Fearnside, P.M., Saatchi, S., Silva, S., Sitch, S., Aguiar, A.P., Vancutsem, C., Achard, F., Beuchle, R., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Anderson, L.O., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Silva Junior, C.H.L., Carvalho, N.S., Pessôa, A.C.M., Reis, J.B.C., Pontes-Lopes, A., Doblas, J., Heinrich, V., Campanharo, W., Alencar, A., Silva, C., Lapola, D.M., Armenteras, D., Matricardi, E.A.T., Berenguer, E., Cassol, H., Numata, I., House, J., Ferreira, J., Barlow, J., Gatti, L., Brando, P., Fearnside, P.M., Saatchi, S., Silva, S., Sitch, S., Aguiar, A.P., Vancutsem, C., Achard, F., Beuchle, R., Shimabukuro, Y.E., Anderson, L.O., and Aragão, L.E.O.C.
Published: 2021

27. Tracking the impacts of El Niño drought and fire in human-modified Amazonian forests

Author: Berenguer, E., Lennox, G.D., Ferreira, J., Malhi, Y., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Barreto, J.R., Del Bon Espírito-Santo, F., Figueiredo, A.E.S., França, F., Gardner, T.A., Joly, C.A., Palmeira, A.F., Quesada, C.A., Rossi, L.C., de Seixas, M.M.M., Smith, C.C., Withey, K., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Lennox, G.D., Ferreira, J., Malhi, Y., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Barreto, J.R., Del Bon Espírito-Santo, F., Figueiredo, A.E.S., França, F., Gardner, T.A., Joly, C.A., Palmeira, A.F., Quesada, C.A., Rossi, L.C., de Seixas, M.M.M., Smith, C.C., Withey, K., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: With humanity facing an unprecedented climate crisis, the conservation of tropical forests has never been so important – their vast terrestrial carbon stocks can be turned into emissions by climatic and human disturbances. However, the duration of these effects is poorly understood, and it is unclear whether impacts are amplified in forests with a history of previous human disturbance. Here, we focus on the Amazonian epicenter of the 2015–16 El Niño, a region that encompasses 1.2% of the Brazilian Amazon. We quantify, at high temporal resolution, the impacts of an extreme El Niño (EN) drought and extensive forest fires on plant mortality and carbon loss in undisturbed and human-modified forests. Mortality remained higher than pre-El Niño levels for 36 mo in EN-drought–affected forests and for 30 mo in EN-fire–affected forests. In EN-fire–affected forests, human disturbance significantly increased plant mortality. Our investigation of the ecological and physiological predictors of tree mortality showed that trees with lower wood density, bark thickness and leaf nitrogen content, as well as those that experienced greater fire intensity, were more vulnerable. Across the region, the 2015–16 El Niño led to the death of an estimated 2.5 ± 0.3 billion stems, resulting in emissions of 495 ± 94 Tg CO2. Three years after the El Niño, plant growth and recruitment had offset only 37% of emissions. Our results show that limiting forest disturbance will not only help maintain carbon stocks, but will also maximize the resistance of Amazonian forests if fires do occur.*
Published: 2021

28. Leaf-litter production in human-modified Amazonian forests following the El Niño-mediated drought and fires of 2015–2016

Author: Oliveira de Morais, T.M., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., França, F., Lennox, G.D., Malhi, Y., Chesini Rossi, L., Maria Moraes de Seixas, M., Ferreira, J., Oliveira de Morais, T.M., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., França, F., Lennox, G.D., Malhi, Y., Chesini Rossi, L., Maria Moraes de Seixas, M., and Ferreira, J.
Abstract: Leaf-litter production is an essential part of the carbon cycle of tropical forests. In the Amazon, it is influenced by climate, presenting high levels during the driest months of the year. However, it is less established how extreme climatic events may impact leaf-litter production in the long term. Even more unclear is how litter production is affected by human-driven disturbances. Here we examine the effects of the 2015–16 El Niño drought and subsequent fires in the leaf-litter production of human-modified Amazonian forests, thus investigating the interactions of a climatic extreme with anthropogenic disturbances on this key process of the Amazonian carbon cycle. We sampled leaf litter from April 2015 until March 2019 across 20 plots located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, in a total of 11,548 samples. Plots were distributed along a pre-El Niño gradient of human disturbance, including undisturbed, logged, logged-and-burned, and secondary forests. All plots were impacted by the extreme drought caused by the 2015–16 El Niño, and eight were also impacted by understory fires. We found a significant and non-linear relationship between precipitation and monthly leaf-litter production – above 300 mm of monthly precipitation, the production of leaf-litter becomes independent of rainfall. Surprisingly, this relationship was not influenced by pre-El Niño forest disturbance class. During the El Niño, leaf-litter production was higher, decreasing sharply in the following year, especially in El Niño-fire-affected forests. Between 2017 and 2019, all forests experienced a gradual increase in the production of leaf litter. However, the mechanisms behind this increase remain unclear and are likely different between forests affected only by the El Niño drought and those affected by both the drought and fires. Our results suggest that while leaf-litter production may be insensitive to past human disturbances, it is affected, in the short term, by extreme climatic events, especiall
Published: 2021

29. Reassessing the role of cattle and pasture in Brazil's deforestation:A response to “Fire, deforestation, and livestock: When the smoke clears”

Author: França, F., Solar, R., Lees, A.C., Martins, L.P., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., França, F., Solar, R., Lees, A.C., Martins, L.P., Berenguer, E., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Silva et al. (Land Use Policy, 21 July 2020) offer an assessment of the links between deforestation, livestock production and exports in Brazil. Their analysis, based on relative changes in beef production and pasture area across the whole of Brazil, showed an “apparent decoupling of the link between beef production and deforestation in Brazil”. In reanalysing these links, we find that Silva et al. underestimate the strong, positive and significant associations between Brazilian livestock production and deforestation. Moreover, despite focusing the title, abstract and the beginning of their manuscript on the Amazon, their analyses are conducted at the national level, and fail to recognise marked differences in the development trajectories of Brazilian biomes, and that most of the recent pasture expansion in Brazil has replaced Amazonian forests. To progress any debate and aid decision-making regarding land-use changes in the Amazon, a region often in the spotlight and subjected to many debates that lack evidence, scientists must be open and scrupulous with their data sources and analyses. © 2020
Published: 2021

30. Assessing invertebrate herbivory in human-modified tropical forest canopies

Author: Barreto, J.R., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Joly, C.A., Malhi, Y., de Seixas, M.M.M., Barlow, J., Barreto, J.R., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Joly, C.A., Malhi, Y., de Seixas, M.M.M., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Studies on the effects of human-driven forest disturbance usually focus on either biodiversity or carbon dynamics but much less is known about ecosystem processes that span different trophic levels. Herbivory is a fundamental ecological process for ecosystem functioning, but it remains poorly quantified in human-modified tropical rainforests. Here, we present the results of the largest study to date on the impacts of human disturbances on herbivory. We quantified the incidence (percentage of leaves affected) and severity (the percentage of leaf area lost) of canopy insect herbivory caused by chewers, miners, and gall makers in leaves from 1,076 trees distributed across 20 undisturbed and human-modified forest plots in the Amazon. We found that chewers dominated herbivory incidence, yet were not a good predictor of the other forms of herbivory at either the stem or plot level. Chewing severity was higher in both logged and logged-and-burned primary forests when compared to undisturbed forests. We found no difference in herbivory severity between undisturbed primary forests and secondary forests. Despite evidence at the stem level, neither plot-level incidence nor severity of the three forms of herbivory responded to disturbance. Synthesis. Our large-scale study of canopy herbivory confirms that chewers dominate the herbivory signal in tropical forests, but that their influence on leaf area lost cannot predict the incidence or severity of other forms. We found only limited evidence suggesting that human disturbance affects the severity of leaf herbivory, with higher values in logged and logged-and-burned forests than undisturbed and secondary forests. Additionally, we found no effect of human disturbance on the incidence of leaf herbivory.
Published: 2021

31. Improving the spatial-temporal analysis of Amazonian fires

Author: Berenguer, E., Carvalho, N., Anderson, L.O., Aragão, L.E.O.C., França, F., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Carvalho, N., Anderson, L.O., Aragão, L.E.O.C., França, F., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: There is a growing interest in Amazonian fires, accompanied by a substantial increase in research in the subject. Here, we list five common misunderstandings about Amazonian climate, vegetation, fires and the deforestation process to help to support future research.
Published: 2021

32. Acoustic indices perform better when applied at ecologically meaningful time and frequency scales

Author: Metcalf, O.C., Barlow, J., Devenish, C., Marsden, S., Berenguer, E., Lees, A.C., Metcalf, O.C., Barlow, J., Devenish, C., Marsden, S., Berenguer, E., and Lees, A.C.
Abstract: Acoustic indices are increasingly employed in the analysis of soundscapes to ascertain biodiversity value. However, conflicting results and lack of consensus on best practices for their usage has hindered their application in conservation and land-use management contexts. Here we propose that the sensitivity of acoustic indices to ecological change and fidelity of acoustic indices to ecological communities are negatively impacted by signal masking. Signal masking can occur when acoustic responses of taxa sensitive to the effect of interest are masked by less-sensitive acoustic groups, or target taxa sonification is masked by non-target noise. We argue that by calculating acoustic indices at ecologically appropriate time and frequency bins, masking effects can be reduced and the efficacy of indices increased. We test this on a large acoustic dataset collected in Eastern Amazonia spanning a disturbance gradient of undisturbed, logged, burned, logged-and-burned and secondary forests. We calculated values for two acoustic indices: the Acoustic Complexity Index and the Bioacoustic Index, across the entire frequency spectrum (0–22.1 kHz), and four narrower subsets of the frequency spectrum; at dawn, day, dusk and night. We show that signal masking has a large impact on the sensitivity of acoustic indices to forest disturbance classes. Calculating acoustic indices at a range of narrower time–frequency bins substantially increases the classification accuracy of forest classes by random forest models. Furthermore, signal masking led to misleading correlations, including spurious inverse correlations, between biodiversity indicator metrics and acoustic index values compared to correlations derived from manual sampling of the audio data. Consequently, we recommend that acoustic indices are calculated either at a range of time and frequency bins, or at a single narrow bin, predetermined by a priori ecological understanding of the soundscape. © 2020 British Ecological Society
Published: 2021

33. Pantropical modelling of canopy functional traits using Sentinel-2 remote sensing data

Author: Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Rifai, S., Shenkin, A., Oliveras, I., Bentley, L.P., Svátek, M., Girardin, C.A.J., Both, S., Riutta, T., Berenguer, E., Kissling, W.D., Bauman, D., Raab, N., Moore, S., Farfan-Rios, W., Figueiredo, A.E.S., Reis, S.M., Ndong, J.E., Ondo, F.E., N'ssi Bengone, N., Mihindou, V., Moraes de Seixas, M.M., Adu-Bredu, S., Abernethy, K., Asner, G.P., Barlow, J., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Coomes, D.A., Cernusak, L.A., Dargie, G.C., Enquist, B.J., Ewers, R.M., Ferreira, J., Jeffery, K.J., Joly, C.A., Lewis, S.L., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Martin, R.E., Morandi, P.S., Phillips, O.L., Quesada, C.A., Salinas, N., Schwantes Marimon, B., Silman, M., Teh, Y.A., White, L.J.T., Malhi, Y., Aguirre-Gutiérrez, J., Rifai, S., Shenkin, A., Oliveras, I., Bentley, L.P., Svátek, M., Girardin, C.A.J., Both, S., Riutta, T., Berenguer, E., Kissling, W.D., Bauman, D., Raab, N., Moore, S., Farfan-Rios, W., Figueiredo, A.E.S., Reis, S.M., Ndong, J.E., Ondo, F.E., N'ssi Bengone, N., Mihindou, V., Moraes de Seixas, M.M., Adu-Bredu, S., Abernethy, K., Asner, G.P., Barlow, J., Burslem, D.F.R.P., Coomes, D.A., Cernusak, L.A., Dargie, G.C., Enquist, B.J., Ewers, R.M., Ferreira, J., Jeffery, K.J., Joly, C.A., Lewis, S.L., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Martin, R.E., Morandi, P.S., Phillips, O.L., Quesada, C.A., Salinas, N., Schwantes Marimon, B., Silman, M., Teh, Y.A., White, L.J.T., and Malhi, Y.
Abstract: Tropical forest ecosystems are undergoing rapid transformation as a result of changing environmental conditions and direct human impacts. However, we cannot adequately understand, monitor or simulate tropical ecosystem responses to environmental changes without capturing the high diversity of plant functional characteristics in the species-rich tropics. Failure to do so can oversimplify our understanding of ecosystems responses to environmental disturbances. Innovative methods and data products are needed to track changes in functional trait composition in tropical forest ecosystems through time and space. This study aimed to track key functional traits by coupling Sentinel-2 derived variables with a unique data set of precisely located in-situ measurements of canopy functional traits collected from 2434 individual trees across the tropics using a standardised methodology. The functional traits and vegetation censuses were collected from 47 field plots in the countries of Australia, Brazil, Peru, Gabon, Ghana, and Malaysia, which span the four tropical continents. The spatial positions of individual trees above 10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were mapped and their canopy size and shape recorded. Using geo-located tree canopy size and shape data, community-level trait values were estimated at the same spatial resolution as Sentinel-2 imagery (i.e. 10 m pixels). We then used the Geographic Random Forest (GRF) to model and predict functional traits across our plots. We demonstrate that key plant functional traits can be accurately predicted across the tropicsusing the high spatial and spectral resolution of Sentinel-2 imagery in conjunction with climatic and soil information. Image textural parameters were found to be key components of remote sensing information for predicting functional traits across tropical forests and woody savannas. Leaf thickness (R2 = 0.52) obtained the highest prediction accuracy among the morphological and structural traits and leaf carb
Published: 2021

34. Rainforest-to-pasture conversion stimulates soil methanogenesis across the Brazilian Amazon

Author: Kroeger, M.E., Meredith, L.K., Meyer, K.M., Webster, K.D., de Camargo, P.B., de Souza, L.F., Tsai, S.M., van Haren, J., Saleska, S., Bohannan, B.J.M., Rodrigues, J.L.M., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., Nüsslein, K., Kroeger, M.E., Meredith, L.K., Meyer, K.M., Webster, K.D., de Camargo, P.B., de Souza, L.F., Tsai, S.M., van Haren, J., Saleska, S., Bohannan, B.J.M., Rodrigues, J.L.M., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., and Nüsslein, K.
Abstract: The Amazon rainforest is a biodiversity hotspot and large terrestrial carbon sink threatened by agricultural conversion. Rainforest-to-pasture conversion stimulates the release of methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The biotic methane cycle is driven by microorganisms; therefore, this study focused on active methane-cycling microorganisms and their functions across land-use types. We collected intact soil cores from three land use types (primary rainforest, pasture, and secondary rainforest) of two geographically distinct areas of the Brazilian Amazon (Santarém, Pará and Ariquemes, Rondônia) and performed DNA stable-isotope probing coupled with metagenomics to identify the active methanotrophs and methanogens. At both locations, we observed a significant change in the composition of the isotope-labeled methane-cycling microbial community across land use types, specifically an increase in the abundance and diversity of active methanogens in pastures. We conclude that a significant increase in the abundance and activity of methanogens in pasture soils could drive increased soil methane emissions. Furthermore, we found that secondary rainforests had decreased methanogenic activity similar to primary rainforests, and thus a potential to recover as methane sinks, making it conceivable for forest restoration to offset greenhouse gas emissions in the tropics. These findings are critical for informing land management practices and global tropical rainforest conservation.
Published: 2021

35. Reassessing the role of cattle and pasture in Brazil's deforestation : A response to “Fire, deforestation, and livestock: When the smoke clears”

Author: França, F., Solar, R., Lees, A.C., Martins, L.P., Berenguer, E., Barlow, J., França, F., Solar, R., Lees, A.C., Martins, L.P., Berenguer, E., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Silva et al. (Land Use Policy, 21 July 2020) offer an assessment of the links between deforestation, livestock production and exports in Brazil. Their analysis, based on relative changes in beef production and pasture area across the whole of Brazil, showed an “apparent decoupling of the link between beef production and deforestation in Brazil”. In reanalysing these links, we find that Silva et al. underestimate the strong, positive and significant associations between Brazilian livestock production and deforestation. Moreover, despite focusing the title, abstract and the beginning of their manuscript on the Amazon, their analyses are conducted at the national level, and fail to recognise marked differences in the development trajectories of Brazilian biomes, and that most of the recent pasture expansion in Brazil has replaced Amazonian forests. To progress any debate and aid decision-making regarding land-use changes in the Amazon, a region often in the spotlight and subjected to many debates that lack evidence, scientists must be open and scrupulous with their data sources and analyses. © 2020
Published: 2021

36. ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT: Brazilʼs environmental leadership at risk

Author: Ferreira, J., Aragão, L. E. O. C., Barlow, J., Barreto, P., Berenguer, E., Bustamante, M., Gardner, T. A., Lees, A. C., Lima, A., Louzada, J., Pardini, R., Parry, L., Peres, C. A., Pompeu, P. S., Tabarelli, M., and Zuanon, J.
Published: 2014
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37. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author: Kattge, J., Bonisch, G., Diaz, S., Lavorel, S., Prentice, I. C., Leadley, P., Tautenhahn, S., Werner, G. D. A., Aakala, T., Abedi, M., Acosta, A. T. R., Adamidis, G. C., Adamson, K., Aiba, M., Albert, C. H., Alcantara, J. M., Alcazar, C C., Aleixo, I., Ali, H., Amiaud, B., Ammer, C., Amoroso, M. M., Anand, M., Anderson, C., Anten, N., Antos, J., Apgaua, D. M. G., Ashman, T. L., Asmara, D. H., Asner, G. P., Aspinwall, M., Atkin, O., Aubin, I., Baastrup-Spohr, L., Bahalkeh, K., Bahn, M., Baker, T., Baker, W. J., Bakker, J. P., Baldocchi, D., Baltzer, J., Banerjee, A., Baranger, A., Barlow, J., Barneche, D. R., Baruch, Z., Bastianelli, D., Battles, J., Bauerle, W., Bauters, M., Bazzato, E., Beckmann, M., Beeckman, H., Beierkuhnlein, C., Bekker, R., Belfry, G., Belluau, M., Beloiu, M., Benavides, R., Benomar, L., Berdugo-Lattke, M. L., Berenguer, E., Bergamin, R., Bergmann, J., Bergmann Carlucci, M., Berner, L., Bernhardt Romermann, M., Bigler, C., Bjorkman, A. D., Blackman, C., Blanco, C., Blonder, B., Blumenthal, D., Bocanegra Gonzalez, K. T., Boeckx, P., Bohlman, S., Bohning Gaese, K., Boisvert Marsh, L., Bond, W., Bond-Lamberty, B., Boom, A., Boonman, C. C. F., Bordin, K., Boughton, E. H., Boukili, V., Bowman, D. M. J. S., Bravo, S., Brende, l M. R., Broadley, M. R., Brown, K. A., Bruelheide, H., Brumnich, F., Bruun, H. H., Bruy, D., Buchanan, S. W., Bucher, S. F., Buchmann, N., Buitenwerf, R., Bunker, D. E., Burge, r J., Burrascano, S., Burslem, D. F. R. P., Butterfield, B. J., Byun, C., Marques, M., Scalon, M. C., Caccianiga, M., Cadotte, M., Cailleret, M., Camac, J., Camarero, J. J., Campany, C., Campetella, G., Campos, J. A., Cano Arboleda, L., Canullo, R., Carbognani, M., Carvalho, F., Casanoves, F., Castagneyrol, B., Catford, J. A., Cavender Bares, J., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Cervellini, M., Chacon Madrigal, E., Chapin, K., Chapin, F. S., Chelli, S., Chen, S. C., Chen, A., Cherubini, P., Chianucci, F., Choat, B., Chung, K. S., Chytry, M., Ciccarelli, D., Coll, L., Collins, C. G., Conti, L., Coomes, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Cornwell, W. K., Corona, P., Coyea, M., Craine, J., Craven, D., Cromsigt, J. P. G. M., Csecserits, A., Cufar, K., Cuntz, M., da Silva, A. C., Dahlin, K. M., Dainese, M., Dalke, I., Dalle Fratte, M., Dang Le, A. T., Danihelka, J., Dannoura, M., Dawson, S., de Beer, A. J., De Frutos, A., De Long, J. R., Dechant, B., Delagrange, S., Delpierre, N., Derroire, G., Dias, A. S., Diaz Toribio, M. H., Dimitrakopoulos, P. G., Dobrowolski, M., Doktor, D., Drevojan, P., Dong, N., Dransfield, J., Dressler, S., Duarte, L., Ducouret, E., Dullinger, S., Durka, W., Duursma, R., Dymova, O., E- Vojtko, A., Eckstein, R. L., Ejtehadi, H., Elser, J., Emilio, T., Engemann, K., Erfanian, M. B., Erfmeier, A., Esquivel Muelbert, A., Esser, G., Estiarte, M., Domingues, T. F., Fagan, W. F., Fagundez, J., Falster, D. S., Fan, Y., Fang, J., Farris, E., Fazlioglu, F., Feng, Y., Fernandez, Mendez, Ferrara, C., Ferreira, J., Fidelis, A., Finegan, B., Firn, J., Flowers, T. J., Flynn, D. F. B., Fontana, V., Forey, E., Forgiarini, C., Francois, L., Frangipani, M., Frank, D., Frenette Dussault, C., Freschet, G. T., Fry, E. L., Fyllas, N. M., Mazzochini, G. G., Gachet, S., Gallagher, R., Ganade, G., Ganga, F., Garcia Palacios, P., Gargaglione, V., Garnier, E., Garrido, J. L., de Gasper, A. L., Gea Izquierdo, G., Gibson, D., Gillison, A. N., Giroldo, A., Glasenhardt, M. C., Gleason, S., Gliesch, M., Goldberg, E., Goldel, B., Gonzalez Akre, E., Gonzalez Andujar, J. L., Gonzalez Melo, A., Gonzalez Robles, A., Graae, B. J., Granda, E., Graves, S., Green, W. A., Gregor, T., Gross, N., Guerin, G. R., Gunther, A., Gutierrez, A. G., Haddock, L., Haines, A., Hall, J., Hambuckers, A., Han, W., Harrison, S. P., Hattingh, W., Hawes, J. E., He, T., He, P., Heberling, J. M., Helm, A., Hempel, S., Hentschel, J., Herault, B., Heres, A. M., Herz, K., Heuertz, M., Hickler, T., Hietz, P., Higuchi, P., Hipp, A. L., Hirons, A., Hock, M., Hogan, J. A., Holl, K., Honnay, O., Hornstein, D., Hou, E., Hough Snee, N., Hovstad, K. A., Ichie, T., Igic, B., Illa, E., Isaac, M., Ishihara, M., Ivanov, L., Ivanova, L., Iversen, C. M., Izquierdo, J., Jackson, R. B., Jackson, B., Jactel, H., Jagodzinsk, A. M., Jandt, U., Jansen, S., Jenkins, T., Jentsch, A., Jespersen, J. R. P., Jiang, G. F., Johansen, J. L., Johnson, D., Jokela, E. J., Joly, C. A., Jordan, G. J., Joseph, G. S., Junaedi, D., Junker, R. R., Justes, E., Kabzems, R., Kane, J., Kaplan, Z., Kattenborn, T., Kavelenova, L., Kearsley, E., Kempel, A., Kenzo, T., Kerkhoff, A., Khalil, M. I., Kinlock, N. L., Kissling, W. D., Kitajima, K., Kitzberger, T., Kjoller, R., Klein, T., Kleyer, M., Klimesova, J., Klipel, J., Kloeppel, B., Klotz, S., Knops, J. M. H., Kohyama, T., Koike, F., Kollmann, J., Komac, B., Komatsu, K., Konig, C., Kraft, N. J. B., Kramer, K., Kreft, H., Kuhn, I., Kumarathune, D., Kuppler, J., Kurokawa, H., Kurosawa, Y., Kuyah, S., Laclau, J. P., Lafleur, B., Lallai, E., Lamb, E., Lamprecht, A., Larkin, D. J., Laughlin, D., Le Bagousse Pinguet, Y., le Maire, G., le Roux, P. C., le Roux, E., Lee, T., Lens, F., Lewis, S. L., Lhotsky, B., Li, Y., Li, X., Lichstein, J. W., Liebergesell, M., Lim, J. Y., Lin, Y. S., Linares, Y. C., Liu, C., Liu, D., Liu, U., Livingstone, S., Llusia, J., Lohbeck, M., Lopez Garcia, A., Lopez Gonzalez, G., Lososov, a Z., Louault, F., Lukacs, B. A., Lukes, P., Luo, Y., Lussu, M., Ma, S., Maciel Rabelo Pereira, C., Mack, M., Maire, V., Makela, A., Makinen, H., Malhado, A. C. M., Mallik, A., Manning, P., Manzoni, S., Marchetti, Z., Marchino, L., Marcilio Silva, V., Marcon, E., Marignani, M., Markesteijn, L., Martin, A., Martinez Garza, C., Martinez Vilalta, J., Maskova, T., Mason, K., Mason, N., Massad, T. J., Masse, J., Mayrose, I., Mccarthy, J., Mccormack, M. L., Mcculloh, K., Mcfadden, I., Mcgill, B. J., Mcpartland, M. Y., Medeiros, J., Medlyn, B., Meerts, P., Mehrabi, Z., Meir, P., Melo, F., P. L., Mencuccini, M., Meredieu, C., Messier, J., Meszaros, I., Metsaranta, J., Michaletz, S. T., Michelaki, C., Migalina, S., Milla, R., Miller, J., E. D., Minden, V., Ming, R., Mokany, K., Moles, A. T., Molnar, A., Molofsky, J., Molz, M., Montgomery, R. A., Monty, A., Moravcova, L., Moreno Martinez, A., Moretti, M., Mori, A. S., Mori, S., Morris, D., Morrison, J., Mucina, L., Mueller, S., Muir, C. D., Muller, S. C., Munoz, F., Myers Smith, I. H., Myster, R. W., Nagano, M., Naidu, S., Narayanan, A., Natesan, B., Negoita, L., Nelson, A. S., Neuschulz, E. L., Ni, J., Niedrist, G., Nieto, J., Niinemets, U., Nolan, R., Nottebrock, H., Nouvellon, Y., Novakovskiy, A., Nystuen, K. O., O'Grady, A., O'Hara, K., O'Reilly Nugent, A., Oakley, S., Oberhuber, W., Ohtsuka, T., Oliveira, R., Ollerer, K., Olson, M. E., Onipchenko, V., Onoda, Y., Onstein, R. E., Ordonez, J. C., Osada, N., Ostonen, I., Ottaviani, G., Otto, S., Overbeck, G. E., Ozinga, W. A., Pahl, A. T., Paine, C. E. T., Pakeman, R. J., Papageorgiou, A. C., Parfionova, E., Partel, M., Patacca, M., Paula, S., Paule, J., Pauli, H., Pausas, J., Peco, B., Penuelas, J., Perea, A., Peri, P. L., Petisco Souza, A. C., Petraglia, A., Petritan, A. M., Phillips, O. L., Pierce, S., Pillar, V. D., Pisek, J., Pomogaybin, A., Poorter, H., Portsmuth, A., Poschlod, P., Potvin, C., Pounds, D., Powell, A., Power, S. A., Prinzing, A., Puglielli, G., Pysek, P., Raevel, V., Rammig, A., Ransijn, J., Ray, C. A., Reich, P. B., Reichstein, M., Reid, D. E. B., Rejou Mechain, M., de Dios, V. R., Ribeiro, S., Richardson, S., Riibak, K., Rillig, M. C., Riviera, F., Robert, E. M. R., Roberts, S., Robroek, B., Roddy, A., Rodrigues, A. V., Rogers, A., Rollinson, E., Rolo, V., Romermann, C., Ronzhina, D., Roscher, C., Rosell, J. A., Rosenfield, M. F., Rossi, C., Roy, D. B., Royer Tardif, S., Ruger, N., Ruiz Peinado, R., Rumpf, S. B., Rusch, G. M., Ryo, M., Sack, L., Saldana, A., Salgado Negret, B., Salguero Gomez, R., Santa Regina, I., Santacruz Garcia, A. C., Santos, J., Sardans, J., Schamp, B., Scherer Lorenzen, M., Schleuning, M., Schmid, B., Schmidt, M., Schmitt, S., Schneider, J. V., Schowanek, S. D., Schrader, J., Schrodt, F., Schuldt, B., Schurr, F., Selaya Garvizu, G., Semchenko, M., Seymour, C., Sfair, J. C., Sharpe, J. M., Sheppard, C. S., Sheremetiev, S., Shiodera, S., Shipley, B., Shovon, T. A., Siebenkas, A., Sierra, C., Silva, V., Silva, M., Sitzia, T., Sjoman, H., Slot, M., Smith, N. G., Sodhi, D., Soltis, P., Soltis, D., Somers, B., Sonnier, G., Sorensen, M. V., Sosinski, E. E., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Souza, A. F., Spasojevic, M., Sperandii, M. G., Stan, A. B., Stegen, J., Steinbauer, K., Stephan, J. G., Sterck, F., Stojanovic, D. B., Strydom, T., Suarez, M. L., Svenning, J. C., Svitkova, I., Svitok, M., Svoboda, M., Swaine, E., Swenson, N., Tabarelli, M., Takagi, K., Tappeiner, U., Tarifa, R., Tauugourdeau, S., Tavsanoglu, C., te Beest, M., Tedersoo, L., Thiffault, N., Thom, D., Thomas, E., Thompson, K., Thornton, P. E., Thuiller, W., Tichy, L., Tissue, D., Tjoelker, M. G., Tng, D. Y. P., Tobias, J., Torok, P., Tarin, T., Torres Ruiz, J. M., Tothmeresz, B., Treurnicht, M., Trivellone, V., Trolliet, F., Trotsiuk, V., Tsakalos, J. L., Tsiripidis, I., Tysklind, N., Umehara, T., Usoltsev, V., Vadeboncoeur, M., Vaezi, J., Valladares, F., Vamosi, J., van Bodegom, P. M., van Breugel, M., Van Cleemput, E., van de Weg, M., van der Merwe, S., van der Plas, F., van der Sande, M. T., van Kleunen, M., Van Meerbeek, K., Vanderwel, M., Vanselow, K. A., Varhammar, A., Varone, L., Vasquez Valderrama, M. Y., Vassilev, K., Vellend, M., Veneklaas, E. J., Verbeeck, H., Verheyen, K., Vibrans, A., Vieira, I., Villacis, J., Violle, C., Vivek, P., Wagner, K., Waldram, M., Waldron, A., Walker, A . P., Waller, M., Walther, G., Wang, H., Wang, F., Wang, W., Watkins, H., Watkins, J., Weber, U., Weedon, J. T., Wei, L., Weigelt, P., Weiher, E., Wells, A. W., Wellstein, C., Wenk, E., Westoby, M., Westwood, A., White, P. J., Whitten, M., Williams, M., Winkler, D. E., Winter, K., Womack, C., Wright, I. J., Wright, S. J., Wright, J., Pinho, B. X., Ximenes, F., Yamada, T., Yamaji, K., Yanai, R., Yankov, N., Yguel, B., Zanini, K. J., Zanne, A. E., Zeleny, D., Zhao, Y. P., Zheng, J., Zieminska, K., Zirbel, C. R., Zizka, G., Zo Bi, I. C., Zotz, G., Wirth, C., Systèmes d'élevage méditerranéens et tropicaux (UMR SELMET), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant - Clermont Auvergne (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité Expérimentale Forêt Pierroton (UEFP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Max Planck SocietyFoundation CELLEX German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig International Programme of Biodiversity Science (DIVERSITAS) International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB) GIS 'Climat, Environnement et Societe' France AXA Research Fund NERC Natural Environment Research Council Future Earth, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal [Córdoba] (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales [Córdoba], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina]-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Imperial College London, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Balliol College, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Università degli Studi Roma Tre = Roma Tre University (ROMA TRE), Department of Environment [Aegean], University of the Aegean, Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland], University of Bern, University of Tartu, Tohoku University [Sendai], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Jaén (UJA), Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt, Bogota, Colombia, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural (IRNAD), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, El Bolsón, Argentina, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University, Smithfield, Qld, Australia, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Centre for Forest Research, Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, University of North Florida [Jacksonville] (UNF), Australian National University (ANU), Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Department of Ecology [Innsbruck], Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, University of Leeds, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK, Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Biology Department, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada, Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, AgroParisTech, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, University of Exeter, University of Adelaide, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Università degli Studi di Cagliari = University of Cagliari (UniCa), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), Groningen Institute of Archaeology (GIA), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Crested Butte, CO, USA, Département des Science, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, Department of Biogeography, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia, Fundación Natura, Bogota, Colombia, Environmental Change Institute, Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany, Laboratório de Ecologia Funcional de Comunidades (LABEF), Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems (SICCS), Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany, ETH Zurich, Universitatstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland, University of Gothenburg (GU), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA, USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Dinámica de Ecosistémas Tropicales - Universidad del Tolima, Ibagué, Colombia, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS (Gent, Belgium), School of Forest Resources and Conservation [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS|FFGS), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Department of Biological Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, SAEON Fynbos Node, Claremont, South Africa, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA, University of Leicester, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Archbold Biological Station’s Buck Island Ranch, FL, Lake Placid, USA, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero, Santiago del Estero, Argentina, Universität Hohenheim, School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, Department of Geography and Geology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (FICH-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), University of Toronto at Scarborough, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), University of Rostock, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK, Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, Departamento de Botânica, SCB, UFPR – Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil, Centro Politécnico, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Centre of Excellence for Bioscurity Risk Analysis, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Colgate University, Hamilton, NY, USA, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Plant Diversity and Ecosystems Management Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy, University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Colombia, Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, UK, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), University of Arizona, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Department of Biology [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), WSL Swiss Federal Research Institute, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, CREA – Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Arezzo, Italy, Western Sydney University, ungwon University, Goesan, Chungbuk, Korea, Department of Botany and Zoology [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Faculty of Science [Brno] (SCI / MUNI), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)-Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Department of Agriculture and Forest Engineering (EAGROF), University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain, Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Faculté de foresterie, de géographie et de géomatique, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada, Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, USA, Centro de Modelación y Monitoreo de Ecosistemas, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), University of Ljubljana, Santa Catarina State University, Lages, SC, Brazil, Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, Eurac Research, Institute for Alpine Environment, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Komi Republic, Russia, University of Science – Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, Swedish Species Information Centre, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands, Department Computational Landscape Ecology [UFZ Leipsig], Department Computational Hydrosystems, UFZ – Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Institute of Temperate Forest Sciences (ISFORT), Ripon, QC, Canada, UQO, Department of Natural Sciences, Ripon, QC, Canada, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), The University of Western Australia (UWA), School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, Universität Wien, Karlstad University [Sweden], Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado (PNPD), Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas UNICAMP, Institute for Ecosystem Research/Geobotany, Kiel University, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), FFCLRP-USP, Department of Biology [USA], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of A Coruña (UDC), School of Physics [UNSW Sydney] (UNSW), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Peking, Peking University [Beijing], Università degli Studi di Sassari = University of Sassari [Sassari] (UNISS), Ordu University - Ordu Üniversitesi, Lanzhou University, Universidad del Tolima, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centro Agronomico Tropical de Investigacion y Ensenanza (CATIE), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), University of Sussex, Harvard University, Institute for Alpine Environment, European Academy of Bozen-Bolzano (EURAC), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire (LPAP), Université de Liège, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, University of Manchester [Manchester], Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Macquarie University, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), INIA-CIFOR, Southern Illinois University [Carbondale] (SIU), Center for Biodiversity Management, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Cearà, The Morton Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Centre Supérieur de la Recherche Scientifique (CSIC), Centre Supérieur de la Recherche Scientifique, Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Université Paris Sud (Paris 11), Senckenberg Research Institutes and Natural History Museums, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Liege, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Institut Pasteur de Shanghai, Académie des Sciences de Chine - Chinese Academy of Sciences (IPS-CAS), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), University of Bristol [Bristol], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Murdoch University, Carnegie Museum of Natural History [Pittsburgh], Transilvania University of Brasov, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), University Centre Myerscough, Kiel University, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Division of Plant Ststematic and Ecology, Biology department, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), University of Applied Sciences of Weihenstephan, Four Peaks Environmental Science and Data Solutions, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kochi University of Technology (KUT), University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Kyoto University, Tyumen State University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Stanford University, University of Edinburgh, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Philips Research Europe - Hamburg, Sector Medical Imaging Systems, Philips Research, Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bayreuth, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Guangxi Normal University, University College of London [London] (UCL), Hobart - Tasmania 7001, University of Venda [South Africa] (UNIVEN), University of Melbourne, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Agrosystèmes Cultivés et Herbagers (ARCHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Humboldt State University (HSU), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Samara National Research University, Institute of Plant Sciences, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Kenyon College, University of Garmian, State University of New York (SUNY), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Agricultural Research Organization, Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, Western Carolina University, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University [Suzhou], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Yokohama National University, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Institut d Estudis Andorrans, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Department of Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Yamagata University, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Mountain Risk Engineering - Vienna, Austria, University of Wyoming (UW), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Nelson Mandela University [Port Elizabeth], University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Yangzhou University, Leipzig University, University Pablo de Olavide, Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Royal Botanical Gardens, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Department of Physiology, University of Debrecen Egyetem [Debrecen]-Research Centre for Molecular Medicine-Medical and Health Science Centre, Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Universidade Federal de Alagoas = Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Lakehead University, Stockholm University, Universidad Nacional del Litoral [Santa Fe] (UNL), Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Bangor University, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos (UAEM), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Gorongosa National Park, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Tel Aviv University (TAU), University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of Wisconsin-Madison, University of Maine, Holden Arboretum, Hawkesbury Institute for he Environment, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Végétale et Biogéochimie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of British Columbia (UBC), Research School of Biology, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), School of Geosciences [Edinburgh], Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Debrecen, Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], Data61 [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian National University (ANU)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Debrecen Egyetem [Debrecen], University of Vermont [Burlington], Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, University of Montana, Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], University of Hawaii, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Osaka City University, Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS), Charles Darwin Foundation, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Zhejiang Normal University, European Academy of Bolzano, Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas [Bogota], University of Bayreuth, Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Canberra, CEH, Department of Systems and Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University-Kyoto University, Departamento de Telemática, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação (DT/FEEC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Moscow State University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Meijo University, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu], Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (ASU / CAS), University of Nijmegen, University of New England (UNE), The James Hutton Institute, Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Vienna [Vienna], Center for Desertification Research (CIDE), Universitat de València (UV), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Université de Jaén, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry, Department of Plant Production (University of Milan), Tartu Observatory, Botanical Garden of the Samara University, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Tallinn University, Universität Regensburg (REGENSBURG), Universität Regensburg, School of Social Sciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Sch Life Sci Weihenstephan, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Research