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The purpose of this study was to evaluate and establish the mean values of IOP in healthy adult sheep using an applanation tonometer. Information on age, sex, and breed was obtained for all animals included in this study. Twenty five healthy sheep (Ovis aries), of the same breed (Texel), male or female, with three years of age, received an ophthalmic examination in both eyes, including pupillary reflexes, Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and fluorescein staining. For all ophthalmic testing, animals were gently physically restrained, with no pressure in the jugular area and the eyelids were carefully open. IOP was measured by applanation tonometry (Tonopen XL). The same examiner performed the tonometry; measurements were taken three times for each eye, and their average was recorded as the IOP of the animal. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test and values of P < 0.05 were considered significant. The mean intraocular pressure in the whole group of 50 eyes was of 16.36 +/- 2.19 mm Hg. The mean (SD) IOP in the right eye was of 15.96 +/- 2.02 mm Hg, while the mean (SD) IOP in the left eye was of 16.76 +/- 2.32 mm Hg. Significant differences in IOP were not found between right and left eyes. The applanation tonometer was adequate for measuring the intraocular pressure in sheep. Reference data will assist in diagnosing testing for ophthalmic disease in sheep, as¹ well as promote further studies in this area.

O tumor venereo transmissivel (TVT) e uma neoplasia contagiosa que ocorre em caes sexualmente maduros, sendo geralmente transmitido pelo coito. A neoplasia normalmente afeta a mucosa genital e e raramente encontrada em outras partes do corpo. Apresentamos um caso de tumor venereo transmissivel na conjuntiva palpebral de um cao macho, sem raca definida, com tres anos de idade e historico de presenca de uma massa na conjuntiva palpebral inferior do olho direito. Nao foram detectadas outras alteracoes oculares. O diagnostico citologico da massa foi TVT. O cao foi tratado com sulfato de vincristina por via intravenosa, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. Embora a apresentacao do caso seja atipica, a resposta a quimioterapia foi excelente, levando a regressao completa da neoplasia, sem recorrencia apos um ano.

The transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a contagious neoplasm that occurs in sexually mature dogs, usually transmitted by coitus. This tumor normally affects the genital mucosa and is rarely found in any other part of the body. A case of transmissible venereal tumor in the palpebral conjunctiva of a 3-year old, crossbreed, male dog with a history of an abnormal mass in the right eye was presented. Ophthalmic examination revealed a mass originated from the lower eyelid conjunctiva of the right eye. No other ocular abnormalities were detected. Cytological examination was carried out and the diagnosis was TVT. The dog was treated with lyophilized vincristine sulphate intravenously, once a week, for four weeks. Despite the atypical clinical presentation, the response to chemotherapy with vincristine was excellent leading to complete regression of the neoplasm and no relapse after a year.O tumor venéreo transmissível (TVT) é uma neoplasia contagiosa que ocorre em cães sexualmente maduros, sendo geralmente transmitido pelo coito. A neoplasia normalmente afeta a mucosa genital e é raramente encontrada em outras partes do corpo. Apresentamos um caso de tumor venéreo transmissível na conjuntiva palpebral de um cão macho, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade e histórico de presença de uma massa na conjuntiva palpebral inferior do olho direito. Não foram detectadas outras alterações oculares. O diagnóstico citológico da massa foi TVT. O cão foi tratado com sulfato de vincristina por via intravenosa, uma vez por semana, durante quatro semanas. Embora a apresentação do caso seja atípica, a resposta à quimioterapia foi excelente, levando a regressão completa da neoplasia, sem recorrência após um ano.

OBJECTIVE To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made on healthy adult rabbits without the effect of tranquilizers using the new applanation tonometer, Tono-Pen Avia(®), and the rebound tonometer Tonovet(®). METHODS Intraocular pressure was measured throughout the day (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 h) in 38 adult New Zealand White rabbits (76 eyes). The animals were 20 males and 18 females, with a mean weight of 3.5 kg and an average age of 6 months. A complete ocular exam (including Schirmer tear test, fluorescein staining, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy) was performed on all animals at the beginning of the trial. Rebound tonometry was performed, and after 10 min, anesthetic drops were instilled and applanation tonometry was carried out. IOP values obtained using the two techniques were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The mean IOP was 9.51 ± 2.62 mmHg with Tonovet(®), and 15.44 ± 2.16 mmHg with the Tono-Pen Avia(®). Significant differences between measurements with the two tonometers were observed (P < 0.001). The linear regression equation describing the relationship between the two tonometers was y = 0.4923x + 10.754 (y = Tonovet(®) and x = Tono-Pen Avia(®)). High IOPs were recorded in the early measurements (6:00), but the average IOPs from both devices were statistically similar throughout the day (P = 0.086). The correlation coefficient was r(2) = 0.357. No significant difference in IOP regarding gender was observed. CONCLUSION The Tono-Pen Avia(®) recorded higher levels of IOP compared with the Tonovet(®). Early in the day, the IOP of rabbits was higher than later in the day, regardless of the tonometer used.

