1. The Genetic Architecture of Parkinson Disease in Spain: Characterizing Population-Specific Risk, Differential Haplotype Structures, and Providing Etiologic Insight.
- Author
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Bandres-Ciga S, Ahmed S, Sabir MS, Blauwendraat C, Adarmes-Gómez AD, Bernal-Bernal I, Bonilla-Toribio M, Buiza-Rueda D, Carrillo F, Carrión-Claro M, Gómez-Garre P, Jesús S, Labrador-Espinosa MA, Macias D, Méndez-Del-Barrio C, Periñán-Tocino T, Tejera-Parrado C, Vargas-González L, Diez-Fairen M, Alvarez I, Tartari JP, Buongiorno M, Aguilar M, Gorostidi A, Bergareche JA, Mondragon E, Vinagre-Aragon A, Croitoru I, Ruiz-Martínez J, Dols-Icardo O, Kulisevsky J, Marín-Lahoz J, Pagonabarraga J, Pascual-Sedano B, Ezquerra M, Cámara A, Compta Y, Fernández M, Fernández-Santiago R, Muñoz E, Tolosa E, Valldeoriola F, Gonzalez-Aramburu I, Sanchez Rodriguez A, Sierra M, Menéndez-González M, Blazquez M, Garcia C, Suarez-San Martin E, García-Ruiz P, Martínez-Castrillo JC, Vela-Desojo L, Ruz C, Barrero FJ, Escamilla-Sevilla F, Mínguez-Castellanos A, Cerdan D, Tabernero C, Gomez Heredia MJ, Perez Errazquin F, Romero-Acebal M, Feliz C, Lopez-Sendon JL, Mata M, Martínez Torres I, Kim JJ, Dalgard CL, Brooks J, Saez-Atienzar S, Gibbs JR, Jorda R, Botia JA, Bonet-Ponce L, Morrison KE, Clarke C, Tan M, Morris H, Edsall C, Hernandez D, Simon-Sanchez J, Nalls MA, Scholz SW, Jimenez-Escrig A, Duarte J, Vives F, Duran R, Hoenicka J, Alvarez V, Infante J, Marti MJ, Clarimón J, López de Munain A, Pastor P, Mir P, and Singleton A
- Subjects
- Adult, Age of Onset, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Chromosome Mapping, Cost of Illness, DNA Methylation, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotype, Haplotypes, Humans, Machine Learning, Male, Middle Aged, Multifactorial Inheritance, Spain, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases genetics, Parkinson Disease genetics
- Abstract
Background: The Iberian Peninsula stands out as having variable levels of population admixture and isolation, making Spain an interesting setting for studying the genetic architecture of neurodegenerative diseases., Objectives: To perform the largest PD genome-wide association study restricted to a single country., Methods: We performed a GWAS for both risk of PD and age at onset in 7,849 Spanish individuals. Further analyses included population-specific risk haplotype assessments, polygenic risk scoring through machine learning, Mendelian randomization of expression, and methylation data to gain insight into disease-associated loci, heritability estimates, genetic correlations, and burden analyses., Results: We identified a novel population-specific genome-wide association study signal at PARK2 associated with age at onset, which was likely dependent on the c.155delA mutation. We replicated four genome-wide independent signals associated with PD risk, including SNCA, LRRK2, KANSL1/MAPT, and HLA-DQB1. A significant trend for smaller risk haplotypes at known loci was found compared to similar studies of non-Spanish origin. Seventeen PD-related genes showed functional consequence by two-sample Mendelian randomization in expression and methylation data sets. Long runs of homozygosity at 28 known genes/loci were found to be enriched in cases versus controls., Conclusions: Our data demonstrate the utility of the Spanish risk haplotype substructure for future fine-mapping efforts, showing how leveraging unique and diverse population histories can benefit genetic studies of complex diseases. The present study points to PARK2 as a major hallmark of PD etiology in Spain. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society., (© 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.)
- Published
- 2019
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