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The paper examines archaeological finds from the Late La Tène period in Lesonice, Moravia. The finds show connections to the Oksywie culture and Przeworsk culture and could indicate trade contacts and gift exchange. Keywords are Moravia, Late La Tène period, Oksywie culture, Przeworsk culture, Amber Road. Finds from Petrovice, Rybníky, and Miroslavské Knínice are described, including ceramic fragments, a Mötschwil fibula, an iron hook, and a glass bracelet. These could be interpreted as grave goods or ritual objects that show cultural interactions between women in the Late La Tène period. [Extracted from the article]

The central agglomeration Němčice in Moravia gave the name – the Němčice/Roseldorf type – to the entire gradually recognised group of large lowland settlements with production and distribution functions existing in La Tène Europe in the 3rd–2nd century BC. In addition to settlement and production features, several ditched quadrangular enclosures were also identified at the Němčice settlement. One of these, feature 525, was investigated in 2022. The history of the enclosure is demonstrated by finds and structures found in its inner space and from the individual layers of the fill of its ditch, which document development from the burial and perhaps other ritual functions of the enclosure ending with the deposition of fragments of weapons in the ditch, up to the incorporation of the feature into the space used for settlement activities. Ditched quadrangular enclosures, as are known besides Němčice especially from Roseldorf in eastern Austria and from other settlements in the corridor of the Amber Road, reflect significant changes in the ritual behaviour of the La Tène population in Central Europe in this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical-quantitative study systematically examines lifecycle ritual choices, including the reluctance to celebrate the rituals offered by the church. Observations of the reasons for ritual choices in the German Protestant context illustrate important shifts in ritual culture. These are also occurring in other contexts around the world marked by religious individualization and cultural singularization. This study finds that religious fit, family constellation and biography, conventionality, and institutional attachment determine affinity to church lifecycle rituals. Thus, the interest in infant baptism, church wedding, and funeral can be conceptualized as a four-dimensional value-rational action. In addition, personal contact with pastors and other church personnel builds trust and creates opportunities for ritual requests. The study thus deepens our understanding of contemporary decision-making processes in a changing ritual culture. The empirical findings offer implications for professionals to adapt their ritual practices in both ritual design and marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Der Todomat ist der erste physische Hinterlassenschafts-Konfigurator der Welt. Er ist ein fiktives Artefakt aus einer Zukunft, in der die Menschen ihren Tod selbstbestimmter und nachhaltiger gestalten als heutzutage, in der sie Wünsche und Entscheidungen rund um ihren Tod hinterlegen und jederzeit aktualisieren können. Der Todomat ist ein Vorbote dieser Zukunft in der Gegenwart. Als Self-Service-Angebot stellt er bis zu 20 Fragen zum Abschied, Gedenken und Umgang mit dem toten Körper, mit hinterlassenen Dingen, Daten und Geheimnissen. Er erstellt für die Nutzer*innen auf Basis ihrer gewählten Antworten eine To-do-Liste zur Vorbereitung der Zeit nach dem eigenen Ableben. Die Wahlmöglichkeiten enthalten gegenwärtig realisierbare – legale oder illegale – sowie zukünftige, bisher fiktive Optionen. Sie laden dazu ein, aktuelle gesellschaftliche Gepflogenheiten und gesetzliche Regelungen im Umgang mit Toten und ihrer Bestattung sowie mit Nachlass, digitalen Spuren und Besitztümern zu hinterfragen – auch aus einer Perspektive der Nachhaltigkeit. Einige Entscheidungsoptionen haben direkte Implikationen für die Gestaltung öffentlicher Räume oder für derzeitige und zukünftige urbane Lebensstile, etwa bei der Wahl der Bestattungsart und des Gedenkortes oder bei der Nachnutzung physischer Besitztümer und Räumlichkeiten. Manche fiktive Wahlmöglichkeiten sollen die Präsenz des Todes im städtischen Leben verstärken. Der Todomat steht als physischer Automat im Museum für Sepulkralkultur in Kassel zur Nutzung bereit. Sein digitaler Zwilling im Internet (todomat.org). Er eignet sich auch als Tool für transformative Lernprozesse in Gruppenkontexten.

