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När den globala uppmärksamheten på att bekämpa klimatförändringar ökar, ställs olika organisationer och företag inför ett allt större krav att göra hållbara val. Dataanalys för miljöändamål blir därför avgörande - att kunna analysera historiska data för olika faktorer som påverkar miljön, och förstå vilka konsekvenser förändringar av dessa faktorer kan medföra, blir mycket viktigt för att kunna fatta hållbara beslut. Målet med det här projektet var att utveckla en prognosmodell för energianvändning, genom att utnyttja maskininlärningstekniker, med ett primärt fokus på att skapa ett visualiseringsverktyg för kommuner. Metoder som användes var till exempel datainsamling, genomförande av multipla dataanalyser, träning av maskininlärningsmodeller, och visualisering av resultaten. Slutprodukten visualiserar energianvändning fram till år 2045. Ett signifikant antal modeller (2610 stycken) tränades för att hantera skillnaderna mellan olika kommuner och sektorer. Produkten låter användare välja specifika kommuner och sektorer för att kunna se skräddarsydda prognoser. Trots vissa limitationer på grund av luckor i datan och behovet för vidareutveckling, demonstrerar slutprodukten potentialen i användandet av maskininlärning för att förutspå trender inom energianvändning, och ger en grund för framtida förbättringar för att öka precisionen och användarupplevelsen., As global attention intensifies on combating climate change, different kinds of organizations and companies are under increasing pressure to make sustainable choices. Data analysis for environmental purposes becomes crucial - being able to look at the history of different factors that may have an effect on the environment, and being aware of what consequences changing the different factors can result in, can be very important when making sustainable decisions. The objective for this project was to develop a forecasting model for energy usage utilizing machine learning techniques, with a primary focus on creating a visualization tool for municipalities. The methodology involved collecting data, conducting multiple data analyses, training machine learning models, and visualizing the results. The final product visualizes energy usage up to the year 2045. A significant number of models (2610) were trained to address the differences of distinct municipalities and sectors. The product allows users to select specific municipalities and sectors to view tailored forecasts. Despite some limitations due to data gaps and the need for further refinement, the product demonstrates the potential of machine learning in predicting energy usage trends and provides a foundation for future enhancements to improve accuracy and user interaction.

Background: In the last decade, a growing body of research has focused on the many aspects and challenges of combining parenthood with elite sport. Although the number of father-athletes is significantly higher than the number of mother-athletes, few studies to date have focused on male athletes’ experiences in a parenting context. Aim: The aims of the present study were to explore how father-athlete challenges manifest among elite Nordic skiers in Norway, and to better understand how male athletes balance their priorities as they initiate, maintain, and/or discontinue their athletic career as a father-athlete. Methods: Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 world-class male Nordic skiers in Norway (3 athletes without a child, 4 current father-athletes and 3 former father-athletes) and the content was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four main stages were identified in the father-athlete transition: (a) Expecting incompatibility (b) Taking the step, (c), The first blow, and (d) Finding the optimal balance. Through these stages the informants expected/had experienced challenges such as performance decline, disturbed sleeping patterns, fear of sickness and role conflicts. To manage these challenges, the father-athletes had developed various strategies to balance their dual roles (e.g., adapting training and competition seasons). Among the benefits, the father-athletes mentioned that they had become more structured, time efficient and ruthless with their priorities, enhanced motivation to train and a better work-life balance. Conclusion: This study offers valuable insights into father-athlete challenges that can be used to support career longevity and work-life balance among male athletes.

