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Two persons within the same family were discovered to be trisomic for the segment 7qter. However, several features differed from those described in other patients with this syndrome, for example, normal birth weight and neck size, cleft palate, and beaked nose. In addition to the phenotypic variation, there were three independently segregating autosomal translocations in the pedigree: t(1;7)(q43;q32), t(1;6) (p22.3;q14.1), and t(3;10)(q26.1;p11.21). This is a finding that, to our knowledge, has not been previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Interstitial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 2, involving band 2q24, have been described on three occasions. We report our findings in a further case, in which we mapped the deletion to band 2q24.3. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Classic aniridia is a highly penetrant autosomal dominant disorder characterised by congenital absence of the iris, foveal hypoplasia, optic disc anomalies and progressive opacification of the cornea. >90% of cases of classic aniridia are caused by heterozygous, loss-of-function variants affecting the PAX6 locus., Methods: Short-read whole genome sequencing was performed on 51 (39 affected) individuals from 37 different families who had screened negative for mutations in the PAX6 coding region., Results: Likely causative mutations were identified in 22 out of 37 (59%) families. In 19 out of 22 families, the causative genomic changes have an interpretable deleterious impact on the PAX6 locus. Of these 19 families, 1 has a novel heterozygous PAX6 frameshift variant missed on previous screens, 4 have single nucleotide variants (SNVs) (one novel) affecting essential splice sites of PAX6 5' non-coding exons and 2 have deep intronic SNV (one novel) resulting in gain of a donor splice site. In 12 out of 19, the causative variants are large-scale structural variants; 5 have partial or whole gene deletions of PAX6 , 3 have deletions encompassing critical PAX6 cis -regulatory elements, 2 have balanced inversions with disruptive breakpoints within the PAX6 locus and 2 have complex rearrangements disrupting PAX6 . The remaining 3 of 22 families have deletions encompassing FOXC1 (a known cause of atypical aniridia). Seven of the causative variants occurred de novo and one cosegregated with familial aniridia. We were unable to establish inheritance status in the remaining probands. No plausibly causative SNVs were identified in PAX6 cis -regulatory elements., Conclusion: Whole genome sequencing proves to be an effective diagnostic test in most individuals with previously unexplained aniridia., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)

Congenital heart disease occurred in 62% of the reported cases of supernumerary der(22) syndrome. These were most commonly acyanotic lesions such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect or patent ductus arteriosus. Heart disease did not, however, appear to be a major determinant of survival.