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9. Large language models and their impact in ophthalmology

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Chen, Haichao, additional, Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional, Lee, Cecilia S, additional, Ning, Guochen, additional, Song, Su Jeong, additional, Lee, Aaron Y, additional, Kawasaki, Ryo, additional, van Wijngaarden, Peter, additional, Grzybowski, Andrzej, additional, He, Mingguang, additional, Li, Dawei, additional, Ran Ran, An, additional, Ting, Daniel Shu Wei, additional, Teo, Kelvin, additional, Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan, additional, Sivaprasad, Sobha, additional, Chaudhary, Varun, additional, Tadayoni, Ramin, additional, Wang, Xiaofei, additional, Cheung, Carol Y, additional, Zheng, Yingfeng, additional, Wang, Ya Xing, additional, Tham, Yih Chung, additional, and Wong, Tien Yin, additional

Published
2023
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11. Deep learning algorithms to detect diabetic kidney disease from retinal photographs in multiethnic populations with diabetes

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Chee, Evelyn Yi Lyn, additional, He, Feng, additional, Lim, Cynthia Ciwei, additional, Ho, Jinyi, additional, Hamzah, Haslina, additional, Tan, Ngiap Chuan, additional, Liew, Gerald, additional, McKay, Gareth J, additional, Hogg, Ruth E, additional, Young, Ian S, additional, Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional, Lim, Su Chi, additional, Lee, Aaron Y, additional, Wong, Tien Yin, additional, Lee, Mong Li, additional, Hsu, Wynne, additional, Tan, Gavin Siew Wei, additional, and Sabanayagam, Charumathi, additional

Published
2023
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12. A Duration-Dependent Interaction Between High-Intensity Light and Unrestricted Vision in the Drive for Myopia Control

Author

Biswas, Sayantan, primary, Muralidharan, Arumugam R., additional, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Busoy, Joanna Marie Fianza, additional, Barathi, Veluchamy A., additional, Tan, Royston K. Y., additional, Low, Wan Yu Shermaine, additional, Milea, Dan, additional, Kathrani, Biten K., additional, Brennan, Noel A., additional, and Najjar, Raymond P., additional

Published
2023
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14. Oral ibuprofen is associated with reduced likelihood of early bleb failure following trabeculectomy in high-risk glaucoma patients

Author

Sim, Jackie Jia Lin, primary, Man, Ryan Eyn Kidd, additional, Foo, Reuben Chao Ming, additional, Huang, Olivia S., additional, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Husain, Rahat, additional, Ho, Ching Lin, additional, Boey, Pui Yi, additional, Perera, Shamira A., additional, Low, Jin Rong, additional, Aung, Tin, additional, Lamoureux, Ecosse L., additional, and Wong, Tina T., additional

Published
2023
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15. A duration-dependent interaction between high-intensity light and optical refocus in the drive for myopia control

Author

Biswas, Sayantan, primary, Muralidharan, Arumugam R., additional, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Fianza Busoy, Joanna Marie, additional, Barathi, Veluchamy A., additional, Tan, Royston K. Y., additional, Shermaine Low, Wan Yu, additional, Milea, Dan, additional, Kathrani, Biten K., additional, Brennan, Noel A., additional, and Najjar, Raymond P., additional

Published
2022
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16. Intermediate Uveitis: A Review.

Author

Teo, Andrea York Tiang, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Hua, Keith Low Qie, Chen, Elizabeth Jiahui, Gupta, Vishali, and Agrawal, Rupesh

Subjects
*UVEITIS, *EYE inflammation, *LITERATURE reviews, *PARS plana, *DISEASE complications, *IRIDOCYCLITIS
Abstract

This review aims to provide an update on the clinical presentation, etiologies, complications, and treatment options in intermediate uveitis (IU). Narrative literature review. IU affects all age groups with no clear gender predominance and has varied etiologies including systemic illnesses and infectious diseases, or pars planitis. In some instances, IU may be the sole presentation of an underlying associated condition or disease. Management of IU and its complications include administration of corticosteroids, antimetabolites, T-cell inhibitors, and/or biologics, along with surgical interventions, with varying degrees of effectiveness across literature. In particular, increasing evidence of the safety and efficacy of immunomodulatory agents and biologics has seen greater adoption of these therapies in clinical practice. IU is an anatomical description of uveitis, involving intraocular inflammation of the vitreous, peripheral retinal vasculature, and pars plana. Various treatment options for intermediate uveitis are currently used in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) GFR Estimating Equations on CKD Prevalence and Classification Among Asians

