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2. DEFT: Detection Embeddings for Tracking

Author

Chaabane, Mohamed, Zhang, Peter, Beveridge, J. Ross, and O'Hara, Stephen

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Most modern multiple object tracking (MOT) systems follow the tracking-by-detection paradigm, consisting of a detector followed by a method for associating detections into tracks. There is a long history in tracking of combining motion and appearance features to provide robustness to occlusions and other challenges, but typically this comes with the trade-off of a more complex and slower implementation. Recent successes on popular 2D tracking benchmarks indicate that top-scores can be achieved using a state-of-the-art detector and relatively simple associations relying on single-frame spatial offsets -- notably outperforming contemporary methods that leverage learned appearance features to help re-identify lost tracks. In this paper, we propose an efficient joint detection and tracking model named DEFT, or "Detection Embeddings for Tracking." Our approach relies on an appearance-based object matching network jointly-learned with an underlying object detection network. An LSTM is also added to capture motion constraints. DEFT has comparable accuracy and speed to the top methods on 2D online tracking leaderboards while having significant advantages in robustness when applied to more challenging tracking data. DEFT raises the bar on the nuScenes monocular 3D tracking challenge, more than doubling the performance of the previous top method. Code is publicly available., Comment: Accepted at CVPR 2021, ADP3 Workshop on Autonomous Driving: Perception, Prediction and Planning

Published
2021

3. Face Detection in Repeated Settings

Author

Teli, Mohammad Nayeem, Draper, Bruce A., and Beveridge, J. Ross

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Face detection is an important first step before face verification and recognition. In unconstrained settings it is still an open challenge because of the variation in pose, lighting, scale, background and location. However, for the purposes of verification we can have a control on background and location. Images are primarily captured in places such as the entrance to a sensitive building, in front of a door or some location where the background does not change. We present a correlation based face detection algorithm to detect faces in such settings, where we control the location, and leave lighting, pose, and scale uncontrolled. In these scenarios the results indicate that our algorithm is easy and fast to train, outperforms Viola and Jones face detection accuracy and is faster to test., Comment: 14 pages, 21 figures

Published
2019

5. Inception and ResNet: Same Training, Same Features

Author

McNeely-White, David G., Beveridge, J. Ross, Draper, Bruce A., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Samsonovich, Alexei V., editor

Published
2020
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7. Looking Under the Hood: Visualizing What LSTMs Learn

Author

Patil, Dhruva, Draper, Bruce A., Beveridge, J. Ross, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Woeginger, Gerhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Karray, Fakhri, editor, Campilho, Aurélio, editor, and Yu, Alfred, editor

Published
2019
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8. Resonant Scattering of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms and Dynamics of Muonic Molecular Complex

Author

TRIUMF Munoic Hydrogen Collaboration, Fujiwara, M. C., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Faifman, M. P., Huber, T. M., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Maier, M., Markushin, V. E., Marshall, G. M., Martoff, C. J., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., Wozniak, J., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