Institute for Networks and Communications Engineering (RINCE), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU)-Science Foundation Ireland-Enterprise Ireland-Higher Education Authority-School of Electronic Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology [Mianyang] (SWUST), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Centre méditérannéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mississippi State University [Mississippi], University of Southampton, Yale University [New Haven], Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton, NY] (BNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY)-U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE), East Stroudsburg University, INDEHESA, Forestry School, Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Institute of Physical Geography [Frankfurt am Main], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Lake Ecosystems Group [Lancaster, U.K.] (Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), Lancaster Environment Centre [Lancaster, U.K.], University of Valladolid, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Algoma University, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Herencia, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Federal University of Pernambuco [Recife], Sharplex Services, University of Hohenheim, Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Center for Sustainability Science, Hokkaido, Département de Biologie, University of Regina (UR), Technische Universität Ilmenau (TU ), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Universidade Federal de Lavras = Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], KU Leuven, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], Universiteit Leiden, University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, (BOKU) and Competence Centre Wood K plus, University of Novi Sad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), University of Aberdeen, University of Maryland System, Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Estacion Experimental de Zonas Aridas, Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Bioversity International [Montpellier], Bioversity International [Rome], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Department of Animal and Plant Sciences [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], The School for Field Studies, Quantum Optics and Laser Science, Blackett Laboratory, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, University of Delaware [Newark], Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Stellenbosch University, Czech University of Life Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Osaka Natural History Center, Ural State Forest Engineering University, University of New Hampshire (UNH), University of Calgary, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Dept Forest & Water Management, Lab Forestry, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Fudan University [Shanghai], Department of Ecological Science [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Duke University [Durham], IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Department of Primary Industries, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), Biological Sciences Department (BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT), Nanjing University (NJU), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), Zhejiang University, Beijing Forestry University, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Universität Leipzig, Max Planck Fellow Program for Christian Wirth, the International Programme of Biodiversity Science (DIVERSITAS), the International Geosphere‐Biosphere Programme (IGBP), Future Earth, the French Foundation for Biodiversity Research (FRB), and GIS ‘Climat, Environnement et Société’ France, JENS KATTGE, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, ELLEN L. FRY, UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE, BELGIUM, NIKOLAOS M. FYLLAS, UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN, GREECE, GERHARD BÖNISCH, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, SUSANNE TAUTENHAHN, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, JENA, GERMANY, GIJSBERT D. A. WERNER, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, OXFORD, UK, TUOMAS AAKALA, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND, MEHDI ABEDI, TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN, ALICIA T. R. ACOSTA, UNIVERSITY OF ROMA TRE, ITALY, GEORGE C. ADAMIDIS, UNIVERSITY OF BERN, SWITZERLAND, KAIRI ADAMSON, UNIVERSITY OF TARTU, ESTONIA, MASAHIRO AIBA, TOHOKU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN., CÉCILE H. ALBERT, AIX MARSEILLE UNIV, UNIV AVIGNON, FRANCE., JULIO M. ALCÁNTARA, UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN, SPAIN, CAROLINA ALCÁZAR C, Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt, Colombia., HAMADA ALI, SUEZ CANAL UNIVERSITY, EGYPT, BERNARD AMIAUD, UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE, FRANCE., CHRISTIAN AMMER, UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN, GERMANY, MARIANO M. AMOROSO, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE RÍO NEGRO, ARGENTINA, MADHUR ANAND, UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH, CANADA., MARIJN BAUTERS, GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM., ERIKA BAZZATO, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, ITALY., MICHAEL BECKMANN, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany., HANS BEECKMAN, ROYAL MUSEUM FOR CENTRAL AFRICA, BELGIUM., CARL BEIERKUHNLEIN, UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH, GERMANY., RENEE BEKKER, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS., JOANA BERGMANN, FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN, GERMANY., MARCOS BERGMANN CARLUCCI, UFPC, LOGAN BERNER, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, USA., MARKUS BERNHARDT-RÖMERMANN, FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA, GERMANY., CHRISTOF BIGLER, ETH ZURICH, SWITZERLAND., FEDERICO BRUMNICH, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL (FICH-UNL), ARGENTINA, HANS HENRIK BRUUN, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, DAVID BRUY, UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, SERRA W. BUCHANAN, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO SCARBOROUGH, CANADA, ROBERT BUITENWERF, AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK, DANIEL E. BUNKER, NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, USA, JANA BÜRGER, UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK, GERMANY, SABINA BURRASCANO, SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME, ITALY, DAVID F. R. P. BURSLEM, UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN, UK, BRADLEY J. BUTTERFIELD, NORTHERN ARIZONA UNIVERSITY, USA, CHAEHO BYUN, YONSEI UNIVERSITY, KOREA, MARINA C. SCALON, UFP, MARCO CACCIANIGA, UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO, ITALY, MARC CADOTTE, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO SCARBOROUGH, CANADA, MAXIME CAILLERET, AIX?MARSEILLE UNIVERSITY, FRANCE, JAMES CAMAC, THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA, JESÚS JULIO CAMARERO, INSTITUTO PIRENAICO DE ECOLOGÍA (IPE?CSIC), SPAIN, COURTNEY CAMPANY, COLGATE UNIVERSITY, USA, GIANDIEGO CAMPETELLA, UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO, ITALY, JUAN ANTONIO CAMPOS, UNIVERSITY OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY UPV/EHU, SPAIN, LAURA CANO-ARBOLEDA, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA, COLOMBIA, ROBERTO CANULLO, UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO, ITALY, MICHELE CARBOGNANI, UNIVERSITY OF PARMA, ITALY, FABIO CARVALHO, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UK, BASTIEN CASTAGNEYROL, UNIV. BORDEAUX, FRANCE, JANE A. CATFORD, KING'S COLLEGE LONDON, UK, JEANNINE CAVENDER-BARES, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA, BRUNO E. L. CERABOLINI, UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA, ITALY, MARCO CERVELLINI, UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA, ITALY, EDUARDO CHACÓN-MADRIGAL, UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA, COSTA RICA, KENNETH CHAPIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, USA, SAMANTHA DAWSON, SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, AREND JACOBUS DE BEER, UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA, ANGEL DE FRUTOS, HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH, GERMANY, LEANDRO DUARTE, UFRGS, EMILIE DUCOURET, UMR ECOFOG (AGROPARISTECH, CNRS, INRA, UNIVERSITÉ DES ANTILLES, UNIVERSITÉ DE LA GUYANE), FRANCE, STEFAN DULLINGER, UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA, DAN F. B. FLYNN, ARNOLD ARBORETUM OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, USA, VERONIKA FONTANA, INSTITUTE FOR ALPINE ENVIRONMENT, ITALY, KYONG-SOOK CHUNG, JUNGWON UNIVERSITY, KOREA, MILAN CHYTRÝ, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC, DANIELA CICCARELLI, UNIVERSITY OF PISA, ITALY, LLUÍS COLL, UNIVERSITY OF LLEIDA, SPAIN, COURTNEY G. COLLINS, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, USA, LUISA CONTI, UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC, DAVID COOMES, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UK, JOHANNES H. C. CORNELISSEN, VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT, THE NETHERLANDS, WILLIAM K. CORNWELL, EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AUSTRALIA, PIERMARIA CORONA, CREA – RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FORESTRY AND WOOD, ITALY, MARIE COYEA, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL, CANADA, JOSEPH CRAINE, JONAH VENTURES, USA, DYLAN CRAVEN, UNIVERSIDAD MAYOR, CHILE, JORIS P. G. M. CROMSIGT, SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN, ANIKÓ CSECSERITS, MTA CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH, HUNGARY, KATARINA CUFAR, UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA, MATTHIAS CUNTZ, UNIVERSITÉ DE LORRAINE, FRANCE, ANA CAROLINA DA SILVA, SANTA CATARINA STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL, KYLA M. DAHLIN, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, MATTEO DAINESE, INSTITUTE FOR ALPINE ENVIRONMENT, ITALY, IGOR DALKE, INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGY OF KOMI SCIENCE CENTRE OF THE URAL BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, RUSSIA, MICHELE DALLE FRATTE, UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA, ITALY, ANH TUAN DANG-LE, UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM, JIRÍ DANIHELKA, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC, MASAKO DANNOURA, KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN, JONATHAN R. DE LONG, NETHERLANDS INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY, THE NETHERLANDS, BENJAMIN DECHANT, SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, REPUBLIC OF KOREA, SYLVAIN DELAGRANGE, INSTITUTE OF TEMPERATE FOREST SCIENCES (ISFORT), CANADA, NICOLAS DELPIERRE, UNIVERSITY OF PARIS?SUD, FRANCE, GÉRALDINE DERROIRE, UNIVERSITÉ DES ANTILLES, FRANCE, ARILDO S. DIAS, UNIVERSITÄT FRANKFURT, GERMANY, MILTON HUGO DIAZ-TORIBIO, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA, PANAYIOTIS G. DIMITRAKOPOULOS, UNIVERSITY OF THE AEGEAN, GREECE, MARK DOBROWOLSKI, THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA, DANIEL DOKTOR, HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH – UFZ, GERMANY, PAVEL DREVOJAN, MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC, NING DONG, MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, JOHN DRANSFIELD, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS KEW, UK, STEFAN DRESSLER, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND MOLECULAR EVOLUTION, GERMANY, WALTER DURKA, GERMAN CENTER FOR INTEGRATIVE BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH (IDIV) HALLE?JENA?LEIPZIG, GERMANY, REMKO DUURSMA, WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, OLGA DYMOVA, KOMI REPUBLIC, RUSSIA, E-VOJTKÓ, A., UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA, CZECH REPUBLIC, ROLF LUTZ ECKSTEIN, KARLSTAD UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN, HAMID EJTEHADI, FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD, IRAN, JAMES ELSER, UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA, USA, THAISE EMILIO, UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS UNICAMP, BRAZIL, KRISTINE ENGEMANN, AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK, MOHAMMAD BAGHER ERFANIAN, FERDOWSI UNIVERSITY OF MASHHAD, IRAN, ALEXANDRA ERFMEIER, KIEL UNIVERSITY, KIEL, GERMANY, ADRIANE ESQUIVEL-MUELBERT, EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, AUSTRALIA, GERD ESSER, JUSTUS LIEBIG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY, MARC ESTIARTE, SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL – CSIC, SPAIN, TOMAS F. DOMINGUES, DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY – FFCLRP/USP, BRAZIL, WILLIAM F. FAGAN, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND, USA, JAIME FAGÚNDEZ, UNIVERSITY OF A CORUÑA, SPAIN, DANIEL S. FALSTER, EVOLUTION & ECOLOGY RESEARCH CENTRE, AUSTRALIA, YING FAN, RUTGERS UNIVERSITY, USA, JINGYUN FANG, PEKING UNIVERSITY, CHINA, EMMANUELE FARRIS, UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI, ITALY, FATIH FAZLIOGLU, ORDU UNIVERSITY, TURKEY, YANHAO FENG, LANZHOU UNIVERSITY, CHINA, FERNANDO FERNANDEZ-MENDEZ, UNIVERSIDAD DEL TOLIMA, COLOMBIA, CARLOTTA FERRARA, CREA – RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FORESTRY AND WOOD, ITALY, JOICE NUNES FERREIRA, CPATU, ALESSANDRA FIDELIS, (UNESP), RIO CLARO, BRAZIL, BRYAN FINEGAN, CATIE-CENTRO AGRONÓMICO TROPICAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA, COSTA RICA, JENNIFER FIRN, QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY (QUT), AUSTRALIA, TIMOTHY J. FLOWERS, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX, UK, ESTELLE FOREY, UNIVERSITÉ DE ROUEN, FRANCE, CRISTIANE FORGIARINI, UFRGS, BRAZIL., LOUIS FRANÇOIS, UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE, BELGIUM., MARCELO FRANGIPANI, UFRGS, BRAZIL, DOROTHEA FRANK, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, CEDRIC FRENETTE-DUSSAULT, GÉOPOLE DE L'UNIVERSITÉ DE SHERBROOKE, CANADA, GRÉGOIRE T. FRESCHET, PAUL SABATIER UNIVERSITY TOULOUSE, FRANCE, PAUL LEADLEY, UNIVERSITY OF PARIS-SUD, UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SACLAY, ORSAY, FRANCE, IZABELA ALEIXO, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AMAZONIAN RESEARCH (INPA), BRAZIL, SANDRA DÍAZ, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA, SANDRA LAVOREL, UNIV. SAVOIE MONT BLANC, LECA, GRENOBLE, FRANCE, IAIN COLIN PRENTICE, IMPERIAL COLLEGE, UK., CAROLYN ANDERSON, UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST, USA, NIELS ANTEN, WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS, JOSEPH ANTOS, UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA, CANADA, DEBORAH MATTOS GUIMARÃES APGAUA, JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, TIA-LYNN ASHMAN, UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, USA, DEGI HARJA ASMARA, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL, CANADA, GREGORY P. ASNER, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA., MICHAEL ASPINWALL, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH FLORIDA, USA., OWEN ATKIN, AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA., ISABELLE AUBIN, NATURAL RESOURCES CANADA, LARS BAASTRUP-SPOHR, UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN, DENMARK., KHADIJEH BAHALKEH, TARBIAT MODARES UNIVERSITY, IRAN., MICHAEL BAHN, UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA., TIMOTHY BAKER, UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, LEEDS, UK., WILLIAM J. BAKER, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS KEW, UK., JAN P. BAKKER, UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN, THE NETHERLANDS., DENNIS BALDOCCHI, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY, USA., JENNIFER BALTZER, WILFRID LAURIER UNIVERSITY, CANADA, ARINDAM BANERJEE, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA., ANNE BARANGER, AGROPARISTECH, FRANCE., JOS BARLOW, LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UK., DIEGO R. BARNECHE, UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UK., ZDRAVKO BARUCH, THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA., DENIS BASTIANELLI, UNIV MONTPELLIER, FRANCE., JOHN BATTLES, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY, USA, WILLIAM BAUERLE, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, SOLVEIG FRANZISKA BUCHER, FRIEDRICH?SCHILLER?UNIVERSITÄT JENA, GERMANY, GAVIN BELFRY, UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE, USA., MICHAEL BELLUAU, UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL, CANADA., MIRELA BELOIU, UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH, GERMANY., RAQUEL BENAVIDES, MUSEO NACIONAL DE CIENCIAS NATURALES-CSIC, SPAIN., LAHCEN BENOMAR, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL, CANADA., MARY LEE BERDUGO-LATTKE, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE COLOMBIA, COLOMBIA., ERIKA BERENGUER, UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UK., RODRIGO BERGAMIN, UFRS, NINA BUCHMANN, ETH ZURICH, ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, ANNE D. BJORKMAN, UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG, SWEDEN., CHRIS BLACKMAN, UNIVERSITÉ CLERMONT-AUVERGNE, FRANCE., CAROLINA BLANCO, UFRGS, BENJAMIN BLONDER, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA., DANA BLUMENTHAL, USDA-ARS RANGELAND RESOURCES & SYSTEMS RESEARCH UNIT, USA., KELLY T. BOCANEGRA-GONZÁLEZ, UNIVERSIDAD DEL TOLIMA, COLOMBIA., PASCAL BOECKX, GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM., STEPHANIE BOHLMAN, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA., KATRIN BÖHNING-GAESE, UNIVERSITÄT FRANKFURT, GERMANY., LAURA BOISVERT-MARSH, UNIVERSITÄT FRANKFURT, GERMANY., WILLIAM BOND, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA., BEN BOND-LAMBERTY, COLLEGE PARK, USA., ARNOUD BOOM, UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER, UK., COLINE C. F. BOONMAN, RADBOUD UNIVERSITY, THE NETHERLANDS., KAUANE BORDIN, UFRGS, ELIZABETH H. BOUGHTON, ARCHBOLD BIOLOGICAL STATION'S BUCK ISLAND RANCH, USA., VANESSA BOUKILI, UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT, USA, DAVID M. J. S. BOWMAN, UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA., SANDRA BRAVO, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO, MARCO RICHARD BRENDEL, UNIVERSITY OF HOHENHEIM, MARTIN R. BROADLEY, UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UK, KERRY A. BROWN, KINGSTON UNIVERSITY, UK., HELGE BRUELHEIDE, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE?WITTENBERG, GERMANY, FERNANDO CASANOVES, CATIE-CENTRO AGRONÓMICO TROPICAL DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ENSEÑANZA, COSTA RICA, F. STUART CHAPIN, UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA FAIRBANKS, USA, STEFANO CHELLI, UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO, ITALY, SI?CHONG CHEN, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, UK, ANPING CHEN, COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, PAOLO CHERUBINI, UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA, FRANCESCO CHIANUCCI, CREA – RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FORESTRY AND WOOD, ITALY, BRENDAN CHOAT, WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, GUILHERME G. MAZZOCHINI, UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS, CAMPINAS, BRAZIL, SOPHIE GACHET, UNIV AVIGNON, FRANCE, RACHAEL GALLAGHER, MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, GISLENE GANADE, UFRN, BRAZIL., MARY-CLAIRE GLASENHARDT, THE MORTON ARBORETUM, USA, ALAIN HAMBUCKERS, UNIVERSITY OF LIÈGE, BELGIUM, MASAE ISHIHARA, KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN, LEONID IVANOV, TYUMEN STATE UNIVERSITY, RUSSIA, LARISSA IVANOVA, TYUMEN STATE UNIVERSITY, RUSSIA., COLLEEN M. IVERSEN, OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY, USA, JORDI IZQUIERDO, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain, ROBERT B. JACKSON, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, USA, FRANCESCA GANGA, UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI, ITALY, PABLO GARCÍA-PALACIOS, UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS, SPAIN, VERÓNICA GARGAGLIONE, UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PATAGONIA AUSTRAL, ARGENTINA, ERIC GARNIER, UNIV. MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, JOSE LUIS GARRIDO, ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DEL ZAIDÍN, SPAIN, ANDRÉ LUÍS DE GASPER, UNIVERSIDADE REGIONAL DE BLUMENAU, BRAZIL, GUILLERMO GEAIZQUIERDO, INIA?CIFOR, SPAIN, DAVID GIBSON, SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE, USA, ANDREW N. GILLISON, CENTER FOR BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, AUSTRALIA, AELTON GIROLDO, INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DO CEARÁ, BRAZIL, SEAN GLEASON, WATER MANAGEMENT AND SYSTEMS RESEARCH UNIT, USA, MARIANA GLIESCH, INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY, SWITZERLAND, EMMA GOLDBERG, UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA, BASTIAN GÖLDEL, AARHUS UNIVERSITY, DENMARK, ERIKA GONZALEZ-AKRE, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NTNU, NORWAY, JOSE L. GONZALEZ-ANDUJAR, CSIC-INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (IAS), SPAIN, ANDRÉS GONZÁLEZ-MELO, UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO, COLOMBIA, ANA GONZÁLEZ-ROBLES, UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN, SPAIN, BENTE JESSEN GRAAE, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NTNU, NORWAY, ELENA GRANDA, UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ, SPAIN, SARAH GRAVES, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA, WALTON A. GREEN, HARVARD UNIVERSITY, USA, THOMAS GREGOR, SENCKENBERG RESEARCH INSTITUTE AND NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, GERMANY, NICOLAS GROSS, UNIVERSIDAD REY JUAN CARLOS, SPAIN, GREG R. GUERIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA, ANGELA GÜNTHER, MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, GERMANY, ALVARO G. GUTIÉRREZ, UNIVERSIDAD DE CHILE, CHILE, LILLIE HADDOCK, COLLEGE PARK, USA, ANNA HAINES, THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UK, JEFFERSON HALL, SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, REPUBLIC OF PANAMA, WENXUAN HAN, CHINA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA, SANDY P. HARRISON, UNIVERSITY OF READING, UK, WESLEY HATTINGH, UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND, SOUTH AFRICA, JOSEPH E. HAWES, ANGLIA RUSKIN UNIVERSITY, UK, TIANHUA HE, CURTIN UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA, PENGCHENG HE, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA, JACOB MASON HEBERLING, CARNEGIE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY, USA, AVELIINA HELM, UNIVERSITY OF TARTU, ESTONIA, STEFAN HEMPEL, FREIE UNIVERSITÄT BERLIN, GERMANY, JÖRN HENTSCHEL, FRIEDRICH-SCHILLER-UNIVERSITÄT JENA, GERMANY, BRUNO HÉRAULT, UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE, ANA-MARIA HERE, TRANSILVANIA UNIVERSITY OF BRASOV, ROMANIA, KATHARINA HERZ, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE?WITTENBERG, GERMANY, MYRIAM HEUERTZ, UNIV. BORDEAUX, FRANCE, THOMAS HICKLER, GOETHE UNIVERSITY, GERMANY, PETER HIETZ, UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES, AUSTRIA, PEDRO HIGUCHI, SANTA CATARINA STATE UNIVERSITY, BRAZIL, ANDREW L. HIPP, THE MORTON ARBORETUM, USA, ANDREW HIRONS, UNIVERSITY CENTRE MYERSCOUGH, UK, MARIA HOCK, INSTITUTE FOR ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH/GEOBOTANY, GERMANY, JAMES AARON HOGAN, FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, USA, KAREN HOLL, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, USA, OLIVIER HONNAY, PLANT CONSERVATION AND POPULATION BIOLOGY, BELGIUM, KNUT ANDERS HOVSTAD, DEPARTMENT OF LANDSCAPE AND BIODIVERSITY, NORWAY, TOMOAKI ICHIE, KOCHI UNIVERSITY, JAPAN, BORIS IGIC, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO, USA, ESTELA ILLA, UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA, SPAIN, MARNEY ISAAC, UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO, CANADA, BENJAMIN JACKSON, UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND, HERVÉ JACTEL, UNIV. BORDEAUX, FRANCE, ANDRZEJ M. JAGODZINSKI, UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES, POLAND, UTE JANDT, MARTIN LUTHER UNIVERSITY HALLE-WITTENBERG, GERMANY, STEVEN JANSEN, ULM UNIVERSITY, GERMANY, THOMAS, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Helsinki, Tarbiat Modaras University, Roma Tre University, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, University of Innsbruck, School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK., School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Botany Division, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC, Madrid, Spain, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK, Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany, Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country UPV/ EHU, Bilbao, Spain, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy, BIGEA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA, University of Alaska [Anchorage], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, Department of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Department of Environmental and Life Sciences – Biology, Karlstad University, Quantitative Plant Ecology and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Justus Liebig University, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), University of Sassari, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Harvard