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2. 20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Author

Greenwald, M., Bader, A., Baek, S., Bakhtiari, M., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bergerson, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Bonoli, P., Brower, D., Brunner, D., Burke, W., Candy, J., Churchill, M., Cziegler, I., Diallo, A., Dominguez, A., Duval, B., Edlund, E., Ennever, P., Ernst, D., Faust, I., Fiore, C., Fredian, T., Garcia, O., Gao, C., Goetz, J., Golfinopoulos, T., Granetz, R., Grulke, O., Hartwig, Z., Horne, S., Howard, N., Hubbard, A., Hughes, J., Hutchinson, I., Irby, J., Izzo, V., Kessel, C., Labombard, B., Lau, C., Li, C., Lin, Y., Lipschultz, B., Loarte, A., Marmar, E., Mazurenko, A., Mccracken, G., Mcdermott, R., Meneghini, O., Mikkelsen, D., Mossessian, D., Mumgaard, R., Myra, J., Nelson-Melby, E., Ochoukov, R., Olynyk, G., Parker, R., Pitcher, S., Podpaly, Y., Porkolab, M., Reinke, M., Rice, J., Rowan, W., Schmidt, A., Scott, S., Shiraiwa, S., Sierchio, J., Smick, N., Snipes, J. A., Snyder, P., Sorbom, B., Stillerman, J., Sung, C., Takase, Y., Tang, V., Terry, J., Terry, D., Theiler, C., Tronchin-James, A., Tsujii, N., Vieira, R., Walk, J., Wallace, G., White, A., Whyte, D., Wilson, J., Wolfe, S., Wright, G., Wright, J., Wukitch, S., Zweben, S., Greenwald, M., Bader, A., Baek, S., Bakhtiari, M., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bergerson, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Bonoli, P., Brower, D., Brunner, D., Burke, W., Candy, J., Churchill, M., Cziegler, I., Diallo, A., Dominguez, A., Duval, B., Edlund, E., Ennever, P., Ernst, D., Faust, I., Fiore, C., Fredian, T., Garcia, O., Gao, C., Goetz, J., Golfinopoulos, T., Granetz, R., Grulke, O., Hartwig, Z., Horne, S., Howard, N., Hubbard, A., Hughes, J., Hutchinson, I., Irby, J., Izzo, V., Kessel, C., Labombard, B., Lau, C., Li, C., Lin, Y., Lipschultz, B., Loarte, A., Marmar, E., Mazurenko, A., Mccracken, G., Mcdermott, R., Meneghini, O., Mikkelsen, D., Mossessian, D., Mumgaard, R., Myra, J., Nelson-Melby, E., Ochoukov, R., Olynyk, G., Parker, R., Pitcher, S., Podpaly, Y., Porkolab, M., Reinke, M., Rice, J., Rowan, W., Schmidt, A., Scott, S., Shiraiwa, S., Sierchio, J., Smick, N., Snipes, J. A., Snyder, P., Sorbom, B., Stillerman, J., Sung, C., Takase, Y., Tang, V., Terry, J., Terry, D., Theiler, C., Tronchin-James, A., Tsujii, N., Vieira, R., Walk, J., Wallace, G., White, A., Whyte, D., Wilson, J., Wolfe, S., Wright, G., Wright, J., Wukitch, S., and Zweben, S.

Abstract

The object of this review is to summarize the achievements of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994) and Marmar, Fusion Sci. Technol. 51, 261 (2007)] and to place that research in the context of the quest for practical fusion energy. C-Mod is a compact, high-field tokamak, whose unique design and operating parameters have produced a wealth of new and important results since it began operation in 1993, contributing data that extends tests of critical physical models into new parameter ranges and into new regimes. Using only high-power radio frequency (RF) waves for heating and current drive with innovative launching structures, C-Mod operates routinely at reactor level power densities and achieves plasma pressures higher than any other toroidal confinement device. C-Mod spearheaded the development of the vertical-target divertor and has always operated with high-Z metal plasma facing components-approaches subsequently adopted for ITER. C-Mod has made ground-breaking discoveries in divertor physics and plasma-material interactions at reactor-like power and particle fluxes and elucidated the critical role of cross-field transport in divertor operation, edge flows and the tokamak density limit. C-Mod developed the I-mode and the Enhanced D alpha H-mode regimes, which have high performance without large edge localized modes and with pedestal transport self-regulated by short-wavelength electromagnetic waves. C-Mod has carried out pioneering studies of intrinsic rotation and demonstrated that self-generated flow shear can be strong enough in some cases to significantly modify transport. C-Mod made the first quantitative link between the pedestal temperature and the H-mode's performance, showing that the observed self-similar temperature profiles were consistent with critical-gradient-length theories and followed up with quantitative tests of nonlinear gyrokinetic models. RF research highlights include direct experimental obs