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Copyright of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie is the property of Komunikaty Mazursko-Warminskie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Die Liturgiewissenschaft versteht sich als „Grenzgängerin“ (B. Kranemann) in der Theologie, hat aber auch selbst Grenzbereiche, die in den Curricula kaum oder gar nicht Berücksichtigung finden, obwohl diese in der Pastoral präsenter werden. Vorliegender Beitrag möchte anhand eines an der Universität Wien durchgeführten Seminars zu den drei exemplarischen Feldern Gehörlosigkeit, Tod und Demenz ein Lehrprojekt reflektieren, dessen Grundidee wesentlich auf der Verbindung von Fachdidaktik und Religionsdidaktik beruhte und so eine produktive und erfahrungsintensive Lernmodellierung ermöglichte.

The article "Early Medieval Glass Smoothers as an Expression of the Spread of Christianity in Europe" examines the function of medieval hemispherical glass artifacts known as glass smoothers. The authors present new research findings that indicate that glass smoothers were primarily used for gilding wall paintings. The geographical distribution of glass smoothers is highest in Northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It is noted that there are nearly a hundred graves containing glass smoothers, mainly found in Northern France and Belgium. The authors have analyzed various glass smoothers from the Czech Republic, dating from different periods. The study investigates early medieval glass grinders as an expression of the spread of Christianity. The chemical composition of the glass consists mainly of silicon, with low concentrations of calcium, sodium, and aluminum oxides. Anomalies of precious metals such as gold, silver, tin, copper, and brass were found on the surfaces of the artifacts. The authors analyze various glass artifacts from the 9th century and conclude that the most likely use of glass smoothers is in jewelry production. [Extracted from the article]

Bei der Planung einer Bestattungsfeier geraten Pfarrer und Kirchenmusiker nicht selten in einen Konflikt zwischen den Anforderungen der liturgischen und kirchenmusikalischen Tradition und Musikwünschen der Hinterbliebenen aus dem ‚weltlichen‘, zumeist popularmusikalischen Bereich. Unter Mitwirkung der evangelischen Landeskirchen sowie katholischen Bistümern wurden in einer quantitativen Online-Studie deutschlandweit und überkonfessionell insgesamt 1.875 evangelische und katholische Pfarrer sowie Kirchenmusiker dazu befragt, welche Musik bei christlichen Bestattungsfeiern erklingt, welchen Stellenwert hierbei die weltliche Musik hat und wie diese Praxis von den beteiligten Pfarrern und Kirchenmusikern eingeschätzt und erlebt wird. Damit ist die vorliegende Studie die bislang umfassendste und größte Erhebung zur Thematik. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass im Mittel bei etwa einem Drittel der christlichen Bestattungen weltliche Musik erklingt. Die bei Trauerfeiern erklingende weltliche Musik stammt dabei zwar weit überwiegend aus populären Stilen, die konkrete Musikwahl ist jedoch von großer Individualität geprägt. Die insgesamt 3.562 Titelnennungen zeigen eine enorme Bandbreite, die nicht auf eine Hitliste reduziert werden kann. Von Seiten der Befragten aller Berufsgruppen und Konfessionen wird die weltliche Musik in diesem Kontext als Problemfeld wahrgenommen. Ins Spannungsfeld geraten dabei a) die weltlichen Musikwünsche der kirchenfernen Hinterbliebenen, b) die musikalisch-ästhetischen Ansprüche der Kirchenmusiker, die zwar das Abspielen von Tonträgern deutlich ablehnen, aber selbst popularmusikalisch oft nur wenig ausgebildet sind, sowie c) der grundlegende Anspruch der Pfarrer, dass ein christlicher Bestattungsgottesdienst sich zwar an den individuellen Wünschen der Hinterbliebenen orientieren muss, dabei aber im Rahmen des Verkündigungsauftrags die Inhalte des christlichen Glaubens nicht aus den Augen verlieren darf.

