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1. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle in the PTOLEMY project: a theory update

Author

PTOLEMY Collaboration, Apponi, A., Betti, M. G., Borghesi, M., Boyarsky, A., Canci, N., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Cheianov, V., Cheipesh, Y., Chung, W., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., D'Ambrosio, N., de Groot, N., Esposito, A., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Ficcadenti, L., Frederico, T., Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Lisanti, M., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Marques, M., Menichetti, G., Messina, M., Mikulenko, O., Monticone, E., Nucciotti, A., Orlandi, D., Pandolfi, F., Parlati, S., Pepe, C., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pisanti, O., Polini, M., Polosa, A. D., Puiu, A., Rago, I., Raitses, Y., Rajteri, M., Rossi, N., Rozwadowska, K., Rucandio, I., Ruocco, A., Strid, C. F., Tan, A., Teles, L. K., Tozzini, V., Tully, C. G., Viviani, M., Zeitler, U., and Zhao, F.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We discuss the consequences of the quantum uncertainty on the spectrum of the electron emitted by the $\beta$-processes of a tritium atom bound to a graphene sheet. We analyze quantitatively the issue recently raised in [Cheipesh et al., Phys. Rev. D 104, 116004 (2021)], and discuss the relevant time scales and the degrees of freedom that can contribute to the intrinsic spread in the electron energy. We perform careful calculations of the potential between tritium and graphene with different coverages and geometries. With this at hand, we propose possible avenues to mitigate the effect of the quantum uncertainty., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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2. Implementation and Optimization of the PTOLEMY Transverse Drift Electromagnetic Filter

Author

Apponi, A., Betti, M. G., Borghesi, M., Boscá, A., Calle, F., Canci, N., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Chung, W., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., D'Ambrosio, N., de Groot, N., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Ficcadenti, L., Garcia-Abia, P., Gomez-Tejedor, G. Garcia, Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Kievsky, A., Lisanti, M., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Martínez, J., Messina, M., Monticone, E., Nucciotti, A., Orlandi, D., Pandolfi, F., Parlati, S., Pedrós, J., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pisanti, O., Polosa, A. D., Puiu, A., Rago, I., Raitses, Y., Rajteri, M., Rossi, N., Rozwadowska, K., Rucandio, I., Ruocco, A., Santorelli, R., Strid, C. F., Tan, A., Tully, C. G., Viviani, M., Zeitler, U., and Zhao, F.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The PTOLEMY transverse drift filter is a new concept to enable precision analysis of the energy spectrum of electrons near the tritium beta-decay endpoint. This paper details the implementation and optimization methods for successful operation of the filter. We present the first demonstrator that produces the required magnetic field properties with an iron return-flux magnet. Two methods for the setting of filter electrode voltages are detailed. The challenges of low-energy electron transport in cases of low field are discussed, such as the growth of the cyclotron radius with decreasing magnetic field, which puts a ceiling on filter performance relative to fixed filter dimensions. Additionally, low pitch angle trajectories are dominated by motion parallel to the magnetic field lines and introduce non-adiabatic conditions and curvature drift. To minimize these effects and maximize electron acceptance into the filter, we present a three-potential-well design to simultaneously drain the parallel and transverse kinetic energies throughout the length of the filter. These optimizations are shown, in simulation, to achieve low-energy electron transport from a 1 T iron core (or 3 T superconducting) starting field with initial kinetic energy of 18.6 keV drained to <10 eV (<1 eV) in about 80 cm. This result for low field operation paves the way for the first demonstrator of the PTOLEMY spectrometer for measurement of electrons near the tritium endpoint to be constructed at the Gran Sasso National Laboratary (LNGS) in Italy., Comment: 29 pages, 25 figures

Published
2021
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3. Carbon nanotubes as anisotropic target for dark matter

Author

Cavoto, G, Betti, M G, Mariani, C, Pandolfi, F, Polosa, A D, Rago, I, and Ruocco, A

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Directional detection of Dark Matter (DM) particles could be accomplished by studying either ion or electron recoils in large arrays of parallel carbon nanotubes. For instance, a MeV mass DM particle could scatter off a lattice electron, resulting in the transfer of sufficient energy to eject the electron from the nanotube surface. The electron can eventually be detected whenever an external electric field is added to drive it from the open ends of the array. This detection scheme would offer an anisotropic response and could be used to select an orientation of the target with respect to the DM wind. A compact sensor, in which the cathode element is substituted with a dense array of parallel carbon nanotubes, could serve as the basic detection unit which - if adequately replicated - would allow to explore a significant region of light DM mass and cross-section. A similar detection scheme could be used to detect DM particles with mass in the GeV range scattering off the surface of a CNT and ejecting a carbon ion. We report about the Monte Carlo simulations of such a system and the R&D towards a detector prototype., Comment: 4 pages 5 figure oprepared for proceedings of TAUP 2019