Published
2015
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3. 20 years of research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

Author

Greenwald, M., primary, Bader, A., additional, Baek, S., additional, Bakhtiari, M., additional, Barnard, H., additional, Beck, W., additional, Bergerson, W., additional, Bespamyatnov, I., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Brower, D., additional, Brunner, D., additional, Burke, W., additional, Candy, J., additional, Churchill, M., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Dominguez, A., additional, Duval, B., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Ennever, P., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Faust, I., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Fredian, T., additional, Garcia, O., additional, Gao, C., additional, Goetz, J., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Hartwig, Z., additional, Horne, S., additional, Howard, N., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Hughes, J., additional, Hutchinson, I., additional, Irby, J., additional, Izzo, V., additional, Kessel, C., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Lau, C., additional, Li, C., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Loarte, A., additional, Marmar, E., additional, Mazurenko, A., additional, McCracken, G., additional, McDermott, R., additional, Meneghini, O., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Mossessian, D., additional, Mumgaard, R., additional, Myra, J., additional, Nelson-Melby, E., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Olynyk, G., additional, Parker, R., additional, Pitcher, S., additional, Podpaly, Y., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Scott, S., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Sierchio, J., additional, Smick, N., additional, Snipes, J. A., additional, Snyder, P., additional, Sorbom, B., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Sung, C., additional, Takase, Y., additional, Tang, V., additional, Terry, J., additional, Terry, D., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Tronchin-James, A., additional, Tsujii, N., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Walk, J., additional, Wallace, G., additional, White, A., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wilson, J., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Wright, G., additional, Wright, J., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, and Zweben, S., additional

Published
2014
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4. Edge energy transport barrier and turbulence in the I-mode regime on Alcator C-Mod

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Whyte, Dennis G., Hubbard, Amanda E., Churchill, Randy Michael, Cziegler, Istvan, Dominguez, A., Golfinopoulos, Theodore, Hughes, Jerry W., Rice, John E., Greenwald, Martin J., Howard, Nathaniel Thomas, Lipschultz, Bruce, Marmar, Earl S., Reinke, Matthew Logan, Terry, James L., Bespamyatnov, I., Rowan, W. L., Alcator C-Mod Group, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Whyte, Dennis G., Hubbard, Amanda E., Churchill, Randy Michael, Cziegler, Istvan, Dominguez, A., Golfinopoulos, Theodore, Hughes, Jerry W., Rice, John E., Greenwald, Martin J., Howard, Nathaniel Thomas, Lipschultz, Bruce, Marmar, Earl S., Reinke, Matthew Logan, Terry, James L., Bespamyatnov, I., Rowan, W. L., and Alcator C-Mod Group

Abstract

United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract No. DE-FG03-96ER54373), United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract No. DEFC02- 99ER54512)

Published
2011

5. Overview of experimental results and code validation activities at Alcator C-Mod

Author

Greenwald, M., primary, Bader, A., additional, Baek, S., additional, Barnard, H., additional, Beck, W., additional, Bergerson, W., additional, Bespamyatnov, I., additional, Bitter, M., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Brookman, M., additional, Brower, D., additional, Brunner, D., additional, Burke, W., additional, Candy, J., additional, Chilenski, M., additional, Chung, M., additional, Churchill, M., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, Davis, E., additional, Dekow, G., additional, Delgado-Aparicio, L., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Ding, W., additional, Dominguez, A., additional, Ellis, R., additional, Ennever, P., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Faust, I., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Fitzgerald, E., additional, Fredian, T., additional, Garcia, O.E., additional, Gao, C., additional, Garrett, M., additional, Golfinopoulos, T., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Groebner, R., additional, Harrison, S., additional, Harvey, R., additional, Hartwig, Z., additional, Hill, K., additional, Hillairet, J., additional, Howard, N., additional, Hubbard, A.E., additional, Hughes, J.W., additional, Hutchinson, I., additional, Irby, J., additional, James, A.N., additional, Kanojia, A., additional, Kasten, C., additional, Kesner, J., additional, Kessel, C., additional, Kube, R., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Lau, C., additional, Lee, J., additional, Liao, K., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Marmar, E., additional, McGibbon, P., additional, Meneghini, O., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Miller, D., additional, Mumgaard, R., additional, Murray, R., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Olynyk, G., additional, Pace, D., additional, Park, S., additional, Parker, R., additional, Podpaly, Y., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Preynas, M., additional, Pusztai, I., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Scott, S., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Sierchio, J., additional, Snyder, P., additional, Sorbom, B., additional, Soukhanovskii, V., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Sugiyama, L., additional, Sung, C., additional, Terry, D., additional, Terry, J., additional, Theiler, C., additional, Tsujii, N., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Walk, J., additional, Wallace, G., additional, White, A., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wilson, J., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Woller, K., additional, Wright, G., additional, Wright, J., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Xu, P., additional, Yang, C., additional, and Zweben, S., additional

