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Background Travellers' risk perception is a key component of travel risk assessment because it influences the adequate implementation of safety precautions. The aims of this study are to validate a tool to analyse travellers' risk perception to identify which factors can influence it and how it changes upon return. Methods The Traveller's Risk Perception (TRiP) questionnaire was developed and administered to outpatients before and after travel in three travel clinics. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to validate the questionnaire and multivariate regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of travellers' characteristics on the risk scores. Results A total of 1020 travellers completed the questionnaire. PCA identified two latent factors: 'generic-disseminated risks' and 'specific-circumstantial risks'. Cronbach's α was acceptable (0.76 and 0.70, respectively). The 'generic-disseminated risks' dimension scored higher than the 'specific-circumstantial risks' (p<0.001). The items with the highest scores were insect bites, gastrointestinal disorders and malaria. The mean scores were significantly lower after the travel for all items but one. Conclusions The TRiP questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for rating travellers' perceptions. Staff in travel clinics should be trained to systematically assess travellers' risk perception in order to tailor the consultation according to specific information needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi dan mendemonstrasikan bagaimana metode lipat (fold) dapat digunakan sebagai strategi desain yang adaptif dan fleksibel untuk kebutuhan perancangan rumah tinggal. Arsitektur adaptif memiliki keterkaitan dengan bentuk ‘kecairan’ arsitektur terhadap kondisi internal dan eksternal terkait manusia dan lingkungannya, serta teknologi yang meliputinya. Baik perencanaan penggunaan ruang maupun struktur yang digunakan, arsitektur adaptif perlu memungkinkan sebuah fleksibilitas serta potensi kemudahan modifikasi. Desain rumah dalam penulisan ini menunjukkan metode perancangan berbasis ide folding sebagai strategi adaptif dan fleksibilitas melalui perkembangan struktur dan layout, serta unit furnitur fleksibel yang dapat dilipat sesuai kebutuhan. Desain rumah yang dapat dilipat, digeser, diperluas, dan dipindahkan menunjukan suatu bentuk lingkungan bertinggal yang dapat bergerak dan bertumbuh bersama dengan penghuninya. Desain rumah berbasis folding dalam penulisan ini memposisikan metode perancangan lipat sebagai sebuah upaya kesatuan proses bertempat tinggal manusia dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. This paper aims to investigate and demonstrate how the idea of folding can be used as an adaptive and flexible design method in residential design. Adaptive architecture demonstrate fluidity of architecture that arrange between the internal and external conditions of the built environments, in relation with humans and their environment, as well as the technology construct such conditions. Current literature on folding in architecture have outlined the application of such method in spatial configuration and structural system to allows flexibility and ease future modification. The folding house model in this paper shows the idea of folding as an adaptive strategy and flexibility through to the development of its spatial layout, structural system, as well as flexible interior units that can be folded as needed. A folding house that can be folded, shifted, expanded and moved shows that the house can move and grow together with its occupants. The house design explored in this study then positions the method of folding as an effort to unite the occupants with its surrounding living environment.

A new method to obtain nanostructured coatings or powders based on the flame decomposition of microcompartmentalized solutions is described. This method is of great utility in many applications involving nanoparticles in fields of physics, chemistry, biotechnology, and biology.