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The article describes qualitative and quantitive analysis of tincture for improvement of blood circulation. Flavonoids have been qualitatively determined by methods of thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography and color reaction with magnesium powder and concentrated hydrochloric acid. Ferments were identified with ferric ammonium sulphate solution; glycosides – with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde solution in sulphur acid; saponin – with lead subacetate solution; reductive materials – with silver nitrate ammoniacal solution; albumen – with ninhydrin solution; and caffeic acid – by method of thin-layer chromatography. An optimal spectrophotometrical method for determining the quantity of quercetin was applied. The refractive index, relative density, loss of drying and ethanol concentration were determined according to European Pharmacopoeia Requirements.

The article deals with the production of the tincture of Ginkgo leaves while selecting extractant, the size of particless in a raw material, and the method of extraction. The optimal concentration of the extract was established by experiment and was the following: ethanol of 70 percent (V/V), the particles size 2–3 mm, the production method percolation, and the flow speed of tincture 0.5 ml/min. The tinctura was analyzed at determination of the sum of flavonoids in terms of quercetin, dry residue, the concentration of ethanol, density, refraction index, heavy metals and microbe pollution. The stability of the tincture and its expiry date were fixed.

Darbo tikslas – apžvelgti Lietuvoje augančių antilipideminėmis savybėmis pasižyminčių augalų pritaikymo galimybes mažinti cholesterolio kiekį kraujyje bei pagrįsti raudonųjų dobilų terapinį potencialą. Tyrimo metodai. Bendrasis flavonoidų kiekis raudonųjų dobilų žolėje nustatytas UV spektrofotometrijos metodu. Raudonųjų dobilų veikliųjų medžiagų ADME savybių prognozė atlikta panaudojant ACD/ADME suite 5.0 programą. Statistinė analizė atlikta naudojant „Microsoft Office Excel 2003“ programą. Apskaičiuotas aritmetinis vidurkis ir standartinis nuokrypis. Tyrimo rezultatai. Daugiausia flavonoidų raudonųjų dobilų žaliavoje yra birželio mėn. pradžioje ir viduryje (0,46 ± 0,07 proc.). Liepos mėn. pradžioje flavonoidų kiekis sumažėja 2–3 kartus, o vasaros viduryje padidėja iki 0,33 ± 0,05 proc. Rugpjūčio mėnesį flavonoidų kiekis žaliavoje vėl sumažėja iki 0,29 ± 0,03 proc. Remiantis programos prognozėmis raudonųjų dobilų žolės veikliosios medžiagos pasižymi gana palankiomis ADME savybėmis, kurios leistų šio augalo preparatus vartoti per os. Dauguma veikliųjų junginių, ypač flavonoidų aglikonai ir kumarinai turėtų labai gerai absorbuotis pasyviosios absorbcijos būdu, o didžiausias bioprieinamumas per os (> 70 proc.) prognozuojamas biochaninui A, daidzeinui, formononetinui ir kumestroliui. Beveik visoms veikliosioms medžiagoms, kaip ir statinams, prognozuojamas nedidelis pasiskirstymo tūris: nuo 0,7 l/kg iki 1,6 kg/l. Visiems junginiams prognozuojamos labai mažos tikimybės, kad jie... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] Objectives – to overview the possibility to use plants with antilipidemic properties growing in Lithuania to reduce cholesterol in blood and to substantiate therapeutic potential of the red clover. Methods. Total flavonoid amount in red clover was determined by using UV spectroscopy. ADME properties of red clover active substances were predicted by using ACD/ADME suite 5.0 software. Statistical analysis was carried out using “Microsoft Office Excel 2003” software. Arithmetical average and standard deviation were calculated. Results. The biggest amount of flavonoids in red clover raw material is detected in the beginning and middle of June (0.46 ± 0.07 %). The content of flavonoids decreases two-three times in the beginning of July, and increases to 0.33 ± 0.05 % in the middle of the summer. The flavonoid content of raw material decreases to 0.29 ± 0.03 % again in August. Based on program predictions the active substances present in the herb of red clover have beneficial ADME properties affording the preparations of this herb to use per os. Majority of active substances, especially flavonoid aglycones and coumarins should have very good absorption by passive route of absorption, and the highes oral bioavailability (>70 %) is predicted for biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin and coumestrol. Almost all active compounds, the same as statins, were predited to have low volume of distribution: from 0.7 l/kg to 1.6 l/kg. All compounds were prognosed not to be strong inhibitors of CYP... [to full text]