University [Cambridge], Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), University of Cagliari, Universidad de Chile, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), University of California, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Venda, Philipps University of Marburg, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, State University of New York, Stonybrook, IT University of Copenhagen, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Humboldt University of Berlin, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University [Port Elizabeth, South Africa], Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, University of Leipzig [Leipzig, Allemagne], Unité d'Agronomie, University of Debrecen-Research Centre for Molecular Medicine-Medical and Health Science Centre, Global Change Research Institute, University of California [Berkeley], Natural resources institute Finland, Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Kyoto University [Kyoto]-Kyoto University [Kyoto], Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], University of Milan, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), U.S. Department of Energy [Washington] (DOE)-UT-Battelle, LLC-Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), University of Extremadura, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Federal University of Lavras, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Leiden University, University of California [Riverside] (UCR), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Departments of Botany and Zoology, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut national polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), and Factulad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK., Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, Balliol College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, University of Roma Tre, Rome, Italy, Biodiversity Conservation Laboratory, Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Tartu Observatory, University of Tartu, Tartumaa, Estonia, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain, UMR Nancy-Université- INRA Agronomie et Environnement Nancy-Colmar, Nancy Université, Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Environmental Sciences, Guelph, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria, Department of Biological Sciences-Lancaster University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), School of Informatics, Computing, and Cyber Systems, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas., Australia, AMAP, IRD, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], wiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE), Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education, Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, BIOGECO, Cestas, France, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, West Sussex, UK, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia, Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary, Swedish Species Information Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of Florida [Gainesville], UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences – University of Birmingham, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), University of Ordu, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), United States Department of Agriculture - USDA (USA), Smithsonian Institution, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Florida International University (FIU), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Stanford University [Stanford], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Charles University [Prague], Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung (UFZ), Hokkaido University, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Western Sydney University (UWS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département de Biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada, Université de Sherbrooke, Masaryk University, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Landcare Research [Lincoln], Université de Montréal [Montréal], Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), Normal Zhejiang University, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, VU University Amsterdam, Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Technische Universität München [München] (TUM), University of Parma, Cardiff School of Social Sciences, University of Cardiff, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Brookhaven National Laboratory [Upton] (BNL), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Algoma University [Canada], University of Goettingen, University of Wuerzburg, University of Würzburg, AFSSA, Sherbrooke University, University of Lisbon, Department of Biology (University of Florida), Florida Museum of Natural History, Technical University in Zvolen, University of Zvolen, Fac Forestry & Wood Sci, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Bioversity International, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR], Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), University of Tsukuba, Kattge, Jen, Bönisch, Gerhard, Díaz, Sandra, Lavorel, Sandra, Prentice, Iain Colin, Leadley, Paul, Tautenhahn, Susanne, Werner, Gijsbert D A, Aakala, Tuoma, Abedi, Mehdi, Acosta, Alicia Teresa Rosario, Adamidis, George C, Adamson, Kairi, Aiba, Masahiro, Albert, Cécile H, Alcántara, Julio M, Alcázar C, Carolina, Aleixo, Izabela, Ali, Hamada, Amiaud, Bernard, Ammer, Christian, Amoroso, Mariano M, Anand, Madhur, Anderson, Carolyn, Anten, Niel, Antos, Joseph, Apgaua, Deborah Mattos Guimarãe, Ashman, Tia-Lynn, Asmara, Degi Harja, Asner, Gregory P, Aspinwall, Michael, Atkin, Owen, Aubin, Isabelle, Baastrup-Spohr, Lar, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Bahn, Michael, Baker, Timothy, Baker, William J, Bakker, Jan P, Baldocchi, Denni, Baltzer, Jennifer, Banerjee, Arindam, Baranger, Anne, Barlow, Jo, Barneche, Diego R, Baruch, Zdravko, Bastianelli, Deni, Battles, John, Bauerle, William, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzato, Erika, Beckmann, Michael, Beeckman, Han, Beierkuhnlein, Carl, Bekker, Renee, Belfry, Gavin, Belluau, Michael, Beloiu, Mirela, Benavides, Raquel, Benomar, Lahcen, Berdugo-Lattke, Mary Lee, Berenguer, Erika, Bergamin, Rodrigo, Bergmann, Joana, Bergmann Carlucci, Marco, Berner, Logan, Bernhardt-Römermann, Marku, Bigler, Christof, Bjorkman, Anne D, Blackman, Chri, Blanco, Carolina, Blonder, Benjamin, Blumenthal, Dana, Bocanegra-González, Kelly T, Boeckx, Pascal, Bohlman, Stephanie, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boisvert-Marsh, Laura, Bond, William, Bond-Lamberty, Ben, Boom, Arnoud, Boonman, Coline C F, Bordin, Kauane, Boughton, Elizabeth H, Boukili, Vanessa, Bowman, David M J S, Bravo, Sandra, Brendel, Marco Richard, Broadley, Martin R, Brown, Kerry A, Bruelheide, Helge, Brumnich, Federico, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Bruy, David, Buchanan, Serra W, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buchmann, Nina, Buitenwerf, Robert, Bunker, Daniel E, Bürger, Jana, Burrascano, Sabina, Burslem, David F R P, Butterfield, Bradley J, Byun, Chaeho, Marques, Marcia, Scalon, Marina C, Caccianiga, Marco, Cadotte, Marc, Cailleret, Maxime, Camac, Jame, Camarero, Jesús Julio, Campany, Courtney, Campetella, Giandiego, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cano-Arboleda, Laura, Canullo, Roberto, Carbognani, Michele, Carvalho, Fabio, Casanoves, Fernando, Castagneyrol, Bastien, Catford, Jane A, Cavender-Bares, Jeannine, Cerabolini, Bruno E L, Cervellini, Marco, Chacón-Madrigal, Eduardo, Chapin, Kenneth, Chapin, F Stuart, Chelli, Stefano, Chen, Si-Chong, Chen, Anping, Cherubini, Paolo, Chianucci, Francesco, Choat, Brendan, Chung, Kyong-Sook, Chytrý, Milan, Ciccarelli, Daniela, Coll, Lluí, Collins, Courtney G, Conti, Luisa, Coomes, David, Cornelissen, Johannes H C, Cornwell, William K, Corona, Piermaria, Coyea, Marie, Craine, Joseph, Craven, Dylan, Cromsigt, Joris P G M, Csecserits, Anikó, Cufar, Katarina, Cuntz, Matthia, da Silva, Ana Carolina, Dahlin, Kyla M, Dainese, Matteo, Dalke, Igor, Dalle Fratte, Michele, Dang-Le, Anh Tuan, Danihelka, Jirí, Dannoura, Masako, Dawson, Samantha, de Beer, Arend Jacobu, De Frutos, Angel, De Long, Jonathan R, Dechant, Benjamin, Delagrange, Sylvain, Delpierre, Nicola, Derroire, Géraldine, Dias, Arildo S, Diaz-Toribio, Milton Hugo, Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G, Dobrowolski, Mark, Doktor, Daniel, Dřevojan, Pavel, Dong, Ning, Dransfield, John, Dressler, Stefan, Duarte, Leandro, Ducouret, Emilie, Dullinger, Stefan, Durka, Walter, Duursma, Remko, Dymova, Olga, E-Vojtkó, Anna, Eckstein, Rolf Lutz, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Elser, Jame, Emilio, Thaise, Engemann, Kristine, Erfanian, Mohammad Bagher, Erfmeier, Alexandra, Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane, Esser, Gerd, Estiarte, Marc, Domingues, Tomas F, Fagan, William F, Fagúndez, Jaime, Falster, Daniel S, Fan, Ying, Fang, Jingyun, Farris, Emmanuele, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feng, Yanhao, Fernandez-Mendez, Fernando, Ferrara, Carlotta, Ferreira, Joice, Fidelis, Alessandra, Finegan, Bryan, Firn, Jennifer, Flowers, Timothy J, Flynn, Dan F B, Fontana, Veronika, Forey, Estelle, Forgiarini, Cristiane, François, Loui, Frangipani, Marcelo, Frank, Dorothea, Frenette-Dussault, Cedric, Freschet, Grégoire T, Fry, Ellen L, Fyllas, Nikolaos M, Mazzochini, Guilherme G, Gachet, Sophie, Gallagher, Rachael, Ganade, Gislene, Ganga, Francesca, García-Palacios, Pablo, Gargaglione, Verónica, Garnier, Eric, Garrido, Jose Lui, de Gasper, André Luí, Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo, Gibson, David, Gillison, Andrew N, Giroldo, Aelton, Glasenhardt, Mary-Claire, Gleason, Sean, Gliesch, Mariana, Goldberg, Emma, Göldel, Bastian, Gonzalez-Akre, Erika, Gonzalez-Andujar, Jose L, González-Melo, André, González-Robles, Ana, Graae, Bente Jessen, Granda, Elena, Graves, Sarah, Green, Walton A, Gregor, Thoma, Gross, Nicola, Guerin, Greg R, Günther, Angela, Gutiérrez, Alvaro G, Haddock, Lillie, Haines, Anna, Hall, Jefferson, Hambuckers, Alain, Han, Wenxuan, Harrison, Sandy P, Hattingh, Wesley, Hawes, Joseph E, He, Tianhua, He, Pengcheng, Heberling, Jacob Mason, Helm, Aveliina, Hempel, Stefan, Hentschel, Jörn, Hérault, Bruno, Hereş, Ana-Maria, Herz, Katharina, Heuertz, Myriam, Hickler, Thoma, Hietz, Peter, Higuchi, Pedro, Hipp, Andrew L, Hirons, Andrew, Hock, Maria, Hogan, James Aaron, Holl, Karen, Honnay, Olivier, Hornstein, Daniel, Hou, Enqing, Hough-Snee, Nate, Hovstad, Knut Ander, Ichie, Tomoaki, Igić, Bori, Illa, Estela, Isaac, Marney, Ishihara, Masae, Ivanov, Leonid, Ivanova, Larissa, Iversen, Colleen M, Izquierdo, Jordi, Jackson, Robert B, Jackson, Benjamin, Jactel, Hervé, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Steven, Jenkins, Thoma, Jentsch, Anke, Jespersen, Jens Rasmus Plantener, Jiang, Guo-Feng, Johansen, Jesper Liengaard, Johnson, David, Jokela, Eric J, Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Jordan, Gregory J, Joseph, Grant Stuart, Junaedi, Decky, Junker, Robert R, Justes, Eric, Kabzems, Richard, Kane, Jeffrey, Kaplan, Zdenek, Kattenborn, Teja, Kavelenova, Lyudmila, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kempel, Anne, Kenzo, Tanaka, Kerkhoff, Andrew, Khalil, Mohammed I, Kinlock, Nicole L, Kissling, Wilm Daniel, Kitajima, Kaoru, Kitzberger, Thoma, Kjøller, Rasmu, Klein, Tamir, Kleyer, Michael, Klimešová, Jitka, Klipel, Joice, Kloeppel, Brian, Klotz, Stefan, Knops, Johannes M H, Kohyama, Takashi, Koike, Fumito, Kollmann, Johanne, Komac, Benjamin, Komatsu, Kimberly, König, Christian, Kraft, Nathan J B, Kramer, Koen, Kreft, Holger, Kühn, Ingolf, Kumarathunge, Dushan, Kuppler, Jona, Kurokawa, Hiroko, Kurosawa, Yoko, Kuyah, Shem, Laclau, Jean-Paul, Lafleur, Benoit, Lallai, Erik, Lamb, Eric, Lamprecht, Andrea, Larkin, Daniel J, Laughlin, Daniel, Le Bagousse-Pinguet, Yoann, le Maire, Guerric, le Roux, Peter C, le Roux, Elizabeth, Lee, Tali, Lens, Frederic, Lewis, Simon L, Lhotsky, Barbara, Li, Yuanzhi, Li, Xine, Lichstein, Jeremy W, Liebergesell, Mario, Lim, Jun Ying, Lin, Yan-Shih, Linares, Juan Carlo, Liu, Chunjiang, Liu, Daijun, Liu, Udayangani, Livingstone, Stuart, Llusià, Joan, Lohbeck, Madelon, López-García, Álvaro, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lososová, Zdeňka, Louault, Frédérique, Lukács, Balázs A, Lukeš, Petr, Luo, Yunjian, Lussu, Michele, Ma, Siyan, Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Camilla, Mack, Michelle, Maire, Vincent, Mäkelä, Annikki, Mäkinen, Harri, Malhado, Ana Claudia Mende, Mallik, Azim, Manning, Peter, Manzoni, Stefano, Marchetti, Zuleica, Marchino, Luca, Marcilio-Silva, Viniciu, Marcon, Eric, Marignani, Michela, Markesteijn, Lar, Martin, Adam, Martínez-Garza, Cristina, Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi, Mašková, Tereza, Mason, Kelly, Mason, Norman, Massad, Tara Joy, Masse, Jacynthe, Mayrose, Itay, Mccarthy, Jame, Mccormack, M Luke, Mcculloh, Katherine, Mcfadden, Ian R, Mcgill, Brian J, Mcpartland, Mara Y, Medeiros, Juliana S, Medlyn, Belinda, Meerts, Pierre, Mehrabi, Zia, Meir, Patrick, Melo, Felipe P L, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Meredieu, Céline, Messier, Julie, Mészáros, Ilona, Metsaranta, Juha, Michaletz, Sean T, Michelaki, Chrysanthi, Migalina, Svetlana, Milla, Ruben, Miller, Jesse E D, Minden, Vanessa, Ming, Ray, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T, Molnár, Attila, Molofsky, Jane, Molz, Martin, Montgomery, Rebecca A, Monty, Arnaud, Moravcová, Lenka, Moreno-Martínez, Alvaro, Moretti, Marco, Mori, Akira S, Mori, Shigeta, Morris, Dave, Morrison, Jane, Mucina, Ladislav, Mueller, Sandra, Muir, Christopher D, Müller, Sandra Cristina, Munoz, Françoi, Myers-Smith, Isla H, Myster, Randall W, Nagano, Masahiro, Naidu, Shawna, Narayanan, Ayyappan, Natesan, Balachandran, Negoita, Luka, Nelson, Andrew S, Neuschulz, Eike Lena, Ni, Jian, Niedrist, Georg, Nieto, Jhon, Niinemets, Ülo, Nolan, Rachael, Nottebrock, Henning, Nouvellon, Yann, Novakovskiy, Alexander, Nystuen, Kristin Odden, O'Grady, Anthony, O'Hara, Kevin, O'Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, Oakley, Simon, Oberhuber, Walter, Ohtsuka, Toshiyuki, Oliveira, Ricardo, Öllerer, Kinga, Olson, Mark E, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Onoda, Yusuke, Onstein, Renske E, Ordonez, Jenny C, Osada, Noriyuki, Ostonen, Ivika, Ottaviani, Gianluigi, Otto, Sarah, Overbeck, Gerhard E, Ozinga, Wim A, Pahl, Anna T, Paine, C E Timothy, Pakeman, Robin J, Papageorgiou, Aristotelis C, Parfionova, Evgeniya, Pärtel, Meeli, Patacca, Marco, Paula, Susana, Paule, Juraj, Pauli, Harald, Pausas, Juli G, Peco, Begoña, Penuelas, Josep, Perea, Antonio, Peri, Pablo Lui, Petisco-Souza, Ana Carolina, Petraglia, Alessandro, Petritan, Any Mary, Phillips, Oliver L, Pierce, Simon, Pillar, Valério D, Pisek, Jan, Pomogaybin, Alexandr, Poorter, Hendrik, Portsmuth, Angelika, Poschlod, Peter, Potvin, Catherine, Pounds, Devon, Powell, A Shafer, Power, Sally A, Prinzing, Andrea, Puglielli, Giacomo, Pyšek, Petr, Raevel, Valerie, Rammig, Anja, Ransijn, Johanne, Ray, Courtenay A, Reich, Peter B, Reichstein, Marku, Reid, Douglas E B, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, de Dios, Victor Resco, Ribeiro, Sabina, Richardson, Sarah, Riibak, Kersti, Rillig, Matthias C, Riviera, Fiamma, Robert, Elisabeth M R, Roberts, Scott, Robroek, Bjorn, Roddy, Adam, Rodrigues, Arthur Viniciu, Rogers, Alistair, Rollinson, Emily, Rolo, Victor, Römermann, Christine, Ronzhina, Dina, Roscher, Christiane, Rosell, Julieta A, Rosenfield, Milena Fermina, Rossi, Christian, Roy, David B, Royer-Tardif, Samuel, Rüger, Nadja, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Rumpf, Sabine B, Rusch, Graciela M, Ryo, Masahiro, Sack, Lawren, Saldaña, Angela, Salgado-Negret, Beatriz, Salguero-Gomez, Roberto, Santa-Regina, Ignacio, Santacruz-García, Ana Carolina, Santos, Joaquim, Sardans, Jordi, Schamp, Brandon, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schleuning, Matthia, Schmid, Bernhard, Schmidt, Marco, Schmitt, Sylvain, Schneider, Julio V, Schowanek, Simon D, Schrader, Julian, Schrodt, Franziska, Schuldt, Bernhard, Schurr, Frank, Selaya Garvizu, Galia, Semchenko, Marina, Seymour, Colleen, Sfair, Julia C, Sharpe, Joanne M, Sheppard, Christine S, Sheremetiev, Serge, Shiodera, Satomi, Shipley, Bill, Shovon, Tanvir Ahmed, Siebenkäs, Alrun, Sierra, Carlo, Silva, Vasco, Silva, Mateu, Sitzia, Tommaso, Sjöman, Henrik, Slot, Martijn, Smith, Nicholas G, Sodhi, Darwin, Soltis, Pamela, Soltis, Dougla, Somers, Ben, Sonnier, Grégory, Sørensen, Mia Vedel, Sosinski, Enio Egon, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A, Souza, Alexandre F, Spasojevic, Marko, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Stan, Amanda B, Stegen, Jame, Steinbauer, Klau, Stephan, Jörg G, Sterck, Frank, Stojanovic, Dejan B, Strydom, Tanya, Suarez, Maria Laura, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svitková, Ivana, Svitok, Marek, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Emily, Swenson, Nathan, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Takagi, Kentaro, Tappeiner, Ulrike, Tarifa, Rubén, Tauugourdeau, Simon, Tavsanoglu, Cagatay, Te Beest, Mariska, Tedersoo, Leho, Thiffault, Nelson, Thom, Dominik, Thomas, Evert, Thompson, Ken, Thornton, Peter E, Thuiller, Wilfried, Tichý, Lubomír, Tissue, David, Tjoelker, Mark G, Tng, David Yue Phin, Tobias, Joseph, Török, Péter, Tarin, 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(CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Leydet, Michelle, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, LECA, Imperial College, Université Paris-Saclay, Tarbiat Modares University, University of Roma Tre, Tohoku University, IMBE, Universidad de Jaén, Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Suez Canal University, Université de Lorraine, University of Göttingen, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Conicet-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Pacific Northwest National 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Paul Valéry, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, Agricultural Research Service, ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), CSIC – Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS), Universidad del Rosario, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, University of Alcalá, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, The University of Manchester, China Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Reading, University of the Witwatersrand, Anglia Ruskin University, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Curtin University, INP-HB, Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Goethe University, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, The Field Museum, Florida International University, US Department of Energy, Santa Cruz, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation, Kochi University, University of Illinois at Chicago, Universitat de Barcelona, University of Toronto, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Ulm University, Guangxi University, Jl. Kebun Raya Cibodas, Philipps-University Marburg, University Salzburg, CIRAD, Humboldt State University, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Charles University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, State University of New York at Stony Brook, University of Amsterdam, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Weizmann Institute of Science, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Technical University of Munich, Wageningen University & Research, Land Life Company, Coconut Research Institute of Sri Lanka, UMR Eco&Sols, University of Montpellier, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, University of Saskatchewan, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, University of Wyoming, University of Wisconsin Eau Claire, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, University College London, Sun Yat-sen University, University of Leipzig, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Wageningen University and Research, World Agroforestry (ICRAF), University of Jaén, DRI, Global Change Research Institute AS CR, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Federal University of Alagoas, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Tel Aviv University, The University of Queensland, CSIRO, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, The Australian National University, The University of Edinburgh, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), ICREA, UEFP, University of Waterloo, Tulipan s/n, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Vermont, Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research, Matieland, University of Freiburg, University of Hawai'i, Université Grenoble-Alpes, French Institute of Pondicherry, Oklahoma State University, Charles Darwin Research Station, University of Idaho, Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, NORD University, NTNU, Gifu University, Romanian Academy, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Moscow Lomonosov State University, Universidad de las Américas, Wageningen Environmental Research, Technische Universität München, University of New England, Democritus University of Thrace, Universidad Austral de Chile, Desertification Research Center (CIDE-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), National Institute for Research-Development in Forestry, University of Regensburg, McGill University, Morton Arboretum, Université Rennes 1/CNRS, Université Paul Valéry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Universitat de Lleida, Universidade Federal do Acre, Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Royal Museum for Central-Africa (RMCA), Mississippi State University, Radboud University Nijmegen, Yale University, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Ciudad Universitaria, University of Zurich, Chastè Planta-Wildenberg, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Canadian Forest Service, University of Valladolid-INIA, University of Lausanne, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Oxford University, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Universidade de Coimbra, Senckenberg Biodiversität und Klima Forschungszentrum (SBiK-F), Palmengarten der Stadt Frankfurt am Main, Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, University of Regina, Technische Universität Ilmenau, Università degli Studi di Padova, Gothenburg Botanical Garden, Texas Tech University, Archbold Biological Station, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas (CSIC), CIRAD-UMR SELMET-PZZS, Hacettepe University, Utrecht University, Canadian Wood Fibre Centre, University of Sheffield, Silwood Park, MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, University of Delaware, UMR PIAF, MTA-TKI Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, University of Illinois, Botanical Garden of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, University of New Hampshire, National University of Singapore, Edinburgh University, Florida Institute of Technology, University of Konstanz, Taizhou University, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universidad de Concepcion, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas (ESPE), Goa University, Pondicherry University, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Cambridge Conservation Initiative, Tsinghua University, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fujian Normal University, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Maritime and Science Technology Academy, University of Winnipeg, King Saud University, University of California – Irvine, U. S. Geological Survey, Duke University, NSW Department of Primary Industries, SUNY-College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Sorbonne-Université, Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), George Washington University, National Taiwan University, Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët-Boigny (INP-HB), University Oldenburg, and Biyoloji
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, LIFE-HISTORY, Geography & travel, WOOD DENSITY, plant trait, Biodiversity & Conservation, 05 Environmental Sciences, Growth, 580 Plants (Botany), COMMUNITY COMPOSITION, ROOT TRAITS, Biologiska vetenskaper, Ecological modeling, data coverage, data integration, data representativeness, functional diversity, plant traits, TRY plant trait database, Biodiversity, Ecology, Plants, Access to Information, Ecosystem, data representativene, ddc:910, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GLOBAL PATTERNS, food and beverages, LEAF PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRAITS, Biological Sciences, CAVElab, Data processing, ddc:580, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Conservation, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, INCLINATION ANGLE DISTRIBUTION, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Ecology and Environment, Database, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, ddc:570, Datenintegration, Environmental Chemistry, DDC 004 / Data processing & computer science, Intraspecific competition, Data integration (Computer science), Science & Technology, Biology and Life Sciences, Plant, 06 Biological Sciences, Environmental factor, Nutrient Network, Biology and Microbiology, FUNCTIONAL TRAITS, DDC 580 / Botanical sciences, Earth and Environmental Sciences, ddc:004, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, RELATIVE GROWTH-RATE
Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives., publishedVersion
Published: 2020

38. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Author: Kattge, J, Bönisch, G, Díaz, S, Lavorel, S, Prentice, IC, Leadley, P, Tautenhahn, S, Werner, GDA, Aakala, T, Abedi, M, Acosta, ATR, Adamidis, GC, Adamson, K, Aiba, M, Albert, CH, Alcántara, JM, Alcázar C, C, Aleixo, I, Ali, H, Amiaud, B, Ammer, C, Amoroso, MM, Anand, M, Anderson, C, Anten, N, Antos, J, Apgaua, DMG, Ashman, TL, Asmara, DH, Asner, GP, Aspinwall, M, Atkin, O, Aubin, I, Baastrup-Spohr, L, Bahalkeh, K, Bahn, M, Baker, T, Baker, WJ, Bakker, JP, Baldocchi, D, Baltzer, J, Banerjee, A, Baranger, A, Barlow, J, Barneche, DR, Baruch, Z, Bastianelli, D, Battles, J, Bauerle, W, Bauters, M, Bazzato, E, Beckmann, M, Beeckman, H, Beierkuhnlein, C, Bekker, R, Belfry, G, Belluau, M, Beloiu, M, Benavides, R, Benomar, L, Berdugo-Lattke, ML, Berenguer, E, Bergamin, R, Bergmann, J, Bergmann Carlucci, M, Berner, L, Bernhardt-Römermann, M, Bigler, C, Bjorkman, AD, Blackman, C, Blanco, C, Blonder, B, Blumenthal, D, Bocanegra-González, KT, Boeckx, P, Bohlman, S, Böhning-Gaese, K, Boisvert-Marsh, L, Bond, W, Bond-Lamberty, B, Boom, A, Boonman, CCF, Bordin, K, Boughton, EH, Boukili, V, Bowman, DMJS, Bravo, S, Brendel, MR, Broadley, MR, Brown, KA, Bruelheide, H, Brumnich, F, Bruun, HH, Bruy, D, Buchanan, SW, Bucher, SF, Buchmann, N, Buitenwerf, R, Bunker, DE, Bürger, J, Kattge, J, Bönisch, G, Díaz, S, Lavorel, S, Prentice, IC, Leadley, P, Tautenhahn, S, Werner, GDA, Aakala, T, Abedi, M, Acosta, ATR, Adamidis, GC, Adamson, K, Aiba, M, Albert, CH, Alcántara, JM, Alcázar C, C, Aleixo, I, Ali, H, Amiaud, B, Ammer, C, Amoroso, MM, Anand, M, Anderson, C, Anten, N, Antos, J, Apgaua, DMG, Ashman, TL, Asmara, DH, Asner, GP, Aspinwall, M, Atkin, O, Aubin, I, Baastrup-Spohr, L, Bahalkeh, K, Bahn, M, Baker, T, Baker, WJ, Bakker, JP, Baldocchi, D, Baltzer, J, Banerjee, A, Baranger, A, Barlow, J, Barneche, DR, Baruch, Z, Bastianelli, D, Battles, J, Bauerle, W, Bauters, M, Bazzato, E, Beckmann, M, Beeckman, H, Beierkuhnlein, C, Bekker, R, Belfry, G, Belluau, M, Beloiu, M, Benavides, R, Benomar, L, Berdugo-Lattke, ML, Berenguer, E, Bergamin, R, Bergmann, J, Bergmann Carlucci, M, Berner, L, Bernhardt-Römermann, M, Bigler, C, Bjorkman, AD, Blackman, C, Blanco, C, Blonder, B, Blumenthal, D, Bocanegra-González, KT, Boeckx, P, Bohlman, S, Böhning-Gaese, K, Boisvert-Marsh, L, Bond, W, Bond-Lamberty, B, Boom, A, Boonman, CCF, Bordin, K, Boughton, EH, Boukili, V, Bowman, DMJS, Bravo, S, Brendel, MR, Broadley, MR, Brown, KA, Bruelheide, H, Brumnich, F, Bruun, HH, Bruy, D, Buchanan, SW, Bucher, SF, Buchmann, N, Buitenwerf, R, Bunker, DE, and Bürger, J
Abstract: Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
Published: 2020