Descrevem-se dois casos de miosite necrosante causada por Clostridium septicum em equinos. Os dois equinos apresentavam aumento de volume no membro pélvico direito e que se estendia para a região abdominal ventral. Ao corte, essa área era formada por edema sanguinolento e bolhas de gás. Os músculos esqueléticos da região caudal da coxa apresentavam áreas vermelho-escuras, crepitantes, com edema sanguinolento e, ao corte, as áreas mais profundas da musculatura tinham aspecto seco. As principais alterações histopatológicas observadas foram tumefação, vacuolização, necrose hialina e necrose flocular de fibras musculares esqueléticas. Entre as fibras, havia hemorragia, edema e grande quantidade de bacilos com tamanho de 3-6μm. Na coloração de Gram, os bacilos se apresentavam roxos (gram-positivos); quando impregnados pela prata (Warthin-Starry), se mostraram enegrecidos. Nos dois casos, C. septicum foi isolado, em ambiente anaeróbio, do líquido de edema das lesões musculares. Two cases of acute necrotizing myositis caused by Clostridium septicum in horses are described. Both horses presented swelling of the right pelvic limb extending to the ventral abdominal region. The cut surface of the affected area revealed blood-stained edema and gas bubbles. The skeletal muscles of the caudal region of the thigh of the affect limbs had dark red discolored areas of blood-stained edema and crepitation; the deep musculature was dry. The main histopathological findings were swelling, vacuolation and hyaline and floccular necrosis of skeletal myofibers; in between myofibers there were hemorrhage, edema and large amounts of bacilli. In both cases, C. septicum was isolated from the edema fluid of muscular lesions.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to measure cell density, average area, and morphology of corneal endothelium of chinchillas in different age groups. Materials and methods The corneal endothelium was studied with a contact specular microscope. Thirty chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) were evaluated, and 30 male chinchillas were divided into three groups of 10 chinchillas each, by age: Group 1 (2–4-month-old), Group 2 (48-month-old), and Group 3 (10 years of age). Data are presented as endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell area, and pleomorphism. Results Endothelial cell density decreases and an increase in endothelial cell area and pleomorphism were observed with age, in the corneas of normal chinchillas. For Group 1 chinchillas, the mean cell density was 3.423 cells per mm2. The mean ECD for Group 2 chinchillas was 2.650 cells per mm2. The mean ECD for Group 3 chinchillas was 2.124 cells per mm2. The average area for Group 1 chinchillas was 350.5 μm2. The average area for Group 2 chinchillas was 442.15 μm2. The average area for Group 3 chinchillas was 583.64 μm2. The pleomorphism for Group 1 was 70.05%. The pleomorphism for Group 2 was 65.18%, and the pleomorphism for Group 3 was 62.28%. Conclusions The results suggested that chinchilla corneal endothelium undergoes age-related changes. Moreover, with advancing age, the mean cell area increased and cell density decreased.

To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements made on healthy adult rabbits without the effect of tranquilizers using the new applanation tonometer, Tono-Pen Avia(®), and the rebound tonometer Tonovet(®).Intraocular pressure was measured throughout the day (6:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, and 18:00 h) in 38 adult New Zealand White rabbits (76 eyes). The animals were 20 males and 18 females, with a mean weight of 3.5 kg and an average age of 6 months. A complete ocular exam (including Schirmer tear test, fluorescein staining, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and direct ophthalmoscopy) was performed on all animals at the beginning of the trial. Rebound tonometry was performed, and after 10 min, anesthetic drops were instilled and applanation tonometry was carried out. IOP values obtained using the two techniques were analyzed statistically.The mean IOP was 9.51 ± 2.62 mmHg with Tonovet(®), and 15.44 ± 2.16 mmHg with the Tono-Pen Avia(®). Significant differences between measurements with the two tonometers were observed (P0.001). The linear regression equation describing the relationship between the two tonometers was y = 0.4923x + 10.754 (y = Tonovet(®) and x = Tono-Pen Avia(®)). High IOPs were recorded in the early measurements (6:00), but the average IOPs from both devices were statistically similar throughout the day (P = 0.086). The correlation coefficient was r(2) = 0.357. No significant difference in IOP regarding gender was observed.The Tono-Pen Avia(®) recorded higher levels of IOP compared with the Tonovet(®). Early in the day, the IOP of rabbits was higher than later in the day, regardless of the tonometer used.

Ceratite eosinofílica, ou ceratoconjuntivite proliferativa, é uma ceratopatia crônica que acomete gatos e cavalos. É provavelmente causada por uma resposta imunológica mediada por um estimulo antigênico desconhecido. Um felino com cinco anos de idade, fêmea, castrado, sem raça definida, foi encaminhado ao Setor de Oftalmologia do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Apresentava um histórico de desconforto ocular e ceratite ulcerativa com placas esbranquiçadas acometendo diversas porções da córnea e da conjuntiva bulbar do olho esquerdo. Não houve resposta ao tratamento prévio. O olho direito não apresentava alterações. O diagnóstico de ceratite eosinofílica foi realizado com base nos sinais clínicos e no exame citológico do raspado de córnea. A presença de eosinófilos, grânulos eosinofílicos e mastócitos no raspado de córnea é considerado critério diagnóstico para ceratite eosinofílica. Após a reepitelização da córnea, corticosteróides foram aplicados topicamente. Trinta dias após o tratamento com corticosteróides, as placas haviam desaparecido. Com base nas informações disponíveis na literatura, esse é o primeiro caso de ceratoconjuntivite eosinofílica em gato relatado no Brasil. Eosinophilic keratitis, or proliferative keratoconjunctivitis, is a chronic keratopathy that affects cats and horses. It is caused by a suspected immune mediated response to an unknown antigenic stimulus. A 5-year-old, spayed female, Domestic Short-haired cat was referred to the Ophthalmology Section of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. It had a history of ocular discomfort and ulcerative keratitis, with white plaque affecting a variable portion of the cornea and bulbar conjunctiva, in the left eye, that was nonresponsive to treatment for several months. The right eye was normal. A diagnosis of eosinophilic keratitis was made based on clinical signs and cytologic examination of corneal scrapings. The presence of eosinophils, eosinophilic granules, and mast cells on corneal scrapings is considered diagnostic for eosinophilic keratitis. The cat responded to topical corticosteroids and thirty days after treatment the plaques had completely resolved. Based on the literature available, this is the first case of eosinophilic keratitis in a cat reported in Brazil.