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2. A model intercomparison project to study the role of plant functional diversity in the response of tropical forests to drought

Author

Lichstein, J.W., Longo, M., Bereswill, S., Blanco, C.C., Bonal, D., Chave, J., Christoffersen, B.O'D, de Paula, M.D., Derroire, G., Fisher, R.A., Hickler, T., Higgins, S., Hiltner, U., Hofhansl, F., Hogan, J.A., Huth, A., Joshi, J., Knapp, N., Langan, L., Lapola, D., Marechaux, I., Martinez Cano, I., Ongole, S., Rau, E-P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Sakschewski, B., Saleska, S., Scheiter, S., Stahl, C., Thonicke, K., Wirth, C., Lichstein, J.W., Longo, M., Bereswill, S., Blanco, C.C., Bonal, D., Chave, J., Christoffersen, B.O'D, de Paula, M.D., Derroire, G., Fisher, R.A., Hickler, T., Higgins, S., Hiltner, U., Hofhansl, F., Hogan, J.A., Huth, A., Joshi, J., Knapp, N., Langan, L., Lapola, D., Marechaux, I., Martinez Cano, I., Ongole, S., Rau, E-P., Restrepo-Coupe, N., Sakschewski, B., Saleska, S., Scheiter, S., Stahl, C., Thonicke, K., and Wirth, C.

Abstract

Uncertainty in how the land carbon (C) sink will change over time contributes to uncertainty in Earth system model (ESM) projections of climate change. Much of the land sink is thought to reside in old-growth tropical forests, but recent analyses suggest a diminishing C sink in these forests due to rising temperatures and drought. Thus, there is an urgent need to better understand tropical forest responses to drought and to incorporate this understanding into ESMs. Previous work with vegetation demographic models (VDMs) – which represent the dynamics of individuals or cohorts, along with hydrology and biogeochemistry − suggest that functional diversity can enhance tropical forest resilience to climate change. However, there is little understanding of how different approaches to representing trait diversity and demography affect model outcomes. To explore the potential for trait diversity to moderate tropical forest responses to drought, we explored the behavior of nine VDMs, ranging from models with detailed site-level parameterizations to more generalized land models designed as ESM components. The behavior of each model was studied using soil and meteorological data collected at each of two tropical forest sites: Paracou Research Station, French Guiana, and Tapajos National Forest, Brazil. Low and high trait-diversity scenarios were simulated for each model using historical meteorology, as well as reduced rainfall scenarios. Few models showed strong effects of trait diversity on drought resistance (short-term response of forest biomass to rainfall reduction), but most models showed positive effects of diversity on resilience (long-term recovery of forest biomass following the initial biomass loss due to rainfall reduction). Long-term recovery was always associated with shifts in community composition towards greater drought-tolerance. However, there were large differences among models in the degree and time-scale of recovery. These differences were unrelated to th

Published
2023

8. Exacerbation of murine ileitis by Toll-like receptor 4 mediated sensing of lipopolysaccharide from commensal Escherichia coli

Author

Heimesaat, M.M., Fischer, A., Jahn, H.-K., Niebergall, J., Freundenberg, M., Blaut, M., Liesenfeld, O., Schumann, R.R., Gobel, U.B., and Bereswill, S.

Subjects
Inflammatory bowel diseases -- Causes of, Inflammatory bowel diseases -- Development and progression, Colorectal diseases -- Drug therapy, Colorectal diseases -- Development and progression, Gastrointestinal diseases -- Drug therapy, Gastrointestinal diseases -- Development and progression, Escherichia coli -- Research, Microbial polysaccharides -- Research, Health
Published
2007

33. The climate warming effect of a fen peat meadow with fluctuating water table is reduced by young alder trees

Author

Vytas Huth, Mathias Hoffmann, Bereswill, S., Yulia Popova, Dominik Zak, and Jürgen Augustin

Subjects
FLUXES, GRASSLAND, carbon, methane, WETLAND RESTORATION, Alnus, GLUTINOSA L. GAERTN, extreme precipitation events, lcsh:QH540-549.5, GREENHOUSE-GAS BALANCES, METHANE EMISSIONS, GASEOUS NITROGEN, CO2, lcsh:Ecology, ORGANIC SOILS, drained fen
Abstract