39. The global abundance of tree palms

Author: Muscarella, R., Emilio, T., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Slik, F., Baker, W.J., Couvreur, T.L.P., Eiserhardt, W.L., Svenning, J.-C., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aiba, S.-I., de Almeida, E.C., de Almeida, S.S., de Oliveira, E.A., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves, L.F., Alvez-Valles, C.M., Carvalho, F.A., Guarin, F.A., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Murakami, A.A., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P.S., Corredor, G.A.A., Baker, T.R., de Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Bastin, J.-F., Bengone, N.N., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Böhning-Gaese, K., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brambach, F., Brearley, F.Q., Brewer, S.W., Camargo, J.L.C., Campbell, D.G., Castilho, C.V., Castro, W., Catchpole, D., Cerón Martínez, C.E., Chen, S., Chhang, P., Cho, P., Chutipong, W., Clark, C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Medina, M.N.C., Costa, F.R.C., Culmsee, H., David-Higuita, H., Davidar, P., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Van Do, T., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Drake, D.R., Ensslin, A., Erwin, T., Ewango, C.E.N., Ewers, R.M., Fauset, S., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Franklin, J., Fredriksson, G.M., Gillespie, T.W., Gilpin, M., Gonmadje, C., Gunatilleke, A.U.N., Hakeem, K.R., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Harris, D.J., Harrison, R.D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herault, B., Pizango, C.G.H., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hussain, M.S., Ibrahim, F.-H., Imai, N., Joly, C.A., Joseph, S., Anitha, K., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J., Killeen, T.J., Kitayama, K., Klitgård, B.B., Kooyman, R., Labrière, N., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Levesley, A., Lisingo, J., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lu, X., Lykke, A.M., Magnusson, W.E., Mahayani, N.P.D., Malhi, Y., Mansor, A., Peña, J.L.M., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Melgaco, K., Bautista, C.M., Mihindou, V., Millet, J., Milliken, W., Mohandass, D., Mendoza, A.L.M., Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nagy, L., Seuaturien, N., Nascimento, M.T., Neill, D.A., Neto, L.M., Nilus, R., Vargas, M.P.N., Nurtjahya, E., de Araújo, R.N.O., Onrizal, O., Palacios, W.A., Palacios-Ramos, S., Parren, M., Paudel, E., Morandi, P.S., Pennington, R.T., Pickavance, G., Pipoly J.J., III, Pitman, N.C.A., Poedjirahajoe, E., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, A., Puyravaud, J.-P., Qie, L., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J.M., Requena-Rojas, E.J., Correa, Z.R., Rodriguez, C.R., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rozak, A., Lleras, A.R., Rutishauser, E., Rutten, G., Punchi-Manage, R., Salomão, R.P., Van Sam, H., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schietti, J., Schmitt, C.B., Marimon, B.S., Senbeta, F., Nath Sharma, L., Sheil, D., Sierra, R., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Steininger, M.K., Steinmetz, R., Stévart, T., Sukumar, R., Sultana, A., Sunderland, T.C.H., Suresh, H.S., Tang, J., Tanner, E., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.W., Theilade, I., Timberlake, J., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Uriarte, M., Gamarra, L.V., van de Bult, M., van der Hout, P., Martinez, R.V., Vieira, I.C.G., Vieira, S.A., Vilanova, E., Cayo, J.V., Wang, O., Webb, C.O., Webb, E.L., White, L., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wich, S., Willcock, S., Wiser, S.K., Young, K.R., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Zartman, C.E., Zo-Bi, I.C., Balslev, H., Muscarella, R., Emilio, T., Phillips, O.L., Lewis, S.L., Slik, F., Baker, W.J., Couvreur, T.L.P., Eiserhardt, W.L., Svenning, J.-C., Affum-Baffoe, K., Aiba, S.-I., de Almeida, E.C., de Almeida, S.S., de Oliveira, E.A., Álvarez-Dávila, E., Alves, L.F., Alvez-Valles, C.M., Carvalho, F.A., Guarin, F.A., Andrade, A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Murakami, A.A., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P.S., Corredor, G.A.A., Baker, T.R., de Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Bastin, J.-F., Bengone, N.N., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Böhning-Gaese, K., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brambach, F., Brearley, F.Q., Brewer, S.W., Camargo, J.L.C., Campbell, D.G., Castilho, C.V., Castro, W., Catchpole, D., Cerón Martínez, C.E., Chen, S., Chhang, P., Cho, P., Chutipong, W., Clark, C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Medina, M.N.C., Costa, F.R.C., Culmsee, H., David-Higuita, H., Davidar, P., del Aguila-Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Van Do, T., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Drake, D.R., Ensslin, A., Erwin, T., Ewango, C.E.N., Ewers, R.M., Fauset, S., Feldpausch, T.R., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, L.V., Fischer, M., Franklin, J., Fredriksson, G.M., Gillespie, T.W., Gilpin, M., Gonmadje, C., Gunatilleke, A.U.N., Hakeem, K.R., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Harris, D.J., Harrison, R.D., Hector, A., Hemp, A., Herault, B., Pizango, C.G.H., Coronado, E.N.H., Hubau, W., Hussain, M.S., Ibrahim, F.-H., Imai, N., Joly, C.A., Joseph, S., Anitha, K., Kartawinata, K., Kassi, J., Killeen, T.J., Kitayama, K., Klitgård, B.B., Kooyman, R., Labrière, N., Larney, E., Laumonier, Y., Laurance, S.G., Laurance, W.F., Lawes, M.J., Levesley, A., Lisingo, J., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lu, X., Lykke, A.M., Magnusson, W.E., Mahayani, N.P.D., Malhi, Y., Mansor, A., Peña, J.L.M., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Marshall, A.R., Melgaco, K., Bautista, C.M., Mihindou, V., Millet, J., Milliken, W., Mohandass, D., Mendoza, A.L.M., Mugerwa, B., Nagamasu, H., Nagy, L., Seuaturien, N., Nascimento, M.T., Neill, D.A., Neto, L.M., Nilus, R., Vargas, M.P.N., Nurtjahya, E., de Araújo, R.N.O., Onrizal, O., Palacios, W.A., Palacios-Ramos, S., Parren, M., Paudel, E., Morandi, P.S., Pennington, R.T., Pickavance, G., Pipoly J.J., III, Pitman, N.C.A., Poedjirahajoe, E., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Rama Chandra Prasad, P., Prieto, A., Puyravaud, J.-P., Qie, L., Quesada, C.A., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Razafimahaimodison, J.C., Reitsma, J.M., Requena-Rojas, E.J., Correa, Z.R., Rodriguez, C.R., Roopsind, A., Rovero, F., Rozak, A., Lleras, A.R., Rutishauser, E., Rutten, G., Punchi-Manage, R., Salomão, R.P., Van Sam, H., Sarker, S.K., Satdichanh, M., Schietti, J., Schmitt, C.B., Marimon, B.S., Senbeta, F., Nath Sharma, L., Sheil, D., Sierra, R., Silva-Espejo, J.E., Silveira, M., Sonké, B., Steininger, M.K., Steinmetz, R., Stévart, T., Sukumar, R., Sultana, A., Sunderland, T.C.H., Suresh, H.S., Tang, J., Tanner, E., ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J.W., Theilade, I., Timberlake, J., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Uriarte, M., Gamarra, L.V., van de Bult, M., van der Hout, P., Martinez, R.V., Vieira, I.C.G., Vieira, S.A., Vilanova, E., Cayo, J.V., Wang, O., Webb, C.O., Webb, E.L., White, L., Whitfeld, T.J.S., Wich, S., Willcock, S., Wiser, S.K., Young, K.R., Zakaria, R., Zang, R., Zartman, C.E., Zo-Bi, I.C., and Balslev, H.
Abstract: Aim: Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location: Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period: Current. Major taxa studied: Palms (Arecaceae). Methods: We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191 ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10 cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co-occurring non-palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results: On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long-term climate stability. Life-form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non-tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above-ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions: Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neot
Published: 2020

40. Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora

Author: ter Steege, H., Prado, P.I., Lima, R.A.F., Pos, E., de Souza Coelho, L., de Andrade Lima Filho, D., Salomão, R.P., Amaral, I.L., de Almeida Matos, F.D., Castilho, C.V., Phillips, O.L., Guevara, J.E., de Jesus Veiga Carim, M., Cárdenas López, D., Magnusson, W.E., Wittmann, F., Martins, M.P., Sabatier, D., Irume, M.V., da Silva Guimarães, J.R., Molino, J.-F., Bánki, O.S., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Ramos, J.F., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Venticinque, E.M., Luize, B.G., Núñez Vargas, P., Silva, T.S.F., de Leão Novo, E.M.M., Reis, N.F.C., Terborgh, J., Manzatto, A.G., Casula, K.R., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Montero, J.C., Duque, A., Costa, F.R.C., Castaño Arboleda, N., Schöngart, J., Zartman, C.E., Killeen, T.J., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Vasquez, R., Mostacedo, B., Demarchi, L.O., Feldpausch, T.R., Engel, J., Petronelli, P., Baraloto, C., Assis, R.L., Castellanos, H., Simon, M.F., de Medeiros, M.B., Quaresma, A., Laurance, S.G.W., Rincón, L.M., Andrade, A., Sousa, T.R., Camargo, J.L., Schietti, J., Laurance, W.F., de Queiroz, H.L., Nascimento, H.E.M., Lopes, M.A., de Sousa Farias, E., Magalhães, J.L.L., Brienen, R., Aymard C, G.A., Revilla, J.D.C., Vieira, I.C.G., Cintra, B.B.L., Stevenson, P.R., Feitosa, Y.O., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Mogollón, H.F., Araujo-Murakami, A., Ferreira, L.V., Lozada, J.R., Comiskey, J.A., de Toledo, J.J., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., Lopes, A., García-Villacorta, R., Draper, F., Vicentini, A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Lloyd, J., Gomes, V.H.F., Neill, D., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., de Souza, F.C., Gribel, R., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F.A., de Aguiar, D.P.P., do Amaral, D.D., Pansonato, M.P., Feeley, K.J., Berenguer, E., Fine, P.V.A., Guedes, M.C., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Villa, B., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Jimenez, E.M., Licona, J.C., Cerón, C., Thomas, R., Maas, P., Silveira, M., Henkel, T.W., Stropp, J., Paredes, M.R., Dexter, K.G., Daly, D., Baker, T.R., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Pennington, T., Tello, J.S., Pena, J.L.M., Peres, C.A., Klitgaard, B., Fuentes, A., Silman, M.R., Di Fiore, A., von Hildebrand, P., Chave, J., van Andel, T.R., Hilário, R.R., Phillips, J.F., Rivas-Torres, G., Noronha, J.C., Prieto, A., Gonzales, T., de Sá Carpanedo, R., Gonzales, G.P.G., Gómez, R.Z., de Jesus Rodrigues, D., Zent, E.L., Ruschel, A.R., Vos, V.A., Fonty, É., Junqueira, A.B., Doza, H.P.D., Hoffman, B., Zent, S., Barbosa, E.M., Malhi, Y., de Matos Bonates, L.C., de Andrade Miranda, I.P., Silva, N., Barbosa, F.R., Vela, C.I.A., Pinto, L.F.M., Rudas, A., Albuquerque, B.W., Umaña, M.N., Carrero Márquez, Y.A., van der Heijden, G., Young, K.R., Tirado, M., Correa, D.F., Sierra, R., Costa, J.B.P., Rocha, M., Vilanova Torre, E., Wang, O., Oliveira, A.A., Kalamandeen, M., Vriesendorp, C., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Holmgren, M., Nascimento, M.T., Galbraith, D., Flores, B.M., Scudeller, V.V., Cano, A., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Mesones, I., Baider, C., Mendoza, C., Zagt, R., Urrego Giraldo, L.E., Ferreira, C., Villarroel, D., Linares-Palomino, R., Farfan-Rios, W., Casas, L.F., Cárdenas, S., Balslev, H., Torres-Lezama, A., Alexiades, M.N., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Valderrama Sandoval, E.H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Hernandez, L., Sampaio, A.F., Pansini, S., Palacios Cuenca, W., de Oliveira, E.A., Pauletto, D., Levesley, A., Melgaço, K., Pickavance, G., ter Steege, H., Prado, P.I., Lima, R.A.F., Pos, E., de Souza Coelho, L., de Andrade Lima Filho, D., Salomão, R.P., Amaral, I.L., de Almeida Matos, F.D., Castilho, C.V., Phillips, O.L., Guevara, J.E., de Jesus Veiga Carim, M., Cárdenas López, D., Magnusson, W.E., Wittmann, F., Martins, M.P., Sabatier, D., Irume, M.V., da Silva Guimarães, J.R., Molino, J.-F., Bánki, O.S., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Ramos, J.F., Monteagudo Mendoza, A., Venticinque, E.M., Luize, B.G., Núñez Vargas, P., Silva, T.S.F., de Leão Novo, E.M.M., Reis, N.F.C., Terborgh, J., Manzatto, A.G., Casula, K.R., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Montero, J.C., Duque, A., Costa, F.R.C., Castaño Arboleda, N., Schöngart, J., Zartman, C.E., Killeen, T.J., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Vasquez, R., Mostacedo, B., Demarchi, L.O., Feldpausch, T.R., Engel, J., Petronelli, P., Baraloto, C., Assis, R.L., Castellanos, H., Simon, M.F., de Medeiros, M.B., Quaresma, A., Laurance, S.G.W., Rincón, L.M., Andrade, A., Sousa, T.R., Camargo, J.L., Schietti, J., Laurance, W.F., de Queiroz, H.L., Nascimento, H.E.M., Lopes, M.A., de Sousa Farias, E., Magalhães, J.L.L., Brienen, R., Aymard C, G.A., Revilla, J.D.C., Vieira, I.C.G., Cintra, B.B.L., Stevenson, P.R., Feitosa, Y.O., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Mogollón, H.F., Araujo-Murakami, A., Ferreira, L.V., Lozada, J.R., Comiskey, J.A., de Toledo, J.J., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., Lopes, A., García-Villacorta, R., Draper, F., Vicentini, A., Cornejo Valverde, F., Lloyd, J., Gomes, V.H.F., Neill, D., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., de Souza, F.C., Gribel, R., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F.A., de Aguiar, D.P.P., do Amaral, D.D., Pansonato, M.P., Feeley, K.J., Berenguer, E., Fine, P.V.A., Guedes, M.C., Barlow, J., Ferreira, J., Villa, B., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Jimenez, E.M., Licona, J.C., Cerón, C., Thomas, R., Maas, P., Silveira, M., Henkel, T.W., Stropp, J., Paredes, M.R., Dexter, K.G., Daly, D., Baker, T.R., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Pennington, T., Tello, J.S., Pena, J.L.M., Peres, C.A., Klitgaard, B., Fuentes, A., Silman, M.R., Di Fiore, A., von Hildebrand, P., Chave, J., van Andel, T.R., Hilário, R.R., Phillips, J.F., Rivas-Torres, G., Noronha, J.C., Prieto, A., Gonzales, T., de Sá Carpanedo, R., Gonzales, G.P.G., Gómez, R.Z., de Jesus Rodrigues, D., Zent, E.L., Ruschel, A.R., Vos, V.A., Fonty, É., Junqueira, A.B., Doza, H.P.D., Hoffman, B., Zent, S., Barbosa, E.M., Malhi, Y., de Matos Bonates, L.C., de Andrade Miranda, I.P., Silva, N., Barbosa, F.R., Vela, C.I.A., Pinto, L.F.M., Rudas, A., Albuquerque, B.W., Umaña, M.N., Carrero Márquez, Y.A., van der Heijden, G., Young, K.R., Tirado, M., Correa, D.F., Sierra, R., Costa, J.B.P., Rocha, M., Vilanova Torre, E., Wang, O., Oliveira, A.A., Kalamandeen, M., Vriesendorp, C., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Holmgren, M., Nascimento, M.T., Galbraith, D., Flores, B.M., Scudeller, V.V., Cano, A., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Mesones, I., Baider, C., Mendoza, C., Zagt, R., Urrego Giraldo, L.E., Ferreira, C., Villarroel, D., Linares-Palomino, R., Farfan-Rios, W., Casas, L.F., Cárdenas, S., Balslev, H., Torres-Lezama, A., Alexiades, M.N., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Valderrama Sandoval, E.H., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Hernandez, L., Sampaio, A.F., Pansini, S., Palacios Cuenca, W., de Oliveira, E.A., Pauletto, D., Levesley, A., Melgaço, K., and Pickavance, G.
Abstract: Amazonian forests are extraordinarily diverse, but the estimated species richness is very much debated. Here, we apply an ensemble of parametric estimators and a novel technique that includes conspecific spatial aggregation to an extended database of forest plots with up-to-date taxonomy. We show that the species abundance distribution of Amazonia is best approximated by a logseries with aggregated individuals, where aggregation increases with rarity. By averaging several methods to estimate total richness, we confirm that over 15,000 tree species are expected to occur in Amazonia. We also show that using ten times the number of plots would result in an increase to just ~50% of those 15,000 estimated species. To get a more complete sample of all tree species, rigorous field campaigns may be needed but the number of trees in Amazonia will remain an estimate for years to come. © 2020, The Author(s).
Published: 2020

41. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author: Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., Phillips, O.L., Sullivan, M.J.P., Lewis, S.L., Affum-Baffoe, K., Castilho, C., Costa, F., Sanchez, A.C., Ewango, C.E.N., Hubau, W., Marimon, B., Monteagudo-Mendoza, A., Qie, L., Sonké, B., Martinez, R.V., Baker, T.R., Brienen, R.J.W., Feldpausch, T.R., Galbraith, D., Gloor, M., Malhi, Y., Aiba, S.-I., Alexiades, M.N., Almeida, E.C., de Oliveira, E.A., Dávila, E.Á., Loayza, P.A., Andrade, A., Vieira, S.A., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Araujo-Murakami, A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Arroyo, L., Ashton, P., Aymard C, G., Baccaro, F.B., Banin, L.F., Baraloto, C., Camargo, P.B., Barlow, J., Barroso, J., Bastin, J.-F., Batterman, S.A., Beeckman, H., Begne, S.K., Bennett, A.C., Berenguer, E., Berry, N., Blanc, L., Boeckx, P., Bogaert, J., Bonal, D., Bongers, F., Bradford, M., Brearley, F.Q., Brncic, T., Brown, F., Burban, B., Camargo, J.L., Castro, W., Céron, C., Ribeiro, S.C., Moscoso, V.C., Chave, J., Chezeaux, E., Clark, C.J., de Souza, F.C., Collins, M., Comiskey, J.A., Valverde, F.C., Medina, M.C., da Costa, L., Dančák, M., Dargie, G.C., Davies, S., Cardozo, N.D., de Haulleville, T., de Medeiros, M.B., Del Aguila Pasquel, J., Derroire, G., Di Fiore, A., Doucet, J.-L., Dourdain, A., Droissant, V., Duque, L.F., Ekoungoulou, R., Elias, F., Erwin, T., Esquivel-Muelbert, A., Fauset, S., Ferreira, J., Llampazo, G.F., Foli, E., Ford, A., Gilpin, M., Hall, J.S., Hamer, K.C., Hamilton, A.C., Harris, D.J., Hart, T.B., Hédl, R., Herault, B., Herrera, R., Higuchi, N., Hladik, A., Coronado, E.H., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Huasco, W.H., Jeffery, K.J., Jimenez-Rojas, E., Kalamandeen, M., Djuikouo, M.N.K., Kearsley, E., Umetsu, R.K., Kho, L.K., Killeen, T., Kitayama, K., Klitgaard, B., Koch, A., Labrière, N., Laurance, W., Laurance, S., Leal, M.E., Levesley, A., Lima, A.J.N., Lisingo, J., Lopes, A.P., Lopez-Gonzalez, G., Lovejoy, T., Lovett, J.C., Lowe, R., Magnusson, W.E., Malumbres-Olarte, J., Manzatto, ÂG., Marimon B.H., Jr, Marshall, A.R., Marthews, T., de Almeida Reis, S.M., Maycock, C., Melgaço, K., Mendoza, C., Metali, F., Mihindou, V., Milliken, W., Mitchard, E.T.A., Morandi, P.S., Mossman, H.L., Nagy, L., Nascimento, H., Neill, D., Nilus, R., Vargas, P.N., Palacios, W., Camacho, N.P., Peacock, J., Pendry, C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Pickavance, G.C., Pipoly, J., Pitman, N., Playfair, M., Poorter, L., Poulsen, J.R., Poulsen, A.D., Preziosi, R., Prieto, A., Primack, R.B., Ramírez-Angulo, H., Reitsma, J., Réjou-Méchain, M., Correa, Z.R., de Sousa, T.R., Bayona, L.R., Roopsind, A., Rudas, A., Rutishauser, E., Abu Salim, K., Salomão, R.P., Schietti, J., Sheil, D., Silva, R.C., Espejo, J.S., Valeria, C.S., Silveira, M., Simo-Droissart, M., Simon, M.F., Singh, J., Soto Shareva, Y.C., Stahl, C., Stropp, J., Sukri, R., Sunderland, T., Svátek, M., Swaine, M.D., Swamy, V., Taedoumg, H., Talbot, J., Taplin, J., Taylor, D., Ter Steege, H., Terborgh, J., Thomas, R., Thomas, S.C., Torres-Lezama, A., Umunay, P., Gamarra, L.V., van der Heijden, G., van der Hout, P., van der Meer, P., van Nieuwstadt, M., Verbeeck, H., Vernimmen, R., Vicentini, A., Vieira, I.C.G., Torre, E.V., Vleminckx, J., Vos, V., Wang, O., White, L.J.T., Willcock, S., Woods, J.T., Wortel, V., Young, K., Zagt, R., Zemagho, L., Zuidema, P.A., Zwerts, J.A., and Phillips, O.L.
Abstract: The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate.
Published: 2020

42. A large-scale assessment of plant dispersal mode and seed traits across human-modified Amazonian forests

Author: Hawes, J.E., Vieira, I.C.G., Magnago, L.F.S., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Cardoso, A., Lees, A.C., Lennox, G.D., Tobias, J.A., Waldron, A., Barlow, J., Hawes, J.E., Vieira, I.C.G., Magnago, L.F.S., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Cardoso, A., Lees, A.C., Lennox, G.D., Tobias, J.A., Waldron, A., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Quantifying the impact of habitat disturbance on ecosystem function is critical to understanding and predicting the future of tropical forests. Many studies have examined post‐disturbance changes in animal traits related to mutualistic interactions with plants, but the effect of disturbance on plant traits in diverse forests has received much less attention. Focusing on two study regions in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, we used a trait‐based approach to examine how seed dispersal functionality within tropical plant communities changes across a landscape‐scale gradient of human modification, including both regenerating secondary forests and primary forests disturbed by burning and selective logging. Surveys of 230 forest plots recorded 26,533 live stems from 846 tree species. Using herbarium material and literature, we compiled trait information for each tree species, focusing on dispersal mode and seed size. Disturbance reduced tree diversity and increased the proportion of lower wood density and small‐seeded tree species in study plots. Disturbance also increased the proportion of stems with seeds that are ingested by animals and reduced those dispersed by other mechanisms (e.g. wind). Older secondary forests had functionally similar plant communities to the most heavily disturbed primary forests. Mean seed size and wood density per plot were positively correlated for plant species with seeds ingested by animals. Synthesis. Anthropogenic disturbance has major effects on the seed traits of tree communities, with implications for mutualistic interactions with animals. The important role of animal‐mediated seed dispersal in disturbed and recovering forests highlights the need to avoid defaunation or promote faunal recovery. The changes in mean seed width suggest larger vertebrates hold especially important functional roles in these human‐modified forests. Monitoring fruit and seed traits can provide a valuable indicator of ecosystem condition, emphasizing the importan
Published: 2020

43. El Niño impacts on human-modified tropical forests: Consequences for dung beetle diversity and associated ecological processes:Consequences for dung beetle diversity and associated ecological processes

Author: França, F.M., Ferreira, J., Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z., Maia, L.F., Berenguer, E., Ferraz Palmeira, A., Fadini, R., Louzada, J., Braga, R., Hugo Oliveira, V., Barlow, J., França, F.M., Ferreira, J., Vaz-de-Mello, F.Z., Maia, L.F., Berenguer, E., Ferraz Palmeira, A., Fadini, R., Louzada, J., Braga, R., Hugo Oliveira, V., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Our knowledge of how tropical forest biodiversity and functioning respond to anthropogenic and climate-associated stressors is limited. Research exploring El Niño impacts are scarce or based on single post-disturbance assessments, and few studies assess forests previously affected by anthropogenic disturbance. Focusing on dung beetles and associated ecological functions, we assessed (a) the ecological effects of a strong El Niño, (b) if post-El Niño beetle responses were influenced by previous forest disturbance, and (c) how these responses compare between forests impacted only by drought and those affected by both drought and fires. We sampled 30 Amazonian forest plots distributed across a gradient of human disturbance in 2010, 2016, and 2017—approximately 5 years before, and 3–6 and 15–18 months after the 2015–16 El Niño. We found 14,451 beetles from 98 species and quantified the beetle-mediated dispersal of >8,600 seed mimics and the removal of c. 30 kg of dung. All dung beetle responses (species richness, abundance, biomass, compositional similarity to pre-El Niño condition, and rates of dung removal and seed dispersal) declined after the 2015–16 El Niño, but the greatest immediate losses (i.e., in 2016) were observed within fire-affected forests. Previous forest disturbance also influenced post-El Niño dung beetle species richness, abundance, and species composition. We demonstrate that dung beetles and their ecological functions are negatively affected by climate-associated disturbances in human-modified Amazonian forests and suggest that the interaction between local anthropogenic and climate-related stressors merits further investigation. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Published: 2020