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A women's burial of the Early Bronze Age that was uncovered near Ammerbuch-Reusten, Tübingen district in autumn 2020 shows clear relations to burial rites of the Final Neolithic in central Europe. The only grave good was in the rear of the burial. A small spiral ring made of gold wire at the left side of the burial at hip level, which can be considered to be the earliest securely dated precious metal find in southwestern Germany. The find fits into a small series of early spiral rings made of gold wire, which are among the oldest precious metal finds in central Europe. Its composition with c. 20 % silver and less than 2 % copper as well as traces of platinum and tin indicates the use of a naturally occurring gold alloy, most likely from so-called alluvial deposits obtained by panning from rivers. The trace element pattern strongly suggests that this type of gold derives from Cornwall, specifically from River Carnon. The burial matches a group of other burials from the Bronze Age on the plateau and is apparently related to a hilltop settlement on the nearby Kirchberg of Reusten. Eine bei Grabungen im Herbst 2020 nahe Ammerbuch-Reusten, Kreis Tübingen freigelegte Frauenbestattung der Frühbronzezeit weist starke Anklänge an das Bestattungsritual des Endneolithikums in Mitteleuropa auf. Als einzige Beigabe fand sich etwa in Hüfthöhe, links hinter der Bestattung ein kleines Spiralröllchen aus Golddraht, welches als bislang ältester, sicher datierter Edelmetallfund in Südwestdeutschland gelten kann. Der Fund fügt sich ein in eine überschaubare kleine Gruppe von Ringen aus Golddraht, die zu den ältesten Funden dieser Art in Mitteleuropa gehören. Seine Zusammensetzung mit ca. 20 % Silber und weniger als 2 % Kupfer, sowie Spuren von Platin und Zinn verweist auf eine natürliche Goldlegierung, wie sie typisch ist für aus Flussseifen gewaschenes alluviales Gold. Das Spurenelementmuster ähnelt den sekundären Goldlagerstätten in Cornwall und speziell aus dem Einzugsgebiet des Flusses Carnon. Die Bestattung fand sich unweit einer Gruppe weiterer Bestattungen der Frühbronzezeit und steht wahrscheinlich in einem Zusammenhang mit der bekannten Höhensiedlung auf dem nahegelegenen Reustener Kirchberg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During construction work in the 1970s in the centre of Haan, Kreis Mettmann, Germany, numerous burials were discovered and largely destroyed. Only a few cranial remains with peculiar headdresses of non-ferrous metal and associated patches of hair and textiles were collected and later interpreted as the mortal and adorned remains of elite canonesses, dated to the 10th century AD. This was mainly based upon several radiocarbon dates which, today, have to be regarded as blatant fakes. A new interdisciplinary study of the few remaining finds from the site resulted in a completely revised interpretation of the burials and a new chronological attribution to the 17th to 18th century AD. The new date is based upon three different and independent methods that complement each other (osteoarchaeology, AMS 14C-dating, micro x-ray fluorescence). Via comparison with historical images and written sources the metal (brass) headpieces found with the skulls could be identified as "ear-irons" (German: Ohreisen / Dutch: oorijzers) which were part of the female dress and were used to hold bonnets in place. As such, they were associated both with everyday and festive dress, largely independent of social status. In Germany, ear-irons were ubiquitous along the Rhine and were in use up until the mid-19th century. After that, they quickly disappeared and were largely forgotten which contributed to the earlier, faulty attribution of the archaeological finds from Haan. In conjunction with the corrected interpretation and chronological placement of the enigmatic finds, the analyses illuminate that ear-irons were part of the female funerary dress at certain times and in certain regions, which, previously, was largely unknown for Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zusammenfassung: Schachthöhlen im Bereich der Fränkischen Alb erfuhren während prähistorischer Zeit sehr oft eine Nutzung als Deponierungsorte menschlicher und tierischer Körper sowie anderer Sachfunde. Die Deutung der Einbringungsmotive ist kontrovers, wobei die schlechte Forschungslage bislang keine eindeutigen Belege zuließ. Mit Hilfe dreidimensionaler Dokumentationsverfahren sowie akribischer Fundbergung und -analyse bietet die erst jüngst entdeckte Kirschbaumhöhle in Oberfranken erstmals die Chance, die genauere Ablagerungsgeschichte der Fundhorizonte und die rituellen Handlungsabläufe in Verbindung mit naturwissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zu rekonstruieren. Résumé: Les grottes verticales ou gouffres du Jura franconien ont fréquemment été utilisées au cours de la préhistoire pout y déposer des corps humains et animaux ainsi que d'autres matériaux. Les raisons derrière ces dépôts sont mal comprises, et les données sûres manquent, étant donné l'état déplorable des recherches entreprises jusqu'à présent. Mais ceci est en train de changer, grâce à l'enregistrement en trois dimensions et à un relevé méticuleux des données et du mobilier. La grotte de Kirschbaumhöhle en Franconie supérieure, découverte seulement récemment, nous donne pour la première fois l'occasion de reconstruire, en intégrant les résultats obtenus par les sciences naturelles, la séquence détaillée des dépôts, des ensembles et des rituels accomplis dans ces gouffres. Abstract: Shaft caves (or vertical caves) in the Franconian Alb were frequently used in prehistory for the disposal of human and animal bodies as well as other assemblages. Interpreting the reasons behind such depositions is controversial; unequivocal evidence is hard to come by given the poor state of research conducted to date. But this situation is changing thanks to three-dimensional recording and a meticulous approach to finds recovery. The Kirschbaumhöhle in Upper Franconia, discovered only recently, provides for the first time an opportunity to reconstruct the detailed sequence of deposition of the assemblages and the rituals conducted there by relating them to the results of analyses stemming from the natural sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to investigate body-related beliefs and practices in relation to society in Middle Bronze Age Transylvania (central Romania between c. 1900 and 1450 bc), known as the area of the Wietenberg Culture. The low number of human remains and their treatment (through cremation and fragmentation of inhumed bodies) has been interpreted by some authors as a willingness to do away with the physical body. In contrast to this opinion, I try here to show that quite the opposite was the case. The body not only stood at the centre of a variety of rituals (funerary and otherwise), but it also constituted a powerful means for maintaining social order, providing people with an understanding of their place in the world, as well as renegotiating positions and meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Die technische Entwicklung in der Neuzeit (1500-1900) verlief bedingt durch die wachsende Industrialisierung zunehmend schneller. Dies umfasst die Verwendung neuer Materialien und die Anwendung neuer Geräte und Herstellungsprozesse. Materialanalysen können nicht nur Aufschluss über die Beschaffenheit der verwendeten Werkstoffe geben, sondern auch Spuren der Herstellungsprozesse sichtbar machen. In Verbindung mit technikgeschichtlichen Quellen können so Datierungsansätze gewonnen, der Wert der Objekte bestimmt und Herstellungszentren und Handelsrouten identifiziert werden. Dieser materialanalytisch-technikgeschichtliche Ansatz wurde auf der Basis des Materials aus Berlin, Brandenburg und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern entwickelt. Materialanalysen an Totenkronen wurden bisher nur selten durchgeführt. Die systematische Auswertung neuer und größtenteils unpublizierter Ergebnisse von Materialanalysen aus Niedersachsen, Sachsen, dem Saarland und Thüringen ermöglichen eine Präzisierung des Ansatzes und der erzielten Ergebnisse. Die Etablierung eines Chronologiegerüsts ist besonders wichtig, da erst aufgrund sicherer Datierungen weiterführende Forschungsfragen etwa zu den Anfängen des Totenkronenbrauches beantwortet werden können. Abstract: L'évolution des techniques à l'Époque moderne (1500-1900) prit de la vitesse grâce à la croissance de l'industrialisation. On se met à utiliser de nouveaux matériaux, de nouveaux outils et de nouveaux procédés de fabrication. L'analyse de la matière ne permet pas seulement d'identifier la composition des matériaux utilisés, mais aussi des traces laissées par des procédés de fabrication. En combinaison avec des sources historiques sur les techniques, il devient possible d'obtenir des éléments de datation, de définir la valeur des objets et d'identifier les centres de fabrication ainsi que les voies commerciales. Cette approche basée sur l'analyse des matériaux et l'histoire des techniques fut développée à partir du matériel déposé à Berlin, dans le Brandebourg et en Mecklembourg-Poméranie occidentale. Les couronnes funéraires ne furent que rarement analysées jusqu'ici. L'exploitation systématique de nouveaux résultats d'analyses faites en Basse-Saxe, Saxe, Thuringe et dans la Sarre, en partie non publiés, permettent d'affiner l'approche et les résultats obtenus. La fixation d'une ossature chronologique est particulièrement importante, car ce n'est que sur la base de datations sûres que l'on pourra répondre aux questions plus pointues concernant par exemple les débuts de la tradition des couronnes funéraires. Abstract: Technological development in the Modern Age (1500-1900) grew rapidly with increasing industrialisation. This included the use of new materials and the application of new machines and production methods. Material analyses not only give insight into the properties of the materials used, but also help reveal traces of the production processes. In combination with historical sources, this can yield new dating approaches, determine the value of objects and identify production centres and trade routes. This multifaceted approach was developed on the basis of material from Berlin, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Until now, material analyses of funeral wreaths were seldom performed. The systematic evaluation of new and mostly unpublished results of material analyses from Lower Saxony, Saxony, Saarland and Thuringia enable a fine-tuning of the approach and a closer definition of the findings obtained. The establishment of a chronological framework is especially important because reliable datings are the prerequisite for further investigations into the beginnings of the use of funeral wreaths, for example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The case study presents completely different interpretations of the same archaeological evidence. Reasons for that are not only the state of knowledge and the possibilities of research, but also the impact of changes in the socio-political climate and varying theoretical traditions. The examples are taken from the Late La Tène settlement Basel-Gasfabrik, which has been excavated for almost 100 years. The study focuses on a number of more or less complete human skeletons from sunken features inside the settlement. This phenomenon prompted the archaeologists to find explanations for this apparent exception to the ancient rule of burying the dead outside the settlements. The interpretations of this ‘abnormal’ burial practice range from victims of war to burials of the members of the élite. The discussion continues on the basis of the synopsis of all verifiable options of dealing with the dead and includes evidence from similar sites elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle Bronze Age Hungary provides an opportunity to investigate prehistoric 'landscapes of the body', as perceptions and attitudes to the body affect burial practices and other body practices, including the wearing of dress and the use of pottery. This article explores the cultural diversity expressed by the roughly contemporary and neighbouring groups of the Encrusted Ware, Vatya, and Füzesabony Cultures. Amongst others, differences between the three groups are articulated through their burials (scattered cremations, urn burials as well as crouched inhumations) and the diverse use of material culture. At the same time, despite formal differences in the burials, the analysis shows that cremations and inhumations in this area share a number of characteristics, and it is the other practices through which the dead body is manipulated that are the primary means of expressing regional differences. Simultaneously, whilst being a means of formulating understandings of the deceased body, burial practices are also tied into subtle differences in lifestyles, daily routines and regional subsistence strategies, as the landscapes of the living provide metaphors, know-how and practical understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article examines the character and role of exchange in Bronze Age Britain. It critiques anachronistic models of competitive individualism, arguing instead that the circulation of both artefacts and the remains of the dead constructed the self in terms of enduring interpersonal ties. It is suggested that the conceptual divide between people and things that typifies post-Enlightenment rationalism has resulted in an understanding of Bronze Age exchange that implicitly characterizes objects as commodities. This article re-evaluates the relationship between people and things in Bronze Age Britain. It explores the role of objects as active social agents; the exchange of artefacts and of human remains facilitated the production of the self and the reproduction of society through cyclical processes of fragmentation, dispersal and reincorporation. As such, Bronze Age concepts of personhood were relational, not individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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