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) occurs naturally in temperate marshes and in minerotrophic peatlands and is also suitable for paludiculture - the cultivation of biomass on wet or rewetted peatland. We investigated the effect of a newly established black alder plantation on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of a degraded fen in north-eastern Germany over a two-year period (August 2010-August 2012). We compared the alder plantation (A(wet)) with an extensively used meadow (M-wet) and a drier reference meadow (M-moist). GHG fluxes were measured monthly to bi-monthly using the closed chamber method. Our results show that A(wet) was a slight net GHG (in CO2-eq) sink of -3.4 +/- 1.7 t ha(-1) yr(-1), M-wet was a moderate net GHG source of 9.6 +/- 1.2 t ha(-1) yr(-1), and M-wet was a strong net GHG source of 24.5 +/- 1.6 t ha(-1) yr(-1). This was mainly driven by CO2 uptake at the two very moist (wet) sites and by high CO2 release at the drier reference site. A(wet) was a larger CO2 sink than M-wet, probably due to additional CO2 uptake by the alder stand at A(wet) and carbon export in plant material harvested from A(wet). All sites were significant CH4 sources. Substantial CH4 emission peaks were observed at all sites following extraordinarily heavy precipitation during the summer of 2011, which accounted for up to 70 % of the accumulated two-year CH4 emissions. However, the A(wet) site generally emitted less CH4, possibly due to the effective oxygen transport mechanism in black alders. N2O emissions were negligible at all three sites. Our results indicate that the GHG balances of formerly drained fens benefit in the short term from planting of black alders, mostly due to reduced CH4 emissions. This study highlights the importance of acknowledging extreme precipitation events and groundwater fluctuations for the derivation of reliable GHG emission factors.

Published
2018
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35. Antibiotic treatment-induced secondary IgA-deficiency enhances susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia

Author

Robak, OH, Heimesaat, MM, Kruglov, AA, Prepens, S, Ninnemann, J, Gutbier, B, Reppe, K, Hochrein, H, Suter, M, Kirschning, CJ, Marathe, VM, Buer, J, Hornef, MW, Schnare, M, Schneider, P, Witzenrath, M, Bereswill, S, Steinhoff, U, Suttorp, N, Sander, LE, Chapu, C, Opitz, B, Robak, OH, Heimesaat, MM, Kruglov, AA, Prepens, S, Ninnemann, J, Gutbier, B, Reppe, K, Hochrein, H, Suter, M, Kirschning, CJ, Marathe, VM, Buer, J, Hornef, MW, Schnare, M, Schneider, P, Witzenrath, M, Bereswill, S, Steinhoff, U, Suttorp, N, Sander, LE, Chapu, C, and Opitz, B

Published
2018

37. Role of the Helicobacter pylori NikR Protein in Regulation of Urease

Author

van Vliet, A.H.M., Davies, B.J., Poppelaars, S., Stoof, J., Penn, C.W., Bereswill, S., Kist, M., Kuipers, E.J., and Kusters, J.G.

Subjects
Physiological aspects, Enzyme regulation -- Physiological aspects, Helicobacter pylori -- Physiological aspects, Enzymes -- Regulation
Abstract

A.H.M. van Vlict [1] B.J. Davies [2] S. Poppelaars [1] J. Stoof [1] C.W. Penn [2] S. Bereswill [3] M. Kist [3] E.J. Kuipers [1] J.G. Kusters [1] [3/04] Role [...]

Published
2001

38. The Role of the Helicobacter pylori Fur Protein in Regulation of Iron Acquisition and Iron Storage

Author

van Vliet, A.H.M., Vlasblom, R., Stoof, J., Wainwright, S.J., Hughes, N.J., Kelly, D.J., Bereswill, S., Bijlsma, J.J.E., Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C.M.J., Kist, M., Kuipers, E.J., and Kusters, J.G.

Subjects
Physiological aspects, Iron (Nutrient) -- Physiological aspects, Helicobacter pylori -- Physiological aspects, Iron in the body -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

A.H.M. van Vliet [1,2] R. Vlasblom [2] J. Stoof [1] S.J. Wainwright [3] N.J. Hughes [3] D.J. Kelly [3] S. Bereswill [4] J.J.E. Bijlsma [2] C.M.J. Vandenbroucke-Grauls [2] M. Kist [...]

Published
2001

40. Pasteurellaceae ComE1 proteins combine the properties of Fibronectin Adhesins and DNA binding competence proteins

Author

Bereswill, S., Mullen, Lisa M., Bossé, J.T., Nair, S.P., Ward, J.M., Rycroft, A.N., Robertson, Giles, Langford, P.R., and Henderson, B.

Subjects
bcs
Abstract

A novel fibronectin-binding protein from Pasteurella multocida (PM1665) that binds to the fibronectin type III9-10 modules via two helix-hairpin-helix motifs has recently been described [1]. This protein shares homology with competence-related DNA-binding and uptake proteins (ComEA and ComE) from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we show that recombinant PM1665 (now designated ComE1) also binds to DNA through the same helix-hairpin-helix motifs required for fibronectin-binding. This binding to DNA is non sequence-specific and is confined to double-stranded DNA. We have cloned and expressed ComE1 proteins from five members of the Pasteurellaceae in order to further investigate the function(s) of these proteins. When expressed as recombinant GST-fusion proteins, all of the homologues bound both to fibronectin and to double-stranded DNA. Inactivation of the gene encoding the ComE1 homologue in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae indicates major roles for these proteins in at least two processes: natural transformation, and binding of bacteria to fibronectin.