44. Assessing the growth and climate sensitivity of secondary forests in highly deforested Amazonian landscapes

Author: Elias, F., Ferreira, J., Lennox, G.D., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, S., Schwartz, G., Melo, L.D.O., Reis Júnior, D.N., Nascimento, R.O., Ferreira, F.N., Espirito-Santo, F., Smith, C.C., Barlow, J., Elias, F., Ferreira, J., Lennox, G.D., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, S., Schwartz, G., Melo, L.D.O., Reis Júnior, D.N., Nascimento, R.O., Ferreira, F.N., Espirito-Santo, F., Smith, C.C., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Tropical forests hold 30% of Earth’s terrestrial carbon and at least 60% of its terrestrial biodiversity, but forest loss and degradation are jeopardizing these ecosystems. Although the regrowth of secondary forests has the potential to offset some of the losses of carbon and biodiversity, it remains unclear if secondary regeneration will be affected by climate changes such as higher temperatures and more frequent extreme droughts. We used a data set of 10 repeated forest inventories spanning two decades (1999–2017) to investigate carbon and tree species recovery and how climate and landscape context influence carbon dynamics in an older secondary forest located in one of the oldest post‐Columbian agricultural frontiers in the Brazilian Amazon. Carbon accumulation averaged 1.08 Mg·ha−1·yr−1, and species richness was effectively constant over the studied period. Moreover, we provide evidence that secondary forests are vulnerable to drought stress: Carbon balance and growth rates were lower in drier periods. This contrasts with drought responses in primary forests, where changes in carbon dynamics are driven by increased stem mortality. These results highlight an important climate change–vegetation feedback, whereby the increasing dry‐season lengths being observed across parts of Amazonia may reduce the effectiveness of secondary forests in sequestering carbon and mitigating climate change. In addition, the current rate of forest regrowth in this region was low compared with previous pan‐tropical and Amazonian assessments—our secondary forests reached just 41.1% of the average carbon and 56% of the tree diversity in the nearest primary forests—suggesting that these areas are unlikely to return to their original levels on politically meaningful time scales.
Published: 2020

45. Clarifying Amazonia's burning crisis

Author: Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Carmenta, R., França, F., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Carmenta, R., and França, F.
Abstract: This article clarifies the different types of fire in the Amazon, their different drivers and the positive feedbacks that can lead to more fires in the region. It then explores evidence regarding the peak in active fire detections in August 2019, showing that these were linked to the highest levels of deforestation since 2008. Finally, we examine the solutions needed to reduce the prevalence of uncontrolled or illegal fire in the Brazilian Amazon.
Published: 2020

46. Climatic and local stressor interactions threaten tropical forests and coral reefs

Author: França, F.M., Benkwitt, C.E., Peralta, G., Robinson, J.P.W., Graham, N.A.J., Tylianakis, J.M., Berenguer, E., Lees, A.C., Ferreira, J., Louzada, J., Barlow, J., França, F.M., Benkwitt, C.E., Peralta, G., Robinson, J.P.W., Graham, N.A.J., Tylianakis, J.M., Berenguer, E., Lees, A.C., Ferreira, J., Louzada, J., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Tropical forests and coral reefs host a disproportionately large share of global biodiversity and provide ecosystem functions and services used by millions of people. Yet, ongoing climate change is leading to an increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme climatic events in the tropics, which, in combination with other local human disturbances, is leading to unprecedented negative ecological consequences for tropical forests and coral reefs. Here, we provide an overview of how and where climate extremes are affecting the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and summarize how interactions between global, regional and local stressors are affecting tropical forest and coral reef systems through impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. We also discuss some key challenges and opportunities to promote mitigation and adaptation to a changing climate at local and global scales. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
Published: 2020

47. Smoke pollution's impacts in Amazonia

Author: de Oliveira, G., Chen, J.M., Stark, S.C., Berenguer, E., Moutinho, P., Artaxo, P., Anderson, L.O., Aragão, L.E.O.C., de Oliveira, G., Chen, J.M., Stark, S.C., Berenguer, E., Moutinho, P., Artaxo, P., Anderson, L.O., and Aragão, L.E.O.C.
Published: 2020

48. Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species

Author: Leal, C.G., Lennox, G.D., Ferraz, S.F.B., Ferreira, J., Gardner, T.A., Thomson, J.R., Berenguer, E., Lees, A.C., Hughes, R.M., MacNally, R., Aragão, L.E.O.C., de Brito, J.G., Castello, L., Garrett, R.D., Hamada, N., Juen, L., Leitão, R.P., Louzada, J., Morello, T.F., Moura, N.G., Nessimian, J.L., Oliveira-Junior, J.M.B., Oliveira, V.H.F., de Oliveira, V.C., Parry, L., Pompeu, P.S., Solar, R.R.C., Zuanon, J., Barlow, J., Leal, C.G., Lennox, G.D., Ferraz, S.F.B., Ferreira, J., Gardner, T.A., Thomson, J.R., Berenguer, E., Lees, A.C., Hughes, R.M., MacNally, R., Aragão, L.E.O.C., de Brito, J.G., Castello, L., Garrett, R.D., Hamada, N., Juen, L., Leitão, R.P., Louzada, J., Morello, T.F., Moura, N.G., Nessimian, J.L., Oliveira-Junior, J.M.B., Oliveira, V.H.F., de Oliveira, V.C., Parry, L., Pompeu, P.S., Solar, R.R.C., Zuanon, J., and Barlow, J.
Abstract: Conservation initiatives overwhelmingly focus on terrestrial biodiversity, and little is known about the freshwater cobenefits of terrestrial conservation actions. We sampled more than 1500 terrestrial and freshwater species in the Amazon and simulated conservation for species from both realms. Prioritizations based on terrestrial species yielded on average just 22% of the freshwater benefits achieved through freshwater-focused conservation. However, by using integrated cross-realm planning, freshwater benefits could be increased by up to 600% for a 1% reduction in terrestrial benefits. Where freshwater biodiversity data are unavailable but aquatic connectivity is accounted for, freshwater benefits could still be doubled for negligible losses of terrestrial coverage. Conservation actions are urgently needed to improve the status of freshwater species globally. Our results suggest that such gains can be achieved without compromising terrestrial conservation goals.
Published: 2020

49. Inclusion, transparency, and enforcement: How the EU-Mercosur trade agreement fails the sustainability test

Author: Kehoe, L., dos Reis, T.N.P., Meyfroidt, P., Bager, S., Seppelt, Ralf, Kuemmerle, T., Berenguer, E., Clark, M., Frankel Davis, K., zu Ermgassen, E.K.H.J., Farrell, K.N., Friis, C., Haberl, H., Kastner, T., Murtough, K.L., Persson, U.M., Romero-Muñoz, A., O’Connell, C., Valeska Schäfer, V., Virah-Sawmy, M., le Polain de Waroux, Y., Kiesecker, J., Kehoe, L., dos Reis, T.N.P., Meyfroidt, P., Bager, S., Seppelt, Ralf, Kuemmerle, T., Berenguer, E., Clark, M., Frankel Davis, K., zu Ermgassen, E.K.H.J., Farrell, K.N., Friis, C., Haberl, H., Kastner, T., Murtough, K.L., Persson, U.M., Romero-Muñoz, A., O’Connell, C., Valeska Schäfer, V., Virah-Sawmy, M., le Polain de Waroux, Y., and Kiesecker, J.
Abstract: Trade agreements could help to protect human rights, critical ecosystems, and the climate—but only if sustainability becomes a cornerstone of international trade. The EU-Mercosur trade agreement fails to meet our three tenets of sustainable trade agreements: (1) inclusion of local communities, (2) transparency mechanisms to trace commodities and provide open-access information, and (3) enforcement to legally uphold sustainability commitments.
Published: 2020

50. Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests

Author: Ter Steege, H., Henkel, T.W., Helal, N., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Huth, A., Groeneveld, J., Sabatier, D., Coelho, L.S., Filho, D.A.L., Salomão, R.P., Amaral, I.L., Matos, F.D.A., Castilho, C.V., Phillips, O.L., Guevara, J.E., Carim, M.J.V., Cárdenas López, D., Magnusson, W.E., Wittmann, F., Irume, M.V., Martins, M.P., Guimarães, J.R.D.S., Molino, J.-F., Bánki, O.S., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Mendoza, A.M., Ramos, J.F., Luize, B.G., Moraes de Leão Novo, E.M., Núñez Vargas, P., Silva, T.S.F., Venticinque, E.M., Manzatto, A.G., Reis, N.F.C., Terborgh, J., Casula, K.R., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Montero, J.C., Feldpausch, T.R., Duque, A., Costa, F.R.C., Arboleda, N.C., Schöngart, J., Killeen, T.J., Vasquez, R., Mostacedo, B., Demarchi, L.O., Assis, R.L., Baraloto, C., Engel, J., Petronelli, P., Castellanos, H., de Medeiros, M.B., Quaresma, A., Simon, M.F., Andrade, A., Camargo, J.L., Laurance, S.G.W., Laurance, W.F., Rincón, L.M., Schietti, J., Sousa, T.R., de Sousa Farias, E., Lopes, M.A., Magalhães, J.L.L., Mendonça Nascimento, H.E., Lima de Queiroz, H., Aymard C, G.A., Brienen, R., Revilla, J.D.C., Vieira, I.C.G., Cintra, B.B.L., Stevenson, P.R., Feitosa, Y.O., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Mogollón, H.F., Araujo-Murakami, A., Ferreira, L.V., Lozada, J.R., Comiskey, J.A., de Toledo, J.J., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., Draper, F., García-Villacorta, R., Lopes, A., Vicentini, A., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., Gomes, V.H.F., Lloyd, J., Neill, D., de Aguiar, D.P.P., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F.A., de Souza, F.C., do Amaral, D.D., Feeley, K.J., Gribel, R., Pansonato, M.P., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Fine, P.V.A., Guedes, M.C., Jimenez, E.M., Licona, J.C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Villa, B., Cerón, C., Maas, P., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Thomas, R., Baker, T.R., Daly, D., Dexter, K.G., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Pennington, T., Ríos Paredes, M., Fuentes, A., Klitgaard, B., Pena, J.L.M., Peres, C.A., Silman, M.R., Tello, J.S., Chave, J., Cornejo Valverde, F., Di Fiore, A., Hilário, R.R., Phillips, J.F., Rivas-Torres, G., van Andel, T.R., von Hildebrand, P., Noronha, J.C., Barbosa, E.M., Barbosa, F.R., de Matos Bonates, L.C., Carpanedo, R.S., Dávila Doza, H.P., Fonty, É., GómeZárate Z, R., Gonzales, T., Gallardo Gonzales, G.P., Hoffman, B., Junqueira, A.B., Malhi, Y., Miranda, I.P.A., Pinto, L.F.M., Prieto, A., Rodrigues, D.J., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A.R., Silva, N., Vela, C.I.A., Vos, V.A., Zent, E.L., Zent, S., Weiss Albuquerque, B., Cano, A., Carrero Márquez, Y.A., Correa, D.F., Costa, J.B.P., Flores, B.M., Galbraith, D., Holmgren, M., Kalamandeen, M., Nascimento, M.T., Oliveira, A.A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Rocha, M., Scudeller, V.V., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., Umaña Medina, M.N., van der Heijden, G., Vilanova Torre, E., Vriesendorp, C., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Baider, C., Balslev, H., Cárdenas, S., Casas, L.F., Farfan-Rios, W., Ferreira, C., Linares-Palomino, R., Mendoza, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Giraldo, L.E.U., Villarroel, D., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M.N., de Oliveira, E.A., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Hernandez, L., Palacios Cuenca, W., Pansini, S., Pauletto, D., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Sampaio, A.F., Sandoval, E.H.V., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Levesley, A., Pickavance, G., Melgaço, K., Ter Steege, H., Henkel, T.W., Helal, N., Marimon, B.S., Marimon-Junior, B.H., Huth, A., Groeneveld, J., Sabatier, D., Coelho, L.S., Filho, D.A.L., Salomão, R.P., Amaral, I.L., Matos, F.D.A., Castilho, C.V., Phillips, O.L., Guevara, J.E., Carim, M.J.V., Cárdenas López, D., Magnusson, W.E., Wittmann, F., Irume, M.V., Martins, M.P., Guimarães, J.R.D.S., Molino, J.-F., Bánki, O.S., Piedade, M.T.F., Pitman, N.C.A., Mendoza, A.M., Ramos, J.F., Luize, B.G., Moraes de Leão Novo, E.M., Núñez Vargas, P., Silva, T.S.F., Venticinque, E.M., Manzatto, A.G., Reis, N.F.C., Terborgh, J., Casula, K.R., Honorio Coronado, E.N., Montero, J.C., Feldpausch, T.R., Duque, A., Costa, F.R.C., Arboleda, N.C., Schöngart, J., Killeen, T.J., Vasquez, R., Mostacedo, B., Demarchi, L.O., Assis, R.L., Baraloto, C., Engel, J., Petronelli, P., Castellanos, H., de Medeiros, M.B., Quaresma, A., Simon, M.F., Andrade, A., Camargo, J.L., Laurance, S.G.W., Laurance, W.F., Rincón, L.M., Schietti, J., Sousa, T.R., de Sousa Farias, E., Lopes, M.A., Magalhães, J.L.L., Mendonça Nascimento, H.E., Lima de Queiroz, H., Aymard C, G.A., Brienen, R., Revilla, J.D.C., Vieira, I.C.G., Cintra, B.B.L., Stevenson, P.R., Feitosa, Y.O., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Mogollón, H.F., Araujo-Murakami, A., Ferreira, L.V., Lozada, J.R., Comiskey, J.A., de Toledo, J.J., Damasco, G., Dávila, N., Draper, F., García-Villacorta, R., Lopes, A., Vicentini, A., Alonso, A., Dallmeier, F., Gomes, V.H.F., Lloyd, J., Neill, D., de Aguiar, D.P.P., Arroyo, L., Carvalho, F.A., de Souza, F.C., do Amaral, D.D., Feeley, K.J., Gribel, R., Pansonato, M.P., Barlow, J., Berenguer, E., Ferreira, J., Fine, P.V.A., Guedes, M.C., Jimenez, E.M., Licona, J.C., Peñuela Mora, M.C., Villa, B., Cerón, C., Maas, P., Silveira, M., Stropp, J., Thomas, R., Baker, T.R., Daly, D., Dexter, K.G., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, I., Milliken, W., Pennington, T., Ríos Paredes, M., Fuentes, A., Klitgaard, B., Pena, J.L.M., Peres, C.A., Silman, M.R., Tello, J.S., Chave, J., Cornejo Valverde, F., Di Fiore, A., Hilário, R.R., Phillips, J.F., Rivas-Torres, G., van Andel, T.R., von Hildebrand, P., Noronha, J.C., Barbosa, E.M., Barbosa, F.R., de Matos Bonates, L.C., Carpanedo, R.S., Dávila Doza, H.P., Fonty, É., GómeZárate Z, R., Gonzales, T., Gallardo Gonzales, G.P., Hoffman, B., Junqueira, A.B., Malhi, Y., Miranda, I.P.A., Pinto, L.F.M., Prieto, A., Rodrigues, D.J., Rudas, A., Ruschel, A.R., Silva, N., Vela, C.I.A., Vos, V.A., Zent, E.L., Zent, S., Weiss Albuquerque, B., Cano, A., Carrero Márquez, Y.A., Correa, D.F., Costa, J.B.P., Flores, B.M., Galbraith, D., Holmgren, M., Kalamandeen, M., Nascimento, M.T., Oliveira, A.A., Ramirez-Angulo, H., Rocha, M., Scudeller, V.V., Sierra, R., Tirado, M., Umaña Medina, M.N., van der Heijden, G., Vilanova Torre, E., Vriesendorp, C., Wang, O., Young, K.R., Ahuite Reategui, M.A., Baider, C., Balslev, H., Cárdenas, S., Casas, L.F., Farfan-Rios, W., Ferreira, C., Linares-Palomino, R., Mendoza, C., Mesones, I., Torres-Lezama, A., Giraldo, L.E.U., Villarroel, D., Zagt, R., Alexiades, M.N., de Oliveira, E.A., Garcia-Cabrera, K., Hernandez, L., Palacios Cuenca, W., Pansini, S., Pauletto, D., Ramirez Arevalo, F., Sampaio, A.F., Sandoval, E.H.V., Valenzuela Gamarra, L., Levesley, A., Pickavance, G., and Melgaço, K.
Abstract: Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such “monodominant” forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors.
Published: 2019

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