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The influence of hydrogen saturation of steel specimens on the results of their standardized testing for resistance to hydrogen cracking has been carried out. The simulation took into account the hydrogen skin effect observed when metal samples being charged with hydrogen in various electrolyte solutions. The classical decohesion model of hydrogen embrittlement HEDE was used. It was shown that, despite the microscopic skin depth, the effect led to a dual fracture pattern, when the specimen’s cross-sectional view exhibited both a hydrogen brittleness area and a normal destruction one. The comparison of calculated results with experimental ones showed the strong influence of the hydrogen skin layer on the results of standardized metal testing. This skin effect plays a significant role in the destruction propagation over a metal sample and should be taken into account when conducting industrial tests, simulations and experimental studies.

A model is proposed for the description of a highly inhomogeneous distribution of hydrogen within a saturated metal specimen (the so-called skin effect due to hydrogen saturation). The model is based on the micropolar continuum approach and results in a nonuniform stress–strain state of a cylindrical metal specimen due to distributed couples or microrotations. The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the strain energy is considered in order to model stress-induced diffusion. Accumulation of hydrogen within a thin boundary layer results in a highly nonuniform distribution of hydrogen across the specimen. The mutual influence of the stress–strain state and hydrogen accumulation is taken into account. The estimated thickness of the surface layer containing hydrogen is comparable to the thickness observed in experiments. The predicted average concentration coincides with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaction-diffusion equation with a logistic production term and a delayed inhibition term is studied. Global stability of the homogeneous in space equilibrium is proved under some conditions on the delay term. In the case where these conditions are not satisfied, this solution can become unstable resulting in the emergence of spatiotemporal pattern formation studied in numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present analytical and numerical investigations of energy propagation in systems of massive particles that interact via harmonic (linear) forces. The particle motion is described by a scalar displacement, and the particles are arranged in a simple crystal lattice. For the systems under consideration we prove the conservation of the total energy flux analytically. Then, using a sample case of a square lattice, we confirm the analytical results numerically. We create disturbances of a special kind which can move with a predefined velocity with a minor change in their shape. We show that a clot of energy, associated with each disturbance, moves similarly to a free body of matter in classical mechanics. We also numerically study a simultaneous propagation of a number of energy clots as an analogy to the motion of point masses in the conventional mechanics of particles. The obtained results demonstrate that an energy flow in lattices can be described in terms of numerous separated energy bodies, making a step towards a linkage between lattice dynamics and the kinetic theory of heat transfer in solids.