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Sultana, Rehena, additional, He, Feng, additional, Tham, Yih Chung, additional, Lim, Cynthia Ciwei, additional, Wang, Ya Xing, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Tai, E. Shyong, additional, Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, additional, Bikbov, Mukharram M., additional, Jonas, Jost B., additional, Kang, Se Woong, additional, Park, Kyu Hyung, additional, Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional, and Sabanayagam, Charumathi, additional

Published
2022
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19. Intermediate Uveitis: A Review

Author

Teo, Andrea York Tiang, primary, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Hua, Keith Low Qie, additional, Chen, Elizabeth Jiahui, additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, and Agrawal, Rupesh, additional

Published
2022
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24. The Eye of the Storm: COVID-19 Vaccination and the Eye

Author

Ng, Xin Le, primary, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Ng, Sean, additional, Chee, Soon Phaik, additional, Rajamani, Lakshminarayanan, additional, Singhal, Amit, additional, Rousselot, Andres, additional, Pavesio, Carlos E., additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, de Smet, Marc D., additional, and Agrawal, Rupesh, additional

Published
2021
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25. Association between Body Mass Index and Chronic Kidney Disease in Asian Populations: A Participant-level Meta-Analysis

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Sultana, Rehena, additional, Banu, Riswana, additional, Tham, Yih Chung, additional, Lim, Cynthia Ciwei, additional, Wang, Ya Xing, additional, Nangia, Vinay, additional, Tai, E Shyong, additional, Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, additional, Bikbov, Mukharram M., additional, Jonas, Jost B, additional, Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional, and Sabanayagam, Charumathi, additional

Published
2021
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27. The Global Extent of Undetected Glaucoma in Adults

Author

Soh, Zhi, primary, Yu, Marco, additional, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Majithia, Shivani, additional, Thakur, Sahil, additional, Tham, Yih Chung, additional, Wong, Tien Yin, additional, Aung, Tin, additional, Friedman, David S., additional, and Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional

Published
2021
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28. Ocular Adverse Events After COVID-19 Vaccination

Author

Ng, Xin Le, primary, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Testi, Ilaria, additional, Ho, Su Ling, additional, Tien, Melissa, additional, Ngo, Wei Kiong, additional, Zierhut, Manfred, additional, Chee, Soon Phaik, additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, Pavesio, Carlos E, additional, de Smet, Marc D., additional, and Agrawal, Rupesh, additional

Published
2021
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29. Gender Prediction for a Multiethnic Population via Deep Learning Across Different Retinal Fundus Photograph Fields: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Yang, Henrik Hee Seung, additional, Thakur, Sahil, additional, Yu, Marco, additional, Quek, Ten Cheer, additional, Soh, Zhi Da, additional, Lee, Geunyoung, additional, Tham, Yih-Chung, additional, Wong, Tien Yin, additional, Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, additional, and Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional

Published
2021
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32. Anterior segment imaging in minimally invasive glaucoma surgery – A systematic review.

Author

Kan, John Tsia‐Chuen, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Lim, Sheng Yang, and Ang, Bryan Chin Hou

Subjects
*MINIMALLY invasive procedures, *CINAHL database, *OPTICAL coherence tomography, *OPTICAL interference, *ACOUSTIC microscopy, *CONFOCAL microscopy, *RETINAL imaging
Abstract

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) has grown in popularity over the past decade. This systematic review explores the peri‐operative and intraoperative application of anterior segment imaging to maximize the efficacy and safety of MIGS. A review of the PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases was conducted, with inclusion criteria restricted to MIGS that had received United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) premarket approval, FDA 510(K) premarket notification, or were listed as a class 1 device exempt from FDA approval or notification. 21 manuscripts from 21 unique studies were identified pertaining to MIGS devices including the XEN Gel Stent, Trabectome, iStent Inject, 1st‐generation iStent and the Kahook Dual Blade (KDB). Anterior segment imaging modalities included anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT), ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), aqueous angiography, OCT volumetric scans and in vivo confocal microscopy. Identification and evaluation of aqueous outflow pathways before and after MIGS have potential for improving patient preoperative patient selection and postoperative outcomes. Intraoperative imaging potentially provides the resolution needed for good visualization of angle anatomy and accurate evaluation of surgical endpoints in angle‐based MIGS. Anterior segment imaging has been used to identify procedural complications, provide objective information on implant location in relation to surrounding anatomy, assess the post‐implantation structural impact of MIGS devices and manage bleb failure and scarring. Technical difficulties in incorporating imaging modalities into the surgical microscope, variable quality of images and optical interference from ocular structures or surgical instruments are remaining barriers, which discourage the widespread clinical use of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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33. The Historical Evolution of Ocular Tuberculosis: Past, Present, and Future.