Published
2013
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10. Overview of the Alcator C-Mod Research Program

Author

Marmar, E., primary, Bader, A., additional, Bakhtiari, M., additional, Barnard, H., additional, Beck, W., additional, Bespamyatnov, I., additional, Binus, A., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Bose, B., additional, Bitter, M., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, Dekow, G., additional, Dominguez, A., additional, Duval, B., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Ferrara, M., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Fredian, T., additional, Graf, A., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Greenwald, M., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Gwinn, D., additional, Harrison, S., additional, Harvey, R., additional, Hender, T.C., additional, Hosea, J., additional, Hill, K., additional, Howard, N., additional, Howell, D.F., additional, Hubbard, A., additional, Hughes, J.W., additional, Hutchinson, I., additional, Ince-Cushman, A., additional, Irby, J., additional, Izzo, V., additional, Kanojia, A., additional, Kessel, C., additional, Ko, J.S., additional, Koert, P., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Lau, C., additional, Lin, L., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Liptac, J., additional, Ma, Y., additional, Marr, K., additional, May, M., additional, McDermott, R., additional, Meneghini, O., additional, Mikkelsen, D., additional, Ochoukov, R., additional, Parker, R., additional, Phillips, C.K., additional, Phillips, P., additional, Podpaly, Y., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Scott, S., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Sears, J., additional, Shiraiwa, S., additional, Sips, A., additional, Smick, N., additional, Snipes, J., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Takase, Y., additional, Terry, D., additional, Terry, J., additional, Tsujii, N., additional, Valeo, E., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Wallace, G., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wilson, J.R., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Wright, G., additional, Wright, J., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Xu, P., additional, Zhurovich, K., additional, Zaks, J., additional, and Zweben, S., additional

Published
2009
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12. Overview of the Alcator C-MOD research programme

Author

Scott, S., primary, Bader, A., additional, Bakhtiari, M., additional, Basse, N., additional, Beck, W., additional, Biewer, T., additional, Bernabei, S., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Bose, B., additional, Bravenec, R., additional, Bespamyatnov, I., additional, Childs, R., additional, Cziegler, I., additional, Doerner, R., additional, Edlund, E., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Fasoli, A., additional, Ferrara, M., additional, Fiore, C., additional, Fredian, T., additional, Graf, A., additional, Graves, T., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Greenough, N., additional, Greenwald, M., additional, Grimes, M., additional, Grulke, O., additional, Gwinn, D., additional, Harvey, R., additional, Harrison, S., additional, Hender, T. C., additional, Hosea, J., additional, Howell, D. F., additional, Hubbard, A. E., additional, Hughes, J. W., additional, Hutchinson, I., additional, Ince-Cushman, A., additional, Irby, J., additional, Jernigan, T., additional, Johnson, D., additional, Ko, J., additional, Koert, P., additional, LaBombard, B., additional, Kanojia, A., additional, Lin, L., additional, Lin, Y., additional, Lipschultz, B., additional, Liptac, J., additional, Lynn, A., additional, MacGibbon, P., additional, Marmar, E., additional, Marr, K., additional, May, M., additional, Mikkelsen, D. R., additional, McDermott, R., additional, Parisot, A., additional, Parker, R., additional, Phillips, C. K., additional, Phillips, P., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Rice, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Sampsell, M., additional, Schilling, G., additional, Schmidt, A., additional, Smick, N., additional, Smirnov, A., additional, Snipes, J., additional, Stotler, D., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Tang, V., additional, Terry, D., additional, Terry, J., additional, Ulrickson, M., additional, Vieira, R., additional, Wallace, G., additional, Whyte, D., additional, Wilson, J. R., additional, Wright, G., additional, Wright, J., additional, Wolfe, S., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Yuh, H., additional, Zhurovich, K., additional, Zaks, J., additional, and Zweben, S., additional

Published
2007
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15. Minority Ion Measurements During ICRF Experiments in Alcator C-Mod.

