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A helical wiggler with parameter k_{u}nd=4.35 has been designed for the Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) experiment in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). We consider four Halbach arrays, which dimensions are optimized to get the required helical field profile, as well as, to get the best Dynamic Aperture (DA) in simulations. The end poles are designed with different dimensions to minimize the first and second field integrals to avoid the need of additional correctors for the beam orbit. The design is adopted to minimize the risks for the magnet blocks demagnetization. To quantify the tolerances, we simulated the effects of different types of geometrical and magnetic field errors on the OSC damping rates. In addition, to understand the challenges for the construction, as well as, to validate the model field calculations, we prototyped a small two period version. The prototype field is compared to the model, and the results are presented in this work., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

Microbunched electron cooling (MBEC) is a cooling scheme in which a beam of hadrons to be cooled induces energy perturbations in a beam of electrons. These electron energy perturbations are amplified and turned into density modulations, which in turn provide energy kicks to the hadrons, tending to cool them. For simplification, previous work has modelled the electron-hadron interactions using a disc-disc model, assuming that the inter-particle kicks depend only on the longitudinal distances between individual hadrons and electrons. In reality, these kicks will also have a transverse dependence, which will impact the cooling process. We incorporate this transverse kick dependence into our simulations of the cooling process, allowing us to better understand the physics and provide improved design goals for the MBEC cooler for the Electron-Ion Collider., Proceedings of the 5th North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2022, Albuquerque, NM, USA

Intra-beam Scattering (IBS) and other diffusion mechanisms in the EIC Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) degrade the beam emittances during a store, with growth times of about 2 hours at the nominal proton energies of 275GeV, 100 GeV, and 41 GeV. Strong Hadron Cooling (SHC) can maintain good hadron beam quality and high luminosity during long collision stores. A novel cooling method ’ Coherent electron Cooling (CeC) ’ is chosen as the baseline SHC method, due to its high cooling rates. An Energy Recovery Linac (ERL) is used to deliver an intense high-quality electron beam for cooling. In this paper, we discuss the beam requirements for SHC-CeC and describe the current status of the injector and ERL designs. Two designs of injector and ERL will be presented: one for dedicated SHC and another one for SHC with precooler., Proceedings of the 31st International Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC2022, Liverpool, UK

Insertion Region 2 (IR2) of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider will be modified to accommodate a Strong Hadron Cooling facility in the Hadron Storage Ring (HSR) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). This paper describes the current proof-of-principle design of HSR-IR2 - layout, optical performance, design methodology, and engineering requirements. It also describes the challenges and opportunities in the future development of the HSR-IR2 design, in order to further optimize Strong Hadron Cooling performance., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

The Electron Ion Collider aims to produce luminosities of 10³⁴ cm⁻²s⁻¹ . The machine will operate over a broad range of collision energies with highly polarized beams. The coexistence of highly radiative electrons and nonradiative ions produce a host of unique effects. Strong hadron cooling will be employed for the final factor of 3 luminosity boost., Proceedings of the 13th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2022, Bangkok, Thailand

This report represents a natural aftermath to the National Labor Relations Board's 1970 assertion of jurisdiction over private universities and colleges. For the first time, the Board decided that employees of private higher educational institutions had the right to unionize and to bargain collectively with their employer. The so-protected educational institution employee may be a member of the faculty or nonacademic staff. Of paramount importance, the Labor Act grants to employees "the right to self-organization, to form, join or assist labor organization, to bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and to engage in other concerted activities for the purpose of collective bargaining." Highlighted in this document are some of the major problems confronting an educational employer faced with the prospect of a union organizational effort. These comments also contain an explanation of some of the pitfalls that appear in many union organizational settings, and which, if the leap into the pit follows, may constitute an unfair labor practice, or perhaps more importantly, a ground for setting aside a union election on the campus. (Author/PG)

Microbunched electron cooling (MBEC) is a promising new technique for cooling dense hadron beams. It operates by copropagating the hadron beam with a beam of electrons, during which time the hadrons induce an energy modulation on the electrons. This is amplified, turned into a density modulation, and acts back on the hadrons in order to give them energy kicks which tend to reduce their initial energy spread and emittance. We plan to use this technique to cool the proton beams at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). In order to better understand the process, we have expanded on our simulation codes of cooling times and saturation effects, allowing us to explore such issues as variable Courant-Snyder parameters within the lattice elements., Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Beam Cooling and Related Topics, COOL2021, Novosibirsk, Russia

In order to reach its maximum luminosity, the electron-ion collider (EIC) is being designed to use microbunched electron cooling (MBEC) to cool the hadron beam. This involves having the hadron beam imprint on a beam of electrons, enhancing the perturbations in the electron beam using the microbunching instability, and feeding back on the original hadron beam to correct deviations in hadron energy, and, through the use of dispersion, the transverse emittances. This process has been modelled analytically in the linear regime*. However, in order to maximize the cooling rate, we wish to know how much saturation in the electron beam is acceptable before the effects of nonlinearity cause significant deviations from the analytic results. To understand this, we have developed a code to do fast one-dimensional plasma simulations of hadrons and electrons as they move through the MBEC section of the EIC. In addition to permitting us to understand the effects of saturation, other effects are included which do not fit easily in the analytic formalism., Proceedings of the 12th International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil

Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) is a promising method for cooling very dense stored particle beams through the interference of radiation created in an upstream ’pickup’ wiggler and a downstream ’kicker’ wiggler. By correlating a particle’s path length via a bypass between the two wigglers with its betatron coordinates in the pickup, the particle will receive a kick in energy which, through coupling introduced by non-zero horizontal dispersion in the kicker, can reduce its betatron amplitude, thus cooling the beam. A proof-of-principle test of this technique is being planned at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). In addition to maintaining standard requirements such as a large dynamic aperture and acceptable lattice functions throughout the ring, the design of the bypass is guided by the mutually competing goals of maximizing the cooling rate while maintaining a sufficiently large cooling acceptance with properly-corrected nonlinearities. We present a design of such a bypass and ring optics so as to best achieve these objectives., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Particle accelerators contain hundreds of magnets, making dimension-reduction techniques attractive when attempting to tune them. We apply this procedure to two different problems: correcting the orbit in the Cornell synchrotron and maximizing the dynamic aperture in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR). Cornell’s rapid cycling synchrotron accepts a 200 MeV beam from the linac and accelerates it to 6 GeV for injection into the CESR. ‘Kicker coils’ (dipole correctors) are used to correct for residual fields which would otherwise cause beam loss at the low energies. In such cases, it is usually advisable to measure and correct the orbit. However, one cannot measure the orbit without first getting the beam to circulate a few hundred times, by which point the low-energy orbit would already be mostly corrected. In order to speed up the process of empirical orbit tuning, we form knobs which have the largest effect on the global orbit error, so that the dimensionality of the space which must be searched may be greatly reduced. A small dynamic aperture in CESR will have adverse effects on beam lifetime and injection efficiency, and so ought to be maximized by tuning sextupoles. However, it is often unclear which sextupoles one ought to tune to alleviate the problem. Moreover, once the chromaticity is properly adjusted, it should not be changed. Since we expect resonance driving terms (RDTs) to have a large impact on the dynamic aperture, we develop sextupole knobs which change the RDTs as much as possible while leaving the chromaticity fixed., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

In order to test the process of Optical Stochastic Cooling (OSC) at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), we plan to use helical wigglers as both the pickup and kicker, since the required radiation wavelength of 800nm can be achieved with lower magnetic field strength in helical as compared to planar wigglers. In order to simulate the lattice with such wigglers, it is useful to be able to model the effect of the wiggler on the optics without resorting to direct tracking, which is time-consuming and so ill-suited for the repeated evaluations necessary in running an optimizer. We generate a Taylor map to third order for this element using analytic field expressions, enabling easy determination of the effects of such an element on linear and nonlinear optics. This model is compared with the results of direct tracking and shows good agreement., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

In order to reduce the vertical emittance at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), we first measure and correct the vertical orbit, dispersion, and coupling. However, due to the finite resolution of our optics measurements, we still retain a significant residual emittance. In order to correct this further, we made use of the theory of sloppy models, according to which certain high-dimensionality systems can be modeled with significantly fewer "eigenparameters" that still contain most of the effect on the desired objective, in this case, the emittance.* However, we noted that using these knobs for tuning often resulted in increased vertical orbit errors. In an attempt to constrain these, we have applied multi-objective genetic algorithms to this problem. We have found that it can be more efficient to run such algorithms using our eigenparameters as the genes to be varied, as opposed to the raw magnet values. When running with the first 8 such knobs as genes, we can get either orbits or beam sizes as good as we obtain with our regular emittance-tuning algorithm which uses all the corrector magnets., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Our current method to minimize the vertical emittance of the beam at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR) involves measurement and correction of the dispersion, coupling, and orbit of the beam and lets us reach emittances of 10 pm, but is limited by finite dispersion measurement resolution.* For further improvement in the vertical emittance, we propose using a method based on the theory of sloppy models.** The storage ring lattice permits us to identify the dependence of the dispersion and emittance on our corrector magnets, and taking the singular value decomposition of the dispersion/corrector Jacobian gives us the combinations of these magnets which will be effective knobs for emittance tuning, ordered by singular value. These knobs will permit us to empirically tune the emittance based on direct measurements of the vertical beam size. Simulations show that when starting from a lattice with realistic alignment errors which has been corrected by our existing method to have an emittance of a few pm, this new method will enable us to reduce the emittance to nearly the quantum limit, assuming that vertical dispersion is the primary source of our residual emittance., Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conf., NAPAC2016, Chicago, IL, USA

In order to minimize the emittance at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring (CESR), we measure and correct the orbit, dispersion, and transverse coupling of the beam.* However, this method is limited by finite measurement resolution of the dispersion, and so a new procedure must be used to further reduce the emittance due to dispersion. In order to achieve this, we use a method based upon the theory of sloppy models.** We use a model of the accelerator to create the Hessian matrix which encodes the effects of various corrector magnets on the vertical emittance. A singular value decomposition of this matrix yields the magnet combinations which have the greatest effect on the emittance. We can then adjust these magnet ‘‘knobs'' sequentially in order to decrease the dispersion and the emittance. We present here comparisons of the effectiveness of this procedure in both experiment and simulation using a variety of CESR lattices. We also discuss techniques to minimize changes to parameters we have already corrected., Proceedings of the 8th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2017, Copenhagen, Denmark

Identifies and comments on methods that higher education institutions and unions have agreed to for the settlement of collective bargaining disputes or grievances in the 150 existing labor agreements covering more than 210 institutions, nearly 70 percent of them 2-year institutions. The institutions covered by these agreements are listed. (JT)

The ALICE TOF detector is vital for particle identification at intermediate momenta. We therefore wish to understand its efficiency, so we computed the fraction of tracks in the TPC which have an associated hit in the TOF. Since there are many reasons for a track to not have a hit in the TOF unrelated to the detector efficiency, we improved cleanliness cuts on the TOF tracks and required that they have a hit on the EMCAL to ensure that they were real particles and had passed through the TOF. In addition, we wanted to correct for the fact that some of the tracks would pass through dead areas of the TOF. Having applied all of our selections and this acceptance correction, we obtained a TOF efficiency of 0.978 $\pm$ 0.004.