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Gunasekeran, Dinesh Visva, Kempen, John, Smith, Justine R., McCluskey, Peter, Nguyen, Quan Dong, Pavesio, Carlos, Gupta, Vishali, and Agrawal, Rupesh

Abstract

Ocular involvement is a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. Four key issues historically faced by clinicians when diagnosing and treating ocular tuberculosis – diagnostic uncertainty, naturally heterogeneous presentations, limitations of existing laboratory diagnostic tools, and non-uniform treatment guidelines – continue to test today's physicians. Unparalleled scientific and clinical developments over the past century have greatly expanded the knowledge surrounding this challenging ophthalmic condition. Experience with large volumes of cases at tuberculosis-endemic centres has led to recent growth in knowledge and physician experience, perhaps more so in developing countries. Looking forward, the role of diverse new technologies, including artificial intelligence and proteomics, will advance ocular tuberculosis research. Efforts have been made to address the lack of standardized nomenclature, diagnostic uncertainty, and unvalidated, geographically variable treatment guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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35. Choroidal vascularity index: a step towards software as a medical device

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Ding, Jianbin, additional, Wei, Xin, additional, Lee, Jia Min, additional, Grewal, Dilraj S, additional, Fekrat, Sharon, additional, Sadda, Srinivas R, additional, Zarbin, Marco A, additional, Agarwal, Aniruddha, additional, Gupta, Vishali, additional, Schmetterer, Leopold, additional, and Agrawal, Rupesh, additional

Published
2021
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38. Gender Prediction for a Multiethnic Population via Deep Learning Across Different Retinal Fundus Photograph Fields: Retrospective Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, primary, Yang, Henrik Hee Seung, additional, Thakur, Sahil, additional, Yu, Marco, additional, Quek, Ten Cheer, additional, Soh, Zhi Da, additional, Lee, Geunyoung, additional, Tham, Yih-Chung, additional, Wong, Tien Yin, additional, Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, additional, and Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional

Published
2020
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39. The Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study (COTS)-1: A Multinational Review of 447 Patients with Tubercular Intermediate Uveitis and Panuveitis

Author

Agrawal, Rupesh, primary, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Testi, Ilaria, additional, Mahajan, Sarakshi, additional, Agarwal, Aniruddha, additional, Gunasekeran, Dinesh Visva, additional, Raje, Dhananjay, additional, Aggarwal, Kanika, additional, Murthy, Somasheila I, additional, Westcott, Mark, additional, Chee, Soon-Phaik, additional, McCluskey, Peter, additional, Ho, Su Ling, additional, Teoh, Stephen, additional, Cimino, Luca, additional, Biswas, Jyotirmay, additional, Narain, Shishir, additional, Agarwal, Manisha, additional, Mahendradas, Padmamalini, additional, Khairallah, Moncef, additional, Jones, Nicholas, additional, Tugal-Tutkun, Ilknur, additional, Babu, Kalpana, additional, Basu, Soumayava, additional, Carreño, Ester, additional, Lee, Richard, additional, Al-Dhibi, Hassan, additional, Bodaghi, Bahram, additional, Invernizzi, Alessandro, additional, Goldstein, Debra A, additional, Barisani-Asenbauer, Talin, additional, González-López, Julio J, additional, Androudi, Sofia, additional, Bansal, Reema, additional, Moharana, Bruttendu, additional, Esposti, Simona Degli, additional, Tasiopoulou, Anastasia, additional, Nadarajah, Sengal, additional, Agarwal, Mamta, additional, Abraham, Sharanaya, additional, Vala, Ruchi, additional, Singh, Ramandeep, additional, Sharma, Aman, additional, Sharma, Kusum, additional, Zierhut, Manfred, additional, Kon, Onn Min, additional, Cunningham, Emmett T, additional, Kempen, John H, additional, Nguyen, Quan Dong, additional, Pavesio, Carlos, additional, and Gupta, Vishali, additional

Published
2020
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40. Detection of features associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in ethnically distinct data sets by an optical coherence tomography: trained deep learning algorithm

Author

Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, primary, Lee, Aaron Y, additional, Ting, Daniel S, additional, Teo, Kelvin, additional, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, additional, Teo, Zhen Ling, additional, Yoo, Tea Keun, additional, Lee, Geunyoung, additional, Kim, Youngnam, additional, Lin, Andrew C, additional, Kim, Seong Eun, additional, Tham, Yih Chung, additional, Kim, Sung Soo, additional, Cheng, Ching-Yu, additional, Wong, Tien Yin, additional, and Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy, additional

Published
2020
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42. Detection of features associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in ethnically distinct data sets by an optical coherence tomography: trained deep learning algorithm.

