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We present studies of the Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) emission in the Fornax cluster of galaxies; a relatively nearby well-studied cluster with X-ray emitting cluster gas and a very large radio source. We examine both the large-scale (~size of the X-ray emitting cluster gas), and the small-scale (

We present the results of a search for Extreme Ultraviolet emission in A4059, a cluster with an X-ray emitting cluster gas. Our analysis of Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) Deep Survey observations of this cluster shows that it is associated with diffuse EUV emission. Outside the central 2 arcmin radius the entire EUV emission detected is explained by the low energy tail of the X-ray emitting gas. Within the central 2 arcmin region of the cluster we find a deficit of EUV emission compared to that expected from the X-ray gas. This flux deficit is discussed in the context of the cluster's cooling flow. The results derived for A4059 are compared to EUVE results obtained for other clusters such as Coma, Virgo, A1795, and A2199. As part of the study we have carried out a detailed investigation of the stability of the EUVE Deep Survey detector background. Based on long integrations of blank sky over 27 months we disprove claims of substantial time dependent changes in the detector background by R. Lieu and coworkers. We also show, contrary to the claim of R. Lieu and coworkers, that the images obtained with the detector are independent of the pulse height threshold of the detector over a substantial range of threshold settings., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

We present results of a re-analysis of archival EUVE data of the central region of the Virgo cluster. We employ the new analysis method developed by Bowyer, Bergh\"ofer & Korpela (1999) and find diffuse emission reaching out to a distance of $\approx 13\arcmin$. The spatial distribution of this flux is incompatible with a thermal plasma origin. We investigate whether this emission is due to inverse Compton scattering of relativistic electrons against the 3$^{\circ}$ K black-body background. We show that this emission cannot be produced by an extrapolation to lower energies of the observed synchrotron radio emitting electrons and an additional component of low energy relativistic electrons is required. In addition to discussing the diffuse EUV emission, we present an analysis of the EUV emission originating from the jet in M87., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal

We report new EUV data on the cluster of galaxies Abell 1795. These data were taken well away from a detector defect which could have compromised earlier results on this cluster. Our new observations confirm the validity of the original data set. However, we find our results are strongly influenced by the variation of the telescope sensitivity over the field of view and upon the details of the subtraction of the EUV emission from the X-ray plasma. We investigate these effects using our new data and archival data on Abell 1795, Abell 2199 and the Coma cluster. When we use the appropriate correction factors, we find there is no evidence for any excess EUV emission in Abell 1795 or Abell 2199. However, we do find excess EUV emission in the Coma Cluster using our new analysis procedures, confirming that in at least this cluster some as yet unidentified process is operative., Comment: 20 pages, LaTeX (aasms4.sty, 10 eps figures), accepted to ApJ for 1 Dec 1999 volume

We report a new analysis of diffuse EUV emission in clusters of galaxies. We find the cluster emission is strongly influenced by the variation of the telescope sensitivity over the field of view and upon the details of the subtraction of the EUV emission for the X-ray plasma. We investigate these effects on Abell 1795, Abell 2199, and the Coma cluster. When we use the appropriate correction factors, we find there is no evidence for any excess EUV emission in Abell 1795 or Abell 2199, However, we do find extended EUV emission in the Coma cluster and in the Virgo cluster using our new analysis proceedures, confirming that in these clusters some as yet unidentified process is operative., Comment: 7 pages, presented at Ringberg Workshop on Diffuse Thermal and Relativistic Plasma in Galaxy Clusters

Lieu, Mittaz, Bonamente, Durret and Kaastra have provided a document which claims to rebut the finding by Bowyer, Berghoefer and Korpela presented at the Ringburg Workshop (April 1999) that excess EUV emission detected in some clusters of galaxies is an artifact of the background subtraction employed. We provide here a response to their claims., Comment: 4 pages

We have used the Deep Survey telescope of EUVE to investigate shadows in the diffuse EUV/Soft X-Ray background cast by clouds in the interstellar medium. We confirm the existence of a shadow previously reported, and provide evidence for two new shadows. We used IRAS data to identify the clouds producing these shadows and to determine their optical depth to EUV radiation. The EUV-absorbing clouds are optically thick in the EUV, and all EUV emission detected in the direction of these shadows must be produced from material in front of the clouds. We obtained new optical data to determine the distance to these clouds. We use a new differential cloud technique to obtain the pressure of the interstellar medium. These results do not depend on any zero level calibration of the data. Our results provide evidence that the pressure of the hot interstellar gas is the same in three different directions in the local interstellar medium, and is at least 8 times higher than derived for the local cloud surrounding our Sun. This provides new evidence for large thermal pressure imbalances in the local ISM, and directly contradicts the basic assumption of thermal pressure equilibrium used in almost all present models of the interstellar medium., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures

We have examined the hypothesis that the majority of the diffuse EUV flux in the Coma cluster is due to inverse Compton scattering of low energy cosmic ray electrons (0.16 < epsilon < 0.31 GeV) against the 3K black-body background. We present data on the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the EUV flux and show that these data provide strong support for a non-thermal origin for the EUV flux. However, we show that this emission cannot be produced by an extrapolation to lower energies of the observed synchrotron radio emitting electrons and an additional component of low energy cosmic ray electrons is required., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures

We present ROSAT observations of the starburst galaxy NGC 2782 (HRI plus a weak PSPC frame) and the ultraluminous infrared galaxy NGC 6240 (PSPC). The (0.1-2.4) keV spectra of both objects appear similar. However, due to better sampling spectral modeling is only warranted in case of NGC 6240 for which both a single thermal Raymond-Smith model (kT = 0.44) or a hybrid model consisting of 80% power-law with the canonical photon index -1.9 plus 20% Raymond-Smith contribution (kT = 0.63) lead to good fits. However, the single thermal model turns out to be unlikely because it yields a luminosity of 3.8 10^{43} erg/s, which is hard to reach in a starburst superwind-scenario. The hybrid model leads to a more moderate luminosity of 5.2 10^{42} erg/s, of which 1.0 10^{42} erg/s can be attributed to shocked superwind gas. We link the remaining 4.2 10^{42} erg/s powerlaw to an AGN component because the alternative of inverse-compton scattering of the FIR radiation leads to a too low flux when estimated with available data. The result appears to be consistent with preliminarily announced ASCA observations. For NGC 2782 we find L_x = 4 10^{41} erg/s which can be explained by emission from a shocked superwind region with a high preshock density in agreement with earlier optical evidence for an outflowing supershell., Comment: 10 pages incl. 6 figures, to appear in A&A