Published
2008

41. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol

Author

Aebischer, T., Fischer, A., Walduck, A., Schlötelburg, C., Lindig, M., Schreiber, S., Meyer, T., Bereswill, S., and Goebel, U.

Published
2006

43. The climate warming effect of a fen peat meadow with fluctuating water table is reduced by young alder trees.

Author

Huth, V., Hoffmann, M., Bereswill, S., Popova, Y., Zak, D., and Augustin, J.

Abstract

Black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) occurs naturally in temperate marshes and in minerotrophic peatlands and is also suitable for paludiculture - the cultivation of biomass on wet or rewetted peatland. We investigated the effect of a newly established black alder plantation on the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of a degraded fen in north-eastern Germany over a two-year period (August 2010-August 2012). We compared the alder plantation (Awet) with an extensively used meadow (Mwet) and a drier reference meadow (Mmoist). GHG fluxes were measured monthly to bi-monthly using the closed chamber method. Our results show that Awet was a slight net GHG (in CO2-eq) sink of -3.4 ± 1.7 t ha-1 yr-1, Mwet was a moderate net GHG source of 9.6 ± 1.2 t ha-1 yr-1, and Mmoist was a strong net GHG source of 24.5 ± 1.6 t ha-1 yr-1. This was mainly driven by CO2 uptake at the two very moist (wet) sites and by high CO2 release at the drier reference site. Awet was a larger CO2 sink than Mwet, probably due to additional CO2 uptake by the alder stand at Awet and carbon export in plant material harvested from Mwet. All sites were significant CH4 sources. Substantial CH4 emission peaks were observed at all sites following extraordinarily heavy precipitation during the summer of 2011, which accounted for up to 70 % of the accumulated two-year CH4 emissions. However, the Awet site generally emitted less CH4, possibly due to the effective oxygen transport mechanism in black alders. N2O emissions were negligible at all three sites. Our results indicate that the GHG balances of formerly drained fens benefit in the short term from planting of black alders, mostly due to reduced CH4 emissions. This study highlights the importance of acknowledging extreme precipitation events and groundwater fluctuations for the derivation of reliable GHG emission factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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44. Faecal Microbiota of Cats with Insulin-Treated Diabetes Mellitus

Author

Bereswill, S, Bell, ET, Suchodolski, JS, Isaiah, A, Fleeman, LM, Cook, AK, Steiner, JM, Mansfield, CS, Bereswill, S, Bell, ET, Suchodolski, JS, Isaiah, A, Fleeman, LM, Cook, AK, Steiner, JM, and Mansfield, CS

Abstract

Microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract significantly influence metabolic processes within their mammalian host, and recently several groups have sought to characterise the gastrointestinal microbiota of individuals affected by metabolic disease. Differences in the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota have been reported in mouse models of type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as in human patients. Diabetes mellitus in cats has many similarities to type 2 diabetes in humans. No studies of the gastrointestinal microbiota of diabetic cats have been previously published. The objectives of this study were to compare the composition of the faecal microbiota of diabetic and non-diabetic cats, and secondarily to determine if host signalment and dietary factors influence the composition of the faecal microbiota in cats. Faecal samples were collected from insulin-treated diabetic and non-diabetic cats, and Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and quantitative PCR were performed on each sample. ANOSIM based on the unweighted UniFrac distance metric identified no difference in the composition of the faecal microbiota between diabetic and non-diabetic cats, and no significant differences in the proportions of dominant bacteria by phylum, class, order, family or genus as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing were identified between diabetic and non-diabetic cats. qPCR identified a decrease in Faecalibacterium spp. in cats aged over ten years. Cat breed or gender, dietary carbohydrate, protein or fat content, and dietary formulation (wet versus dry food) did not affect the composition of the faecal microbiota. In conclusion, the composition of the faecal microbiota was not altered by the presence of diabetes mellitus in cats. Additional studies that compare the functional products of the microbiota in diabetic and non-diabetic cats are warranted to further investigate the potential impact of the gastrointestinal microbiota on metabolic diseases such as diabetes

Published
2014

46. Microbial Pathogenomics

Author

de Reuse, H., Bereswill, S., de Reuse, H., and Bereswill, S.