Author

Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek, Lee, Aaron Y., Ting, Daniel S., Kelvin Teo, Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Zhen Ling Teo, Tea Keun Yoo, Geunyoung Lee, Youngnam Kim, Lin, Andrew C., Seong Eun Kim, Yih Chung Tham, Sung Soo Kim, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, and Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung

Abstract

Background The ability of deep learning (DL) algorithms to identify eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans has been previously established. We herewith evaluate the ability of a DL model, showing excellent performance on a Korean data set, to generalse onto an American data set despite ethnic differences. In addition, expert graders were surveyed to verify if the DL model was appropriately identifying lesions indicative of nAMD on the OCT scans. Methods Model development data set--12 247 OCT scans from South Korea; external validation data set--91 509 OCT scans from Washington, USA. In both data sets, normal eyes or eyes with nAMD were included. After internal testing, the algorithm was sent to the University of Washington, USA, for external validation. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and precision-recall curve (AUPRC) were calculated. For model explanation, saliency maps were generated using Guided GradCAM. Results On external validation, AUC and AUPRC remained high at 0.952 (95% CI 0.942 to 0.962) and 0.891 (95% CI 0.875 to 0.908) at the individual level. Saliency maps showed that in normal OCT scans, the fovea was the main area of interest; in nAMD OCT scans, the appropriate pathological features were areas of model interest. Survey of 10 retina specialists confirmed this. Conclusion Our DL algorithm exhibited high performance for nAMD identification in a Korean population, and generalised well to an ethnically distinct, American population. The model correctly focused on the differences within the macular area to extract features associated with nAMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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43. Choroidal vascularity index: a step towards software as a medical device

Author

Betzler, Bjorn Kaijun, Ding, Jianbin, Wei, Xin, Lee, Jia Min, Grewal, Dilraj S, Fekrat, Sharon, Sadda, Srinivas R, Zarbin, Marco A, Agarwal, Aniruddha, Gupta, Vishali, Schmetterer, Leopold, and Agrawal, Rupesh

Abstract

The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) is a relatively new parameter, calculated off optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, for the quantitative evaluation of choroid vascularity. It is defined as the ratio of vascular area to the total choroidal area, presented as a percentage. The choroid is an important vascular bed, often implicated in ocular and systemic conditions. Since the introduction of CVI, multiple studies have evaluated its efficacy as a tool for disease prognostication and monitoring progression, with promising results. The CVI was born out of the need for more robust and accurate evaluations of choroidal vasculature, as prior parameters such as choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel diameter had their limitations. In this review, we summarise current literature on the CVI, explain how the CVI is derived and explore its potential integration into future research and translation into clinical care. This includes the application of CVI in various disease states, and ongoing attempts to produce an automated algorithm which can calculate CVI from OCT images.

Published
2022
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44. Combined Phacoemulsification and Hydrus Microstent Implantation in Asian Eyes with Moderate-to-Severe Normal Tension Glaucoma - 12-Month Outcomes.

Author

Ang BCH, Chen EJ, Chee WK, Betzler BK, Chua CH, Yip VCH, and Yip LWL

Abstract

Precis: This study reports 12-month outcomes of combined phacoemulsification and Hydrus Microstent implantation in Asian eyes with moderate-to-severe normal tension glaucoma, demonstrating a significant reduction in glaucoma medications with an excellent intra- and post-operative safety profile., Purpose: To evaluate the 12-month safety and efficacy outcomes of combined phacoemulsification and Hydrus Microstent (Ivantis Inc., Irvine, CA) implantation in Asian eyes with moderate to severe normal tension glaucoma (NTG)., Methods: Retrospective study of consecutive surgeries performed from August 2019 to August 2021 in a single tertiary eye centre in Singapore. Outcome measures included reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, and intra- and post-operative complications., Results: Data from 21 eyes of 21 subjects was analysed. All subjects were ethnic Chinese and majority were male (14, 66.7%). At baseline, mean IOP was 13.3 (2.3) mmHg, all eyes had a Humphrey Visual Field (HVF) mean deviation (MD) of ≥-6 dB [mean -13.9 (4.3) dB] and all eyes were on at least one glaucoma medication. There was no statistically significant reduction in IOP at all timepoints compared to baseline (all P>0.05). However, median number of medications was reduced from 2 to 0 at all timepoints, up to POM12 (all P<0.001). There were no intraoperative complications. No eyes underwent secondary glaucoma procedures nor lost any Snellen's line of visual acuity by POM12. One (4.8%) eye experienced numerical hypotony at POD1, which resolved conservatively. Two (9.5%) eyes underwent laser iridoplasty for stent occlusion by iris. There was no deterioration in HVF MD at POM12 compared to baseline (n=20, P>0.05)., Conclusion: Combined phacoemulsification and Hydrus Microstent implantation was effective in reducing medication burden in Asian eyes with moderate to severe NTG, up to 12 months post-operatively., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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