Didelis dėmesys skiriamas natūralių antioksidantų paieškai ir įvertinimui augalinės kilmės vaistinėse ir maistinėse žaliavose. Mokslinių tyrimų objektais yra didelis skaičius augalų rūšių, ekstraktų, maisto papildų ir vaistinių preparatų. Tiriamųjų darbų našumas ir informatyvumas, be abejonės, priklauso nuo pasirinktų metodų tinkamumo, jautrumo ir efektyvumo. Darbo tikslas yra išvystyti bei įteisinti pokolonėlinę ESC-DPPH metodiką ir ją pritaikyti laisvuosius radikalus surišančių žinomų ir nežinomų junginių, esančių vaistinėje augalinėje žaliavoje, antioksidantinio aktyvumo įvertinimui. ESC išskirstyti junginiai nustatomi UV detektoriumi 275 nm ilgio bangoje; mobili fazė su analitėmis per maišymo trišakį tiekiama į reakcijos kilpą, kur 0,4 ml/min tėkmės greičiu paduodamas DPPH tirpalas. Reakcijos kilpa sujungta su UV/Vis tipo detektoriumi, matuojančiu pratekančio tirpalo absorbciją esant 520 nm bangos ilgiui. Nustatyta, jog Crataegus monogyna lapuose vyraujantis flavonoidas viteksino ramnozidas nepasižymi antioksidantiniu aktyvumu. Reikšmingiausias antioksidantas C. monogyna lapuose ir žieduose yra chlorogeno rūgštis. Didžiausiu antioksidantiniu aktyvumu Origanum vulgare augalinėje žolėje pasižymi rozmarino rūgštis. Achillea millefolium ekstraktuose identifikuotos šios analitės, turinčios radikalus surišantį aktyvumą: chlorogeno rūgštis, luteolin-7-O-gliukozidas, rutinas ir luteolinas. The most important attention is paid to the search of natural antioxidants and their evaluation in medicinal and food raw materials of plant origin. A number of plants, their extacts, food products and medicinal preparations appear to be objects of scientific research. Effectiveness and informative character of research, undoubtedly, depend on relevance, sensitivity and efficiency of the methods chosen. Aim of this work is development and validation of post column HPLC-DPPH method as well as its application in antioxidant activity evaluation of known and unknown compounds fixing free radicals and existing in medicinal plant raw materials. HPLC separated compounds are identified at wave length of 275 nm and then the mobile phase with analytes flows by mixing tee to the reaction coil, where DPPH reagent solution is supplied. The solution flow rate – 0,4 ml/min. The reaction coil is connected with UV/Vis type detector, which measures absorption of flowing solution at wave length of 520 nm. It was dermined that vitexin rhamnoside, the dominant compound in the leaves of Crataegus monogyna, is not significant radical sacavenger. The most active antioxidant in leaves and the flowers of C. monogyna is chlorogenic acid. The most active antioxidant in Origanum vulgare raw materials is rosmarinic acid. Identified analytes in the extracts of Achillea millefolium that possessed radical scavenging properties were chlorogenic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, rutin and luteolin.

Plants have many useful substances – and one of them is flavonoids with other phenolic compounds. This is a very big group of biological active compounds. Flavonoids have been referred to as "nature's biological response modifiers" because of their ability to modify the body's reaction to other compounds such as allergens, viruses, and carcinogens. They show anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. In addition, flavonoids act as powerful antioxidants, providing remarkable protection against oxidative and free radical damage. As a result, consumers and food manufacturers have become increasingly interested in flavonoids for their healthful properties, especially their potential beneficial role in the prevention of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Phenolic acids are interesting of their protective role against oxidative damage diseases (coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancers). One of possible sources of flavonoids and phenolic acids – Canadian thick-trefoil (showy trefoil) – Desmodium canadense (L) DC. This plant is not researched as good as many other plants, but there are some works on it. In Lithuania, KUM, there were some research works on Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. There was performed analysis of grass, collected in different phase of vegetation. Also was researched influence of mineral fertilising to amounts of flavonoids and phenolic acids.

EVALUATION OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS OF GENUS HAWTHORN (CRATAEGUS L.) GROWING IN LITHUANIA INTRODUCTION For the last fifteen years, the attention of doctors and their patients on drugs and food supplements of herbal origin has been continuously increasing. The growing interest in raw plant materials is expanding the possibilities of use of these materials in the industries of medicine, cosmetics and food as well as encouraging assessment and description of natural resources using new modern methods. Scientific research on natural herbal resources has bee receiving special attention in the European Union. In recent years, a number of important documents have been published in the European Union, which declare the aims of ensuring the use and quality of natural herbal resources, such as Good Agricultural Practice document, Points to consider on Good agricultural and collection practice for starting materials of herbal origin, a long term vision of the future of herbal biotechnology in Europe Plants for the Future. Cardiovascular system diseases constitute one of the most urgent health problems. The range of effective herbal preparations for the target phytotherapy of cardiovascular system diseases is not wide. Hawthorn preparations are a promising drug for the treatment of cardiovascular system diseases, whose pharmacological effects have been substantiated by scientific studies. Throughout the territory of Lithuania, three kinds of hawthorn can be found growing... [to full text]