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Gastric cancer is associated with high mortality and is preceded by an infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). H. pylori stimulates inflammation which involves the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 by lipopolysaccharide molecules from the H. pylori. This leads to chronic inflammation that can eventually lead to gastric cancer. Sox2 is a member of the high mobility group (HMG) box family of proteins, and recent studies have shown that HMG box proteins can modulate immune response by altering signaling to Toll-like receptors. Sox2 is overexpressed in most types of cancer with the exception of gastric cancer where expression of Sox2 is decreased. Here, we demonstrate that Sox2 can bind LPS and we investigated the thermodynamic drivers of the Sox2/LPS interaction., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The records of 96 patients with sickle cell disease were studied in relation to various immunological parameters. Age, sex, levels of total and fractionated serum protein and immunoglobulins, serum complements, antierythrocytic antibodies, circulating immune complexes, antiviral antibodies and lymphoid populations were taken into account. No major alterations in humoral immunity were found in this group of panamanian sickle cell patient.