Subjects
Bacterial genomes, Pathogenic bacteria, Bacteria--genetics, Bacteria--pathogenicity, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

'Microbial Pathogenomics'contains a unique collection of reviews demonstrating how genomics has revolutionized our understanding of virulence, host-adaptation strategies and the evolution of bacterial pathogens. Current technologies - computational tools and functional approaches to genome analysis - are carefully documented and clearly illustrated. These include visualization tools for genome comparison, databases, in silico metabolic reconstructions and function prediction as well as interactomics for the study of protein-protein interactions. The concepts of pan-genomics and reverse vaccinology are introduced as strategies when addressing the challenge presented by bacterial diversity in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. The authors explore individual bacterial pathogens and discuss the mechanisms that have contributed to their evolutionary success. Special cases of host adaptation, for example, are illustrated by Helicobacter pylori and'Mycobacterium tuberculosis'which are human-specific and highly persistent; further bacteria discussed include'Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, Pseudomonas, Legionella, Bartonella, Burkholderia'and'Staphylococcus'.'Microbial Pathogenomics'provides the reader with a global view of key aspects and future trends in bacterial pathogenomics and evaluates their impact on the understanding and treatment of infectious diseases. Well illustrated and accessible to both specialists and nonspecialists, it is recommended not only for researchers in microbiology, genomics and biotechnology, but also for lecturers and teachers.

Published
2009

48. Ion metabolism and transport

Author

van Vliet, AHM (Arnoud), Bereswill, S, Kusters, JG (Johannes), Mobley, H.L.T., Mendz, G.L., Hazell, S.L., and Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Published
2001

49. Interleukin-7 links T lymphocyte and intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis.

Author

Thi Thu Nguyen, H, Shalapour, S, Deiser, K, Kühl, AA, Glauben, R, Krug, SM, Fischer, A, Sercan, O, Chappaz, S, Bereswill, S, Heimesaat, MM, Loddenkemper, C, Fromm, M, Finke, D, Hämmerling, GJ, Arnold, B, Siegmund, B, Schüler, T, Thi Thu Nguyen, H, Shalapour, S, Deiser, K, Kühl, AA, Glauben, R, Krug, SM, Fischer, A, Sercan, O, Chappaz, S, Bereswill, S, Heimesaat, MM, Loddenkemper, C, Fromm, M, Finke, D, Hämmerling, GJ, Arnold, B, Siegmund, B, and Schüler, T

Abstract

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a major survival factor for mature T cells. Therefore, the degree of IL-7 availability determines the size of the peripheral T cell pool and regulates T cell homeostasis. Here we provide evidence that IL-7 also regulates the homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), colon function and the composition of the commensal microflora. In the colon of T cell-deficient, lymphopenic mice, IL-7-producing IEC accumulate. IEC hyperplasia can be blocked by IL-7-consuming T cells or the inactivation of the IL-7/IL-7R signaling pathway. However, the blockade of the IL-7/IL-7R signaling pathway renders T cell-deficient mice more sensitive to chemically-induced IEC damage and subsequent colitis. In summary, our data demonstrate that IL-7 promotes IEC hyperplasia under lymphopenic conditions. Under non-lymphopenic conditions, however, T cells consume IL-7 thereby limiting IEC expansion and survival. Hence, the degree of IL-7 availability regulates both, T cell and IEC homeostasis.

Published
2012

50. Interaction of Crohn's Disease Susceptibility Genes in an Australian Paediatric Cohort

Author

Bereswill, S, Wagner, J, Sim, WH, Ellis, JA, Ong, EK, Catto-Smith, AG, Cameron, DJS, Bishop, RF, Kirkwood, CD, Bereswill, S, Wagner, J, Sim, WH, Ellis, JA, Ong, EK, Catto-Smith, AG, Cameron, DJS, Bishop, RF, and Kirkwood, CD

Abstract

Genetic susceptibility is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated multiple CD susceptibility genes in an Australian paediatric onset CD cohort. Newly diagnosed paediatric onset CD patients (n = 72) and controls (n = 98) were genotyped for 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 18 genetic loci. Gene-gene interaction analysis, gene-disease phenotype analysis and genetic risk profiling were performed for all SNPs and all genes. Of the 34 SNPs analysed, four polymorphisms on three genes (NOD2, IL23R, and region 3p21) were significantly associated with CD status (p<0.05). All three CD specific paediatric polymorphisms on PSMG1 and TNFRSF6B showed a trend of association with p<0.1. An additive gene-gene interaction involving TLR4, PSMG1, TNFRSF6B and IRGM was identified with CD. Genes involved in microbial processing (TLR4, PSMG1, NOD2) were significantly associated either at the individual level or in gene-gene interactive roles. Colonic disease was significantly associated with disease SNP rs7517847 (IL23R) (p<0.05) and colonic and ileal/colonic disease was significantly associated with disease SNP rs125221868 (IBD5) and SLC22A4 & SLC22A4/5 variants (p<0.05). We were able to demonstrate genetic association of several genes to CD in a paediatric onset cohort. Several of the observed associations have not been reported previously in association with paediatric CD patients. Our findings demonstrate that CD genetic susceptibility in paediatric patients presents as a complex interaction between numerous genes.

Published
2010

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