Bakgrund: Perifera venkatetrar utgör en av de vanligast förekommande medicintekniska produkterna inom vården. För att minimera komplikationer som flebit, ocklusion, infiltration och bakteriemi finns det ur ett patientsäkerhetsperspektiv två olika riktlinjer för när perifera venkatetrar ska bytas. Byten sker antingen på regelbundet med 72–96 timmars mellanrum, vilket är nu rådande riktlinjer i Sverige, eller så ska byten endast ske då tecken på begynnande komplikation uppstår, alltså på klinisk indikation. Syfte: Syftet är att kartlägga om komplikationer vid användning av perifera venkatetrar ökar vid övergång till byte på klinisk indikation. Metod: Litteraturöversikten är genomförd med en kvantitativ metod för att skapa en översiktsbild av dagens kunskapsläge på området. Resultat: Ingen signifikant ökning av flebit och ocklusion framkom i åtta av nio studier. Infiltration ökade signifikant i tre av sju studier. Endast en studie, vilket även var den med marginal största, visade en signifikant ökning av bakteriemi, dock med fortsatt låg förekomst. Slutsats: Övergång till byte av perifera venkatetrar på klinisk indikation kan vara motiverat med tanke på den låga ökningen av komplikationer., Background: Peripheral venous catheters are among the most common medical devices used in medical care. To minimize complications such as phlebitis, occlusion, infiltration and bacteremia there are two different policies as to when peripheral venous catheters should be replaced. Replacements either occur at regular intervals every 72-96 hours, as is currently the case in Sweden, or when signs of developing complications first occur, that is by clinical indication. Aim: The aim is to survey whether complications increase after transitioning to replacing peripheral venous catheters based on clinical implication. Method: A quantitative literature review was performed to survey the current knowledge of the subject. Result: No significant increase of phlebitis or occlusion was seen in eight out of nine studies. A significant increase of infiltration was seen in three out of seven studies. One study, which was also the largest one, saw a significant increase of bacteremia, even though the overall prevalence remained low. Conclusion: A transition to a policy of replacing peripheral venous catheters only when clinically indicated might be justified by the slight increase in complications.

Challenges facing mother-athletes (MAs) have aroused research and media attention in recent years, with an increasing number of sportswomen attempting to successfully combine pregnancy and motherhood with an elite athletic career. The aims of this study were to explore how MA-specific challenges manifest in elite cross-country skiing in Scandinavia and to better understand how female athletes balance their priorities as they initiate, maintain, and/or discontinue their role as a MA. Qualitative data were collected through semistructured interviews with 13 female cross-country skiers from Norway and Sweden. Thematic analyses revealed four MA-specific challenges facing the athletes: (a) Biological clock versus peak performance, (b) Maintaining fitness versus training safely, (c) Receiving support versus facing deselection, and (d) Balancing competing MA demands. Many of the athletes felt pressured into prioritizing either motherhood or athletic excellence, particularly in their early to mid-30s when the window of opportunity for building a family was considered limited. Further, maintaining fitness and training safely during pregnancy were perceived as a challenge, as was balancing the MA role after childbirth. In many cases, athletes felt uncertain about whether they would receive support from their team or federation. Moreover, there were expectations of incompatibility surrounding the MA role. More research and educational efforts to promote MA-specific knowledge, as well as developing structured processes and providing policies to support female athletes, are identified as vital future steps. These measures may prolong athletic careers and enhance well-being for elite female athletes.

Bakgrund: Klinisk försämring av patienter kan ske när som helst under vårdtiden på sjukhus. Obemärkt kan det leda till att patienter hamnar i ett kritiskt eller livshotande tillstånd. Tidig upptäckt av försämring innebär bättre utgång för patienter. Detta leder vidare till bättre patienthälsa, färre vårdskador, kortare sjukhusinläggningar och andra effekter på samhället i stort. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att sammanställa kunskap om faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors tidiga upptäckt av akut försämring hos patienter på vårdavdelning. Metod: Studiens design var i form av en integrerad litteraturöversikt. Litteraturöversikten utgick från 11 artiklar där 3 hade kvalitativ metod, 7 kvantitativ metod och en mixad metod. Vetenskaplig litteratur hittades via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Dataanalysen skedde stegvis genom datareduktion, datadisplay och datajämförelse. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fem stycken områden som innefattade flera faktorer vilka påverkade sjuksköterskors tidiga upptäckt av försämrat tillstånd hos patienter. De områden som framkom i studien var; kliniska fynd, klinisk kompetens, samarbete inom vårdteamet, kontinuitet i omvårdnaden och sjukhusets organisation. Slutsats: Det fanns flera olika områden och faktorer som påverkade tidig upptäckt av akut försämring hos patienter på vårdavdelning. Områdena sträckte sig från allt mellan sjuksköterskans kliniska utförande av arbete till större organisatoriska faktorer. Bemanningen inom vården var en ständigt återkommande faktor i studier. Därför krävs mer kunskap bland annat för att få fler att vilja utbilda sig till sjuksköterskor och stanna kvar inom yrket.