Published
2019
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4. Neutrino physics with the PTOLEMY project: active neutrino properties and the light sterile case

Author

PTOLEMY collaboration, Betti, M. G., Biasotti, M., Boscá, A., Calle, F., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., D'Ambrosio, N., De Groot, N., de Salas, P. F., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Garcia-Abia, P., García-Cortés, I., Gomez-Tejedor, G. Garcia, Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Kievsky, A., Lisanti, M., Mancini-Terracciano, C., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Martínez, J., Messina, M., Molinero-Vela, A., Monticone, E., Moroño, A., Nucciotti, A., Pandolfi, F., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Pedrós, J., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pisanti, O., Polosa, A. D., Puiu, A., Rago, I., Raitses, Y., Rajteri, M., Rossi, N., Rucandio, I., Santorelli, R., Schaeffner, K., Tully, C. G., Viviani, M., Zhao, F., and Zurek, K. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The PTOLEMY project aims to develop a scalable design for a Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB) detector, the first of its kind and the only one conceived that can look directly at the image of the Universe encoded in neutrino background produced in the first second after the Big Bang. The scope of the work for the next three years is to complete the conceptual design of this detector and to validate with direct measurements that the non-neutrino backgrounds are below the expected cosmological signal. In this paper we discuss in details the theoretical aspects of the experiment and its physics goals. In particular, we mainly address three issues. First we discuss the sensitivity of PTOLEMY to the standard neutrino mass scale. We then study the perspectives of the experiment to detect the CNB via neutrino capture on tritium as a function of the neutrino mass scale and the energy resolution of the apparatus. Finally, we consider an extra sterile neutrino with mass in the eV range, coupled to the active states via oscillations, which has been advocated in view of neutrino oscillation anomalies. This extra state would contribute to the tritium decay spectrum, and its properties, mass and mixing angle, could be studied by analyzing the features in the beta decay electron spectrum., Comment: Typos corrected; Matches version accepted by JCAP

Published
2019
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5. Cosmic Neutrino Background detection with PTOLEMY

Author

Rossi, N, Apponi, A, Betti, M, Borghesi, M, Castellano, O, Cavoto, G, Celasco, E, Chung, W, Cocco, A, Colijn, A, Cortis, D, D'Ambrosio, N, de Groot, N, el Morabit, S, Esposito, A, Farino, M, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ficcadenti, L, Gariazzo, S, Garrone, H, Gatti, F, Giachero, A, Iwasaki, Y, Laubenstein, M, Manenti, L, Mangano, G, Marcucci, L, Mariani, C, Mead, J, Menichetti, G, Messina, M, Monticone, E, Naafs, M, Nucciotti, A, Pandolfi, F, Paoloni, D, Pepe, C, de los Heros, C, Pisanti, O, Pofi, F, Polosa, A, Puiu, A, Rago, I, Rajteri, M, Ruocco, A, Tan, A, Tozzini, V, Tully, C, van Rens, I, Virzi, F, Visser, G, Viviani, M, Zeitler, U, Zheliuk, O, Zimmer, F, Rossi N., Apponi A., Betti M. G., Borghesi M., Castellano O., Cavoto G., Celasco E., Chung W., Cocco A., Colijn A., Cortis D., D'Ambrosio N., de Groot N., el Morabit S., Esposito A., Farino M., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ficcadenti L., Gariazzo S., Garrone H., Gatti F., Giachero A., Iwasaki Y., Laubenstein M., Manenti L., Mangano G., Marcucci L. E., Mariani C., Mead J., Menichetti G., Messina M., Monticone E., Naafs M., Nucciotti A., Pandolfi F., Paoloni D., Pepe C., de los Heros C. P., Pisanti O., Pofi F., Polosa A. D., Puiu A., Rago I., Rajteri M., Ruocco A., Tan A., Tozzini V., Tully C., van Rens I., Virzi F., Visser G., Viviani M., Zeitler U., Zheliuk O., Zimmer F., Rossi, N, Apponi, A, Betti, M, Borghesi, M, Castellano, O, Cavoto, G, Celasco, E, Chung, W, Cocco, A, Colijn, A, Cortis, D, D'Ambrosio, N, de Groot, N, el Morabit, S, Esposito, A, Farino, M, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ficcadenti, L, Gariazzo, S, Garrone, H, Gatti, F, Giachero, A, Iwasaki, Y, Laubenstein, M, Manenti, L, Mangano, G, Marcucci, L, Mariani, C, Mead, J, Menichetti, G, Messina, M, Monticone, E, Naafs, M, Nucciotti, A, Pandolfi, F, Paoloni, D, Pepe, C, de los Heros, C, Pisanti, O, Pofi, F, Polosa, A, Puiu, A, Rago, I, Rajteri, M, Ruocco, A, Tan, A, Tozzini, V, Tully, C, van Rens, I, Virzi, F, Visser, G, Viviani, M, Zeitler, U, Zheliuk, O, Zimmer, F, Rossi N., Apponi A., Betti M. G., Borghesi M., Castellano O., Cavoto G., Celasco E., Chung W., Cocco A., Colijn A., Cortis D., D'Ambrosio N., de Groot N., el Morabit S., Esposito A., Farino M., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ficcadenti L., Gariazzo S., Garrone H., Gatti F., Giachero A., Iwasaki Y., Laubenstein M., Manenti L., Mangano G., Marcucci L. E., Mariani C., Mead J., Menichetti G., Messina M., Monticone E., Naafs M., Nucciotti A., Pandolfi F., Paoloni D., Pepe C., de los Heros C. P., Pisanti O., Pofi F., Polosa A. D., Puiu A., Rago I., Rajteri M., Ruocco A., Tan A., Tozzini V., Tully C., van Rens I., Virzi F., Visser G., Viviani M., Zeitler U., Zheliuk O., and Zimmer F.