Author

Liao, K. T., Rowan, W. L., Bespamyatnov, I. O., Wukitch, S. J., Lin, Y., Bader, A., and Tsujii, N.

Subjects
ION cyclotron resonance spectrometry, PHYSICS experiments, TOKAMAKS, ELECTRIC heating, TRANSPORT theory, FAST ions, SIMULATION methods & models, TEMPERATURE effect, CHARGE exchange
Abstract

ICRF is the primary auxiliary heating in C-Mod where both H or 3He minority and mode conversion regimes are utilized. For transport analysis, the power deposition profile is critical and measuring the resulting fast ion distribution provides a direct means to constrain and validate ICRF simulations used to calculate power deposition. In mode conversion, measurement of the minority ion density, temperature, and velocity profiles is critical for the wave physics and may provide some insight into the fundamental physics of flow drive. Using active charge exchange, the He+1 4686Å or H 6563Å line is observed to find whether fast ion and relevant thermal ion measurements are practical. Results of these experiments yield fast ion and thermal ion measurements in D(He). A new analysis technique to extract information from high noise fast ion spectra is developed. A development path for improved D(3He) and D(H) is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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16. Edge energy transport barrier and turbulence in the I-mode regime on Alcator C-Mod.

Author

Hubbard, A. E., Whyte, D. G., Churchill, R. M., Cziegler, I., Dominguez, A., Golfinopoulos, T., Hughes, J. W., Rice, J. E., Bespamyatnov, I., Greenwald, M. J., Howard, N., Lipschultz, B., Marmar, E. S., Reinke, M. L., Rowan, W. L., and Terry, J. L.

Subjects
PLASMA turbulence, ENERGY transfer, THERMAL analysis, PLASMA dynamics, FLUCTUATIONS (Physics), FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems, INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry), SHEAR (Mechanics)
Abstract

We report extended studies of the I-mode regime [Whyte et al., Nucl. Fusion 50, 105005 (2010)] obtained in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [Marmar et al., Fusion Sci. Technol. 51(3), 3261 (2007)]. This regime, usually accessed with unfavorable ion B × ∇B drift, features an edge thermal transport barrier without a strong particle transport barrier. Steady I-modes have now been obtained with favorable B × ∇B drift, by using specific plasma shapes, as well as with unfavorable drift over a wider range of shapes and plasma parameters. With favorable drift, power thresholds are close to the standard scaling for L-H transitions, while with unfavorable drift they are ∼ 1.5-3 times higher, increasing with Ip. Global energy confinement in both drift configurations is comparable to H-mode scalings, while density profiles and impurity confinement are close to those in L-mode. Transport analysis of the edge region shows a decrease in edge χeff, by typically a factor of 3, between L- and I-mode. The decrease correlates with a drop in mid-frequency fluctuations (f ∼ 50-150 kHz) observed on both density and magnetics diagnostics. Edge fluctuations at higher frequencies often increase above L-mode levels, peaking at f ∼ 250 kHz. This weakly coherent mode is clearest and has narrowest width (Δf/f ∼ 0.45) at low q95 and high Tped, up to 1 keV. The Er well in I-mode is intermediate between L- and H-mode and is dominated by the diamagnetic contribution in the impurity radial force balance, without the Vpol shear typical of H-modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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17. H-mode pedestal and threshold studies over an expanded operating space on Alcator C-Mod.

Author

Hubbard, A. E., Hughes, J. W., Bespamyatnov, I. O., Biewer, T., Cziegler, I., LaBombard, B., Lin, Y., McDermott, R., Rice, J. E., Rowan, W. L., Snipes, J. A., Terry, J. L., Wolfe, S. M., and Wukitch, S.

Subjects
PLASMA confinement, PLASMA gases, TOKAMAKS, COLLISIONAL excitation, HEAT transfer
Abstract

This paper reports on studies of the edge transport barrier and transition threshold of the high confinement (H) mode of operation on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak [I. H. Hutchinson et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1511 (1994)], over a wide range of toroidal field (2.6–7.86 T) and plasma current (0.4–1.7 MA). The H-mode power threshold and edge temperature at the transition increase with field. Barrier widths, pressure limits, and confinement are nearly independent of field at constant current, but the operational space at high B shifts toward higher temperature and lower density and collisionality. Experiments with reversed field and current show that scrape-off-layer flows in the high-field side depend primarily on configuration. In configurations with the B×∇B drift away from the active X-point, these flows lead to more countercurrent core rotation, which apparently contributes to higher H-mode thresholds. In the unfavorable case, edge temperature thresholds are higher, and slow evolution of profiles indicates a reduction in thermal transport prior to the transition in particle confinement. Pedestal temperatures in this case are also higher than in the favorable configuration. Both high-field and reversed-field results suggest that parameters at the L-H transition are influencing the evolution and parameters of the H-mode pedestal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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18. Overview of the Alcator C-Mod Research Program