The impact that technology has on modern international business is comprehensive, it has, and is transforming the way that business and interaction are conducted across borders. Through development of new technologies arises opportunities to be exploited in the search for beneficial advantages. To meet the development and evolution of today’s society’s demanding social and digital needs, advancements and measures are being made in key areas such as methods of payment, supply chain management and data transformation. Blockchain is currently one of the hottest topics when it comes to developing new ecosystems within the financial global environment. The technology of blockchain has disrupted traditional models and solutions both across the public and private sector and across different industries. Blockchain is basically a digital networking system of computers that monitors, distributes, and duplicates information regarding for example, transactions, that then is stored in a digital ledger within the blockchain. The usage of different types of blockchain setups is having an exponential growth across the international business landscape, the potential benefits of receiving and distributing information as well as transactions in a faster, transparent, and more secure way is intriguing. Despite its relevance to international business theory, there has been limited academic contribution on the impact of blockchain technology. By relating blockchain technology to theoretical models and providing a new context for the phenomenon this thesis contributes to the existing research. The study revolves around the following research questions: “What impact has blockchain on businesses ability to reach and gain access to international markets?” as well as “What are the main challenges that companies face when using blockchain technology to conduct business across borders?” In which the empirical findings from four company representatives concluded that, objectively blockchain ha

The drone industry is growing and the need for increased autonomy will be required if large fleetof drones will be able to fly without a single pilot per drone. A useful part of automating the flighten-route can be achieved with the upcoming standard of Direct Remote Id (DRI), which signalspositional data for drones and can be used as the perceptive part in a collision avoidance systembetween drones with the advantage of limited weight penalties and minimal financial cost.Simulations were carried out to understand different kinds of evasive maneuvers and develop asimple yet effective algorithm for avoiding obstacles and continue towards the next waypoint ona mission. Positional data can be retrieved with an ESP-32 board from a flight computer withMavlink protocol, which can then be broadcasted and received to an ESP-32 board using DirectRemote Id. The distances between the nearest drones can be computed, along with the shortest al-lowable distance and closest positions of the drones, if they were to continue on a straight course. Ifthe closest passing distance turned out closer than a set safety distance, an evasive maneuver is cal-culated and executed, with preliminary work focusing on evasion maneuvers on an horizontal plane.Flight tests showed that an evasive position could be calculated, and the drone successfully di-verted to it, while continuing with the mission after the evasion was completed. These resultsshowed the potential of using Direct Remote Id as a simple close proximity detection for use withcollision avoidance, Drönarindustrin växer allt snabbare och det kommer att krävas en större grad av autonomitet för att kunna få drönare att flyga av sig själva utan att ha en pilot per drönare. En användbar del av att kunna autonomisera flygrutten vid flykt kan vara den nya standarden Direct Remote Id (DRI), som sänder ut positionsdata för den individuella drönaren och kan användas för att kunna upptäcka och bli upptäckt av andra drönare med minimal vikt- och priskostnad.Simuleringar gjordes för att undersöka samt förstå olika typer av undanmanövrar och för att utveckla en simpel och effektiv algoritm för att kunna undvika objekt och fortsätta med en planerad rutt. Positionsdata kan skickas till ett ESP-32 kretskort fån en flygdator med hjälp av Mavlink protokoll, denna data kan sedan sändas och bli mottaget av ett annat ESP-32 kretskort med Direct Remote Id standarden. Avståndet till den närmsta drönaren kan beräknas samt den minsta passagedistansen mellan drönarna om de skulle fortsätta i rak riktning. Om den minsta passagedistansen mellan drönarna är mindre än ett satt säkerhetsavstånd, beräknas en undanmanöver samt utförs. Flygtester visade att en undanmanöver kunde beräknas samt att drönaren omdirigerades till sidan om objektet och därefter fortsatte på sin planerade flygrutt. Dessa resultat visade potentialen i att använda Direct Remote Id som ett enkelt sätt att upptäcka andra drönare för att användas i ett kollisionsundvikande system.

The mother-athlete (MA) dilemma is a social phenomenon that has emerged due to challenges associated with pregnancy and motherhood during a woman’s athletic career. The aims of this study were to explore how MA dilemmas manifest in elite cross-country skiing in Scandinavia and to better understand how female athletes balance their priorities as they initiate, maintain and/or discontinue their role as a MA. Qualitative data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 Swedish and Norwegian female cross-country skiers. Thematic analyses revealed four MA-specific dilemmas facing the athletes: 1. Biological clock vs. peak performance 2. Maintaining fitness vs. training safely 3. Receiving support vs. facing deselection 4. Balancing competing MA demands. Many of the athletes felt pressured into prioritising either athletic excellence or motherhood, particularly in their early to mid-thirties when the window of opportunity for building a family was considered limited. Further, maintaining fitness and training safely during pregnancy (without risking the unborn baby’s health) was perceived as a challenge, as was balancing the MA role after childbirth (i.e., achieving a successful athletic career and being a good mother). In many cases athletes felt uncertain about the support they may or may not receive from their team or federation and there were expectations of incompatibility surrounding the MA role. More research and educational efforts to promote MA-specific knowledge, as well as developing structured processes and providing policies to support female athletes, are identified as vital steps. These interventions may prolong athletic careers and enhance wellbeing for elite female athletes.

Competitive female athletes perceive their hormonal cycles to affect their training, com-petition performance and overall well-being. Despite this, athletes rarely discuss hormonal-cycle-related issues with others. The aim of this study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the perceptions and experiences of endurance athletes and their coaches in relation to barriers to athlete– coach communication about female hormonal cycles. Thirteen Swedish national-/international-level female cross-country skiers (age 25.8 ± 3.6 y) and eight of their coaches (two women and six men; age 47.8 ± 7.5 y) completed an online survey relating to their educational background, prior knowledge about female hormonal cycles and a coach–athlete relationship questionnaire (CART-Q). They then participated in an online education session about female hormonal cycles and athletic performance before participating in semi-structured focus-group interviews. Thematic analyses revealed three main barriers to communication: knowledge, interpersonal, and structural. In addition, the results suggested that a good coach–athlete relationship may facilitate open communication about female hormonal cycles, while low levels of knowledge may hinder communication. To over-come the perceived barriers to communication, a model is proposed to improve knowledge, de-velop interpersonal relationships and strengthen structural systems through educational exchanges and forums for open discussion.

Abstract: Background: The aim of this present study is to explore what makes orienteering meaningful and rewarding to former elite athletes’ years or even decades after ending their elite careers. Methods: Applying a qualitative approach with a case study design, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 11 former elite orienteers from Norway and Sweden, and the data was subsequently analyzed with thematic analysis, resulting in two main themes: individually matched challenges and a social community. Results: The character, structure, and culture of orienteering both enabled and encouraged former elite athletes to make the transition into recreational sport. Even so, the characteristics of the sport related to both its structure (range of ages, level, and ambition) and organization (well-organized) as well as the participants’ backgrounds (well-educated) and intrinsic motivation (satisfaction, enjoyment, mastery) seemed to match a lifelong sport participation. Conclusions: These factors could indicate that orienteering is a sport that can facilitate a lifelong sport participation for athletes with such a background.

Med målet att göra flygsektorn grönare ur utsläppsperspektiv gjordes i denna rapport en konceptuell design av ett flygplan drivet på elektricitet. Flygplanets avsedda uppdrag samt krav utifrån detta valdes fritt. Resultatet blev ett kortdistansplan, 500 km räckvidd, med plats för åtta passagerare framförallt riktat mot företag. Det kravställdes även att planet skulle flyga på 4500 meters höjd med en hastighet på 280 km/h och behöva en kort start- och landningsbana. Planet skulle också kunna klättra med en hastighet på 6,67 m/s och överstegringsfarten bestämdes till 150 km/h. Utifrån kraven och antaganden gällande diverse andra variabler kunde sedan flygplanets bränslevikt och totalvikt bestämmas till 2654 kg respektive 8294 kg. Räckvidden på ett motsvarande plan drivet med fossila bränslen beräknades då till ungefär 2070 km. Ett begränsningsdiagram kunde sedan konstrueras baserat på fem utvalda krav. Ur detta diagram kunde det avläsas vad motorernas dragkraft delat med planets vikt samt vad kraften per kvadratmeter på vingarna minst behövde vara. En punkt något högre än minsta möjliga användes sedan för att ta fram att motorerna måste kunna producera 1900 hästkrafter vid start. Med den bestämda vingbelastningen kunde nödvändig vingarea beräknas till 44 m^2 med ett vingspann på 23,8 m, då ett sidoförhållande tidigare hade valts. Flygplanskroppens längd kunde även beräknas till 16,2 m och dess effektiva diameter på 2,03 m. Slutligen kunde en initial layout tas fram där ett förhållande mellan vingar och horisontella stabilisatorn beräknades samt en eftersökt placering av planets masscentrum. Det resulterande planet har ett längre vingspann, är tyngre och kan färdas kortare än liknande motsvarigheter som inte drivs på elektricitet. I constraint diagrammet kan det ses att det går att åka snabbare i marschfart än utsatt hastighet på 280 km/h, men de satta kraven kunde uppnås vilket var huvudmålet., This report of a conceptual design of an electric driven aircraft was driven with the goal of making the flying sector more environmentally viable. The designated mission was chosen freely for the airplane. The result became a short distance plane with a range of 500 km, seating for eight passengers, primarily aimed towards companies. It was decided that the plane would have its cruising altitude at 4500 m, with a cruising speed of 280 km/h and have a short takeoff and landing distance. The airplane would be able to climb with a vertical speed of 6.67 m/s and have a stall speed of 150 km/h. From the specifications and the assumptions regarding different variables, the fuel weight and total weight was decided to be 2654 kg and 8294 kg respectively. The range of a corresponding aircraft driven with fossil fuels were calculated to be 2070 km. A constraint diagram was then constructed based on five chosen requirements. From this diagram the least power to weight and the highest possible wingloading was determined. A point slightly higher than the least required power to weight was chosen, leading to the engines needing to produce 1900 hp at takeoff. The wing area could be calculated from the decided wingloading and it ended up at 44 m^2 with a wingspan of 23.8 m because of a previously chosen aspect ratio. The length of the fuselage was calculated to be 16.2 m and its effective diameter 2.03 m. Finally an initial layout could be developed where a relationship between the wing and horizontal stabilizer was calculated and the center of gravity for the airplane was placed. The final airplane has a longer wingspan, is heavier and has a shorter range than what similar aircraft that are not driven with electricity have. It can be seen that the cruise speed can be increased above the 280 km/h in the constraint diagram, but the specified requirements were met, which was the main priority.

The competition in sports equipment and sports fashion today is fierce. And as e-commerce grows, the competing players has to remain accessible and usable regard-less of the device their customers visit the website on. Stadium is Swedens biggest player on the market and puts a lot of effort on their online activity. Something Stadium found interesting was the possibility of introducing elements that would increase the conversion rates directly into the product menu. This study explores the possibility to find a responsive solution for the product menu at Stadiums’ e-commerce website which could contribute to increased conversion rates. The study is built upon an experiment and the foundations of the experiment is based upon a market analysis of used design patterns for product navigation in the domain of sport resellers. Added to that, theories of usability and sales aspects, Stadiums own point of view, and known design patterns, have all contributed to the birth of a responsive product navigation concept. What started as sketches first evolved into three high fidelity design solutions (one for desktop devices, one for tablet devices, and one for smartphone devices) and then into working prototypes. The prototypes were tested by multiple users, following a set of tasks. The results was then compared with the same tasks conducted at Stadiums current website. The theories we have found clearly indicate that a good user experience greatly affects the potential for higher conversion rates and also increase the possibility of a higher customer loyalty towards the brand. Stadiums’ philosophy is focused on the product range and to show the products as the hero of the brand. The user testing conducted showed that the design solutions made by us didn’t meet the standard of the current Stadium product navigation. The statistics from the tests is spraw-ling and the lack of completness within the prototype shined through. Despite the sprawling results, the study concludes in a