Abstract

The PTOLEMY experiment aims at detecting the cosmic neutrino background, generated approximately one second after the Big Bang, in accordance with Standard Cosmology. Given the extremely low energy of these neutrinos, reliable experimental detection can be accomplished through neutrino captures on beta-unstable nuclides, eliminating the need for a specific energy threshold. Tritium implanted on a carbon-based nanostructure emerges as a promising candidate among the various isotopes due to its favorable cross-section and low-endpoint energy. The Ptolemy collaboration plans to integrate a solid-state tritium source with a novel compact electromagnetic filter, based on the dynamic transverse momentum cancellation concept. This filter will be employed in conjunction with an event-based preliminary radio-frequency preselection. The measurement of neutrino mass and the exploration of light sterile neutrinos represent additional outcomes stemming from the Ptolemy experiment’s physics potential, even when utilizing smaller or intermediate-scale detectors. To finalize the conceptualization of the detector, a demonstrator prototype will be assembled and tested at LNGS in 2024. This prototype aims at addressing the challenging aspects of the Ptolemy experiment.

Published
2024

8. A Design for an Electromagnetic Filter for Precision Energy Measurements at the Tritium Endpoint

Author

Betti, M. G., Biasotti, M., Bosca, A., Calle, F., Carabe-Lopez, J., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Chung, W., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., D'Ambrosio, N., de Salas, P. F., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Garcia-Abia, P., Gomez-Tejedor, G. Garcia, Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Gudmundsson, J., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Lisanti, M., Mancini-Terracciano, C., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Martinez, J., Messina, M., Molinero-Vela, A., Monticone, E., Nucciotti, A., Pandolfi, F., Pastor, S., Pedros, J., Heros, C. Perez de los, Pisanti, O., Polosa, A., Puiu, A., Raitses, Y., Rajteri, M., Rossi, N., Santorelli, R., Schaeffner, K., Strid, C. F., Tully, C. G., Zhao, F., and Zurek, K. M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present a detailed description of the electromagnetic filter for the PTOLEMY project to directly detect the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB). Starting with an initial estimate for the orbital magnetic moment, the higher-order drift process of ExB is configured to balance the gradient-B drift motion of the electron in such a way as to guide the trajectory into the standing voltage potential along the mid-plane of the filter. As a function of drift distance along the length of the filter, the filter zooms in with exponentially increasing precision on the transverse velocity component of the electron kinetic energy. This yields a linear dimension for the total filter length that is exceptionally compact compared to previous techniques for electromagnetic filtering. The parallel velocity component of the electron kinetic energy oscillates in an electrostatic harmonic trap as the electron drifts along the length of the filter. An analysis of the phase-space volume conservation validates the expected behavior of the filter from the adiabatic invariance of the orbital magnetic moment and energy conservation following Liouville's theorem for Hamiltonian systems.