Author

Marmar, E., Bader, A., Bakhtiari, M., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Binus, A., Bonoli, P., Bose, B., Bitter, M., Cziegler, I., Dekow, G., Dominguez, A., Duval, B., Edlund, E., Ernst, D., Ferrara, M., Fiore, C., Fredian, T., Graf, A., Granetz, R., Greenwald, M., Grulke, O., Gwinn, D., Harrison, S., Harvey, R., Hender, T. C., Hosea, J., Hill, K., Howard, N., Howell, D. F., Hubbard, A., Hughes, J. W., Hutchinson, I., Ince-Cushman, A., Irby, J., Izzo, V., Kanojia, A., Kessel, C., Ko, J. S., Koert, P., Labombard, B., Lau, C., Lin, L., Lin, Y., Lipschultz, B., Liptac, J., Ma, Y., Marr, K., May, M., Mcdermott, R., Meneghini, O., Mikkelsen, D., Ochoukov, R., Parker, R., Phillips, C. K., Phillips, P., Podpaly, Y., Porkolab, M., Reinke, M., Rice, J., Rowan, W., Scott, S., Schmidt, A., Sears, J., Shiraiwa, S., Sips, A., Smick, N., Snipes, J., Stillerman, J., Takase, Y., Terry, D., Terry, J., Tsujii, N., Valeo, E., Vieira, R., Wallace, G., Whyte, D., Wilson, J. R., Wolfe, S., Wright, G., Wright, J., Wukitch, S., Wurden, G., Xu, P., Zhurovich, K., Zaks, J., and Zweben, S.

Subjects
Plasma-Facing Components, Ion-Cyclotron, Asdex Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, Toroidal Rotation, Transition, Jet Disruption Mitigation, Transport, Electrons, Tokamaks, Operation
Abstract

This paper summarizes highlights of research results from the Alcator C-Mod tokamak covering the period 2006-2008. Active flow drive, using mode converted ion cyclotron waves, has been observed for the first time in a tokamak plasma, using a mix of D and He-3 ion species; toroidal and poloidal flows are driven near the location of the mode conversion layer. ICRF induced edge sheaths are implicated in both the erosion of thin boron coatings and the generation of metallic impurities. Lower hybrid range of frequencies (LHRF) microwaves have been used for efficient current drive, current profile modification and toroidal flow drive. In addition, LHRF has been used to modify the H-mode pedestal, increasing temperature, decreasing density and lowering the pedestal collisionality. Studies of hydrogen isotope retention in solid metallic plasma facing components reveal significantly higher retention than expected from ex situ laboratory studies; a model to explain the results, based on plasma/neutral induced lattice damage, has been developed and tested. During gas-puff mitigation of disruptions, induced MHD instabilities cause the magnetic field to become stochastic, resulting in reduction of halo currents, spreading of plasma power loading and loss of runaway electrons before they cause damage. Detailed pedestal rotation profile measurements have been used to infer E-r profiles, and correlation with global H-mode confinement. An improved L-mode regime, obtained at q(95)

19. Overview of experimental results and code validation activities at Alcator C-Mod

Author

Greenwald, M., Bader, A., Baek, S., Barnard, H., Beck, W., Bergerson, W., Bespamyatnov, I., Bitter, M., Bonoli, P., Brookman, M., Brunner, D., Burke, W., Candy, J., Chilenski, M., Chung, M., Churchill, M., and Theiler, C.

Abstract

Recent research on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak has focused on a range of scientific issues with particular emphasis on ITER needs and on detailed comparisons between experimental measurements and predictive models. Research on ICRF (ion cyclotron range of frequencies) heating emphasized the origins and mitigation of metallic impurities while work on lower hybrid current drive experiments have focused on linear and nonlinear wave interactions that limit efficiency at high densities in regimes with low single pass absorption. Experiments in core turbulence and transport focused on quantitative, multi-field comparisons between nonlinear gyro-kinetics simulations and experimental measurements of profiles, fluxes and fluctuations. Experiments into self-generated rotation observed spontaneous flow reversal at a critical density identical to the transition density between linear ohmic confinement and saturated ohmic confinement regimes. H-mode studies have measured pedestal widths consistent with kinetic- ballooning-mode-like instabilities, while the pedestal heights quantitatively match the EPED code predictions. Experiments with I-mode have increased the operating window for this promising edge-localized-mode-free regime.

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