Published
2018
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9. PTOLEMY: A Proposal for Thermal Relic Detection of Massive Neutrinos and Directional Detection of MeV Dark Matter

Author

Baracchini, E., Betti, M. G., Biasotti, M., Bosca, A., Calle, F., Carabe-Lopez, J., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., D'Ambrosio, N., de Salas, P. F., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Garcia-Abia, P., Gomez-Tejedor, G. Garcia, Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Gudmundsson, J., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Lisanti, M., Mancini-Terracciano, C., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Martinez, J., Mazzitelli, G., Messina, M., Molinero-Vela, A., Monticone, E., Nucciotti, A., Pandolfi, F., Pastor, S., Pedros, J., Heros, C. Perez de los, Pisanti, O., Polosa, A., Puiu, A., Rajteri, M., Santorelli, R., Schaeffner, K., Tully, C. G., Raitses, Y., Rossi, N., Zhao, F., and Zurek, K. M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We propose to achieve the proof-of-principle of the PTOLEMY project to directly detect the Cosmic Neutrino Background (CNB). Each of the technological challenges described in [1,2] will be targeted and hopefully solved by the use of the latest experimental developments and profiting from the low background environment provided by the LNGS underground site. The first phase will focus on the graphene technology for a tritium target and the demonstration of TES microcalorimetry with an energy resolution of better than 0.05 eV for low energy electrons. These technologies will be evaluated using the PTOLEMY prototype, proposed for underground installation, using precision HV controls to step down the kinematic energy of endpoint electrons to match the calorimeter dynamic range and rate capabilities. The second phase will produce a novel implementation of the EM filter that is scalable to the full target size and which demonstrates intrinsic triggering capability for selecting endpoint electrons. Concurrent with the CNB program, we plan to exploit and develop the unique properties of graphene to implement an intermediate program for direct directional detection of MeV dark matter [3,4]. This program will evaluate the radio-purity and scalability of the graphene fabrication process with the goal of using recently identified ultra-high radio-purity CO2 sources. The direct detection of the CNB is a snapshot of early universe dynamics recorded by the thermal relic neutrino yield taken at a time that predates the epochs of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the Cosmic Microwave Background and the recession of galaxies (Hubble Expansion). Big Bang neutrinos are believed to have a central role in the evolution of the Universe and a direct measurement with PTOLEMY will unequivocally establish the extent to which these predictions match present-day neutrino densities.

Published
2018

11. RADIOMICS-BASED DETECTION OF PULMONARY EMBOLISM IN UN-ENHANCED CT IMAGES: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Author

Gnerucci, A., primary, Fedeli, L., additional, Betti, M., additional, Bicchi, S., additional, Rossetti, M., additional, Lasagni, L., additional, Cupparo, I., additional, Valeri, F., additional, Cantoni, E., additional, Doria, S., additional, Zantonelli, G., additional, Benelli, M., additional, Marconi, A., additional, Risaliti, G., additional, Taddeucci, A., additional, Gori, C., additional, Cozzi, D., additional, and Bartolucci, M., additional

Published
2023
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15. TYPE TESTING OF A DOSIMETRY SYSTEM IN TERMS OF HP(3)

Author

Rossi, F., primary, Belli, G., additional, Betti, M., additional, Bruzzi, M., additional, Busoni, S., additional, Di Biaso, S., additional, D’Urso, D., additional, Fedeli, L., additional, Gasperi, C., additional, Giomi, S., additional, Mazzoni, L.N., additional, Noferini, L., additional, Paolucci, M., additional, Poggiali, C., additional, Quattrocchi, M., additional, Taddeucci, A., additional, and Campanella, F., additional

Published
2023
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16. MULTICENTER INTERCOMPARISON ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITATIVE DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI-DERIVED RADIOMIC FEATURES: A PHANTOM STUDY

Author

Altabella, L., primary, Fedeli, L., additional, Busoni, S., additional, Belli, G., additional, Ciccarone, A., additional, Coniglio, A., additional, Esposito, M., additional, Nocetti, L., additional, Sghedoni, R., additional, Tarducci, R., additional, Benelli, M., additional, Belligotti, E., additional, Bettarini, S., additional, Betti, M., additional, Caivano, R., additional, Carnì, M., additional, Chiappiniello, A., additional, Cimolai, S., additional, Cretti, F., additional, Fulcheri, C., additional, Gasperi, C., additional, Giacometti, M., additional, Levrero, F., additional, Lizio, D., additional, Maieron, M., additional, Marzi, S., additional, Mascaro, L., additional, Mazzocchi, S., additional, Meliadò, G., additional, Morzenti, S., additional, Niespolo, A., additional, Noferini, L., additional, Oberhofer, N., additional, Orsingher, L., additional, Quattrocchi, M., additional, Ricci, A., additional, Savini, A., additional, Taddeucci, A., additional, Testa, C., additional, Tortoli, P., additional, Gobbi, G., additional, Gori, C., additional, Bernardi, L., additional, Mazzoni, L.N., additional, and Giannelli, M., additional

Published
2023
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18. STAFF EYE-LENS DOSE MONITORING IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY: FINAL RESULTS OF A NATIONAL MULTI-PROCEDURE STUDY

Author

Busoni, S., primary, Belli, G., additional, Betti, M., additional, Bruzzi, M., additional, Di Biaso, S., additional, D’Urso, D., additional, Fedeli, L., additional, Gasperi, C., additional, Giomi, S., additional, Mazzoni, L.N., additional, Paolucci, M., additional, Poggiali, C., additional, Quattrocchi, M., additional, Rossi, F., additional, Taddeucci, A., additional, and Campanella, F., additional

Published
2023
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19. MULTI-CENTRE STUDY OF CORRELATION OF DOSE TO LENS, WHOLE-BODY AND THYROID IN INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURE

Author

Quattrocchi, M., primary, Busoni, S., additional, Bruzzi, M., additional, Giomi, S., additional, Poggiali, C., additional, Betti, M., additional, Di Biaso, S., additional, D’Urso, D., additional, Mazzoni, L.N., additional, Fedeli, L., additional, Paolucci, M., additional, Rossi, F., additional, Taddeucci, A., additional, Belli, G., additional, Gasperi, C., additional, and Campanella, F., additional

Published
2023
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21. NATIONAL MULTICENTRIC STUDY IN INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES: FOCUS ON EXPOSURE PARAMETERS

Author

Di Biaso, S., primary, D’Urso, D., additional, Betti, M., additional, Belli, G., additional, Bruzzi, M., additional, Fedeli, L., additional, Gasperi, C., additional, Giomi, S., additional, Mazzoni, L.N., additional, Paolucci, M., additional, Poggiali, C., additional, Quattrocchi, M., additional, Taddeucci, A., additional, Campanella, F., additional, Rossi, F., additional, and Busoni, S., additional

Published
2023
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22. DOSE REDUCTION FACTOR (DRF) EVALUATION FOR DIFFERENT EYE LENS PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS: PHANTOM MEASUREMENTS FOR INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY PROCEDURES AND MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS

Author

Poggiali, C., primary, Betti, M., additional, Fedeli, L., additional, Civinini, C., additional, Bruzzi, M., additional, Belli, G., additional, Busoni, S., additional, Di Biaso, S., additional, Campanella, F., additional, D’Urso, D., additional, Gasperi, C., additional, Giomi, S., additional, Mazzoni, L.N., additional, Paolucci, M., additional, Quattrocchi, M., additional, Rossi, F., additional, and Taddeucci, A., additional

Published
2023
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25. CuPc molecules adsorbed on Au(110)-(1x2): growth morphology and evolution of valence band states

Author

Evangelista, F., Ruocco, A., Corradini, V., Donzello, M. P., Mariani, C., and Betti, M. G.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We present the growth morphology, the long range ordering, and the evolution of the valence band electronic states of ultra-thin films of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) deposited on the Au(110)-(1x2) reconstructed surface, as a function of the organic molecule coverage. The Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) patterns present a (5x3) reconstruction from the early adsorption stages. High-Resolution UV photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-UPS) data show the disappearance of the Au surface states related to the (1x2) reconstruction, and the presence of new electronic features related to the molecule-substrate interaction and to the CuPc molecular states. The CuPc highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) gradually emerges in the valence band, while the interface electronic states are quenched, upon increasing the coverage., Comment: pdf 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication: Surface Science

Published
2003
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27. Determinants of emergency Cesarean delivery in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa with or without placenta accreta spectrum disorder: analysis of ADoPAD cohort.

Author

Lucidi, A., Fratelli, N., Maggi, C., Cavalli, C., Sciarrone, A., Buca, D., Garofalo, A., Viora, E., Vergani, P., Betti, M., Vaglio Tessitore, I., Cavaliere, A. F., Buongiorno, S., Vidiri, A., Fabbri, E., Ferrazzi, E., Maggi, V., Cetin, I., Frusca, T., and Ghi, T.

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the rate and outcome of emergency Cesarean delivery (CD) in women with placenta previa with or without placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) and to elucidate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in predicting emergency CD. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective study involving 16 referral hospitals in Italy (ADoPAD study). Inclusion criteria were women with placenta previa minor (< 20 mm from the internal cervical os) or placenta previa major (covering the os), aged ≥ 18 years, who underwent transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound assessment at ≥ 26 + 0 weeks of gestation. The primary outcome was the occurrence of emergency CD, defined as the need for immediate surgical intervention performed for emergency maternal or fetal indication, including active labor, cumulative maternal bleeding > 500 mL, severe and persistent vaginal bleeding such that maternal hemodynamic stability could not be achieved or maintained, or category‐III fetal heart rate tracing unresponsive to resuscitative measures. The primary outcome was reported separately in the population of women with placenta previa and no PAS confirmed after birth and in those with PAS. The secondary aim was to report on the strength of association and to test the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in predicting emergency CD. Univariate, multivariate and diagnostic accuracy analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 450 women, including 97 women with placenta previa and PAS and 353 with placenta previa only, were analyzed. In women with placenta previa and PAS, emergency CD was required in 20.6% (95% CI, 14–30%), and 60.0% (12/20) delivered before 34 weeks of gestation. The mean gestational age at delivery was 32.3 ± 2.7 weeks in women undergoing emergency CD and 34.9 ± 1.8 weeks in those undergoing elective CD (P < 0.001). Women undergoing emergency CD had a higher median estimated blood loss (2500 (interquartile range (IQR), 1350–4500) vs 1100 (IQR, 625–2500) mL; P = 0.012), mean units of blood transfused (7.3 ± 8.8 vs 2.5 ± 3.4; P = 0.02) and more frequent placement of a mechanical balloon (50.0% vs 16.9%; P = 0.002) compared with those undergoing elective CD. On univariate analysis, the presence of interrupted retroplacental space, interrupted bladder line and placental lacunae was more common in women not experiencing emergency CD. No comprehensive multivariate analysis could be performed in this subgroup of women. Ultrasound signs of PAS, including presence of interrupted retroplacental space, interrupted bladder line and placental lacunae, were not predictive of emergency CD. In women with placenta previa but no PAS, emergency CD was required in 31.2% (95% CI, 26.6–36.2%), and 32.7% (36/110) delivered before 34 weeks of gestation. The mean gestational age at delivery was lower in women undergoing emergency CD compared with those undergoing elective CD (34.2 ± 2.9 vs 36.7 ± 1.6 weeks; P < 0.001). Pregnancies complicated by emergency CD were associated with a lower birth weight (2330 ± 620 vs 2800 ± 480 g; P < 0.001) and had a higher risk of need for blood transfusion (22.7% vs 10.7%; P = 0.003) compared with those who underwent elective CD. On multivariate analysis, only placental thickness (odds ratio (OR), 1.02 (95% CI, 1.00–1.03); P = 0.046) and cervical length < 25 mm (OR, 3.89 (95% CI, 1.33–11.33); P = 0.01) were associated with emergency CD. However, a short cervical length showed low diagnostic accuracy for predicting emergency CD in these women. Conclusion: Emergency CD occurred in about 20% of women with placenta previa and PAS and 30% of those with placenta previa only and was associated with worse maternal outcome compared with elective intervention. Prenatal ultrasound is not predictive of the risk of emergency CD in women with these disorders. © 2023 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. LESSONS LEARNT ON 3D PRINTING MICHELANGELO’S DAVID REPLICA

Author

Tucci, G., Betti, M., and Pizzo, B.

Abstract

This paper reports and discusses the results of some experimental investigations carried out with the aim to identify the best conditions for a safe exposure of the 3D printed large-scale replica of Michelangelo’s David during its exhibition in the Italian Pavilion of the Expo 2020 Dubai.The whole project posed numerous challenges due to the dimension of the Michelangelo’s David (which is over seven metres high and weighs more than five ton). As a matter of fact, on the one hand, no standardized procedures have been still established to define accuracy and quality of 3D printing. On the other hand, the large-scale printing opens up new issues concerning the mechanical properties requested of the printing material and the printing set-up that is necessary to ensure the stability and durability of the printed replica.After a general picture of the whole project, thermal characterization of the material used to print the replica and mechanical tests of samples obtained form the replica are reported and discussed. Thermal characterisation showed that the stiffness of the material was strongly influenced by temperature and that it decreased continuously as this parameter increased. Mechanical tests showed a brittle behaviour, with a collapse load approximately 10 times higher than the internal loads resulting from the self-weight alone.The analyses here presented constitute some of the groundwork carried out for the realisation and installation of the 3D printed replica of Michelangelo’s David. This conceptualisation, considering both the extreme environmental conditions and the large-size of the replica, has been particularly challenging and the adopted procedure was useful to verify the different phases of the realisation of the replica.

Published
2023

29. SYNTHETIC DATA GENERATION AND TESTING FOR THE SEMANTIC SEGMENTATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS

Author

Pellis, E., Masiero, A., Grussenmeyer, P., Betti, M., and Tucci, G.

Abstract

Over the past decade, the use of machine learning and deep learning algorithms to support 3D semantic segmentation of point clouds has significantly increased, and their impressive results has led to the application of such algorithms for the semantic modeling of heritage buildings. Nevertheless, such applications still face several significant challenges, caused in particular by the high number of training data required during training, by the lack of specific data in the heritage building scenarios, and by the time-consuming operations to data collection and annotation. This paper aims to address these challenges by proposing a workflow for synthetic image data generation in heritage building scenarios. Specifically, the procedure allows for the generation of multiple rendered images from various viewpoints based on a 3D model of a building. Additionally, it enables the generation of per-pixel segmentation maps associated with these images. In the first part, the procedure is tested by generating a synthetic simulation of a real-world scenario using the case study of Spedale del Ceppo. In the second part, several experiments are conducted to assess the impact of synthetic data during training. Specifically, three neural network architectures are trained using the generated synthetic images, and their performance in predicting the corresponding real scenarios is evaluated.

Published
2023

32. 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in patients with non-tuberculous mycobacterial infectionsA case series on the use of Nuclear Medicine in NTM-PD

Author

Stroffolini, G, Gaviraghi, A, Penna, D, Piccioni, P, Venuti, F, Botto, C, Trezzi, M, Betti, M, Sestini, S, Erba, P, Lupia, T, Di Perri, G, Aliberti, S, Calcagno, A, Stroffolini, Giacomo, Gaviraghi, Alberto, Penna, Daniele, Piccioni, Pavilio, Venuti, Francesco, Botto, Carlotta, Trezzi, Michele, Betti, Margherita, Sestini, Stelvio, Erba, Paola Anna, Lupia, Tommaso, Di Perri, Giovanni, Aliberti, Stefano, Calcagno, Andrea, Stroffolini, G, Gaviraghi, A, Penna, D, Piccioni, P, Venuti, F, Botto, C, Trezzi, M, Betti, M, Sestini, S, Erba, P, Lupia, T, Di Perri, G, Aliberti, S, Calcagno, A, Stroffolini, Giacomo, Gaviraghi, Alberto, Penna, Daniele, Piccioni, Pavilio, Venuti, Francesco, Botto, Carlotta, Trezzi, Michele, Betti, Margherita, Sestini, Stelvio, Erba, Paola Anna, Lupia, Tommaso, Di Perri, Giovanni, Aliberti, Stefano, and Calcagno, Andrea

Published
2023

34. CDKN2A and BAP1 germline mutations predispose to melanoma and mesothelioma

Author

Betti, M., Aspesi, A., Biasi, A., Casalone, E., Ferrante, D., Ogliara, P., Gironi, L.C., Giorgione, R., Farinelli, P., Grosso, F., Libener, R., Rosato, S., Turchetti, D., Maffè, A., Casadio, C., Ascoli, V., Dianzani, C., Colombo, E., Piccolini, E., Pavesi, M., Miccoli, S., Mirabelli, D., Bracco, C., Righi, L., Boldorini, R., Papotti, M., Matullo, G., Magnani, C., Pasini, B., and Dianzani, I.

Published
2016
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43. CO-18.1 - MULTICENTER INTERCOMPARISON ASSESSMENT OF QUANTITATIVE DIFFUSION-WEIGHTED MRI-DERIVED RADIOMIC FEATURES: A PHANTOM STUDY

Author

Altabella, L., Fedeli, L., Busoni, S., Belli, G., Ciccarone, A., Coniglio, A., Esposito, M., Nocetti, L., Sghedoni, R., Tarducci, R., Benelli, M., Belligotti, E., Bettarini, S., Betti, M., Caivano, R., Carnì, M., Chiappiniello, A., Cimolai, S., Cretti, F., Fulcheri, C., Gasperi, C., Giacometti, M., Levrero, F., Lizio, D., Maieron, M., Marzi, S., Mascaro, L., Mazzocchi, S., Meliadò, G., Morzenti, S., Niespolo, A., Noferini, L., Oberhofer, N., Orsingher, L., Quattrocchi, M., Ricci, A., Savini, A., Taddeucci, A., Testa, C., Tortoli, P., Gobbi, G., Gori, C., Bernardi, L., Mazzoni, L.N., and Giannelli, M.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Implementation and optimization of the PTOLEMY transverse drift electromagnetic filter

Author

Apponi, A., Betti, M. G., Borghesi, M., Boscá, A., Calle, F., Canci, N., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Chung, W., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., D'Ambrosio, N., de Groot, N., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Ficcadenti, L., Garcia-Abia, P., Gomez-Tejedor, G. Garcia, Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Kievsky, A., Lisanti, M., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Martínez, J., Messina, M., Monticone, E., Nucciotti, A., Orlandi, D., Pandolfi, F., Parlati, S., Pedrós, J., Heros, C. Pérez de los, Pisanti, O., Polosa, A. D., Puiu, A., Rago, I., Raitses, Y., Rajteri, M., Rossi, N., Rozwadowska, K., Rucandio, I., Ruocco, A., Santorelli, R., Strid, C. F., Tan, A., Tully, C. G., Viviani, M., Zeitler, U., Zhao, F., Apponi, A, Betti, M, Borghesi, M, Canci, N, Cavoto, G, Chang, C, Chung, W, Cocco, A, Colijn, A, D'Ambrosio, N, De Groot, N, Faverzani, M, Ferella, A, Ferri, E, Ficcadenti, L, Gariazzo, S, Gatti, F, Gentile, C, Giachero, A, Hochberg, Y, Kahn, Y, Kievsky, A, Lisanti, M, Mangano, G, Marcucci, L, Mariani, C, Messina, M, Monticone, E, Nucciotti, A, Orlandi, D, Pandolfi, F, Parlati, S, Perez De Los Heros, C, Pisanti, O, Polosa, A, Puiu, A, Rago, I, Raitses, Y, Rajteri, M, Rossi, N, Rozwadowska, K, Ruocco, A, Strid, C, Tan, A, Tully, C, Viviani, M, Zeitler, U, Zhao, F, Apponi, A., Betti, M. G., Borghesi, M., Canci, N., Cavoto, G., Chang, C., Chung, W., Cocco, A. G., Colijn, A. P., D'Ambrosio, N., de Groot, N., Faverzani, M., Ferella, A., Ferri, E., Ficcadenti, L., Gariazzo, S., Gatti, F., Gentile, C., Giachero, A., Hochberg, Y., Kahn, Y., Kievsky, A., Lisanti, M., Mangano, G., Marcucci, L. E., Mariani, C., Messina, M., Monticone, E., Nucciotti, A., Orlandi, D., Pandolfi, F., Parlati, S., P??rez de los Heros, C., Pisanti, O., Polosa, A. D., Puiu, A., Rago, I., Raitses, Y., Rajteri, M., Rossi, N., Rozwadowska, K., Ruocco, A., Strid, C. F., Tan, A., Tully, C. G., Viviani, M., Zeitler, U., and Zhao, F.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Mass spectrometers, Neutrino detectors, Particle detectors, Very low-energy charged particle detectors, Mass spectrometer, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Very low-energy charged particle detector, Neutrino detector, Semiconductors and Nanostructures, High Energy Physics, Particle detector, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The PTOLEMY transverse drift filter is a new concept to enable precision analysis of the energy spectrum of electrons near the tritium beta-decay endpoint. This paper details the implementation and optimization methods for successful operation of the filter. We present the first demonstrator that produces the required magnetic field properties with an iron return-flux magnet. Two methods for the setting of filter electrode voltages are detailed. The challenges of low-energy electron transport in cases of low field are discussed, such as the growth of the cyclotron radius with decreasing magnetic field, which puts a ceiling on filter performance relative to fixed filter dimensions. Additionally, low pitch angle trajectories are dominated by motion parallel to the magnetic field lines and introduce non-adiabatic conditions and curvature drift. To minimize these effects and maximize electron acceptance into the filter, we present a three-potential-well design to simultaneously drain the parallel and transverse kinetic energies throughout the length of the filter. These optimizations are shown, in simulation, to achieve low-energy electron transport from a 1 T iron core (or 3 T superconducting) starting field with initial kinetic energy of 18.6 keV drained to, 29 pages, 25 figures

Published
2022

49. Long-term monitoring of a masonry tower with wireless accelerometers

Author

Zini G., Marafini F., Monchetti S., Betti M., Facchini L., Bartoli G., Girardi M., Gurioli G., Padovani C., and Pellegrini D.

Subjects
Structural health monitoring, Automated operational modal analysis, Data-driven methods, Environmental parameters, Damage detection, Natural frequencies
Abstract

During the last decades, significant efforts have been made to define appropriate Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) frameworks based on the vibration signatures collected by accelerometers. Data-driven approaches are increasingly adopted for damage detection through the identification of anomalies in the distribution of the frequencies. This paper analyzes the long-term monitoring data acquired from a system installed on the Matilde tower in Livorno (Italy). The tower is a historic masonry structure monitored since the end of 2018 using a wireless sensor network developed during the MOSCARDO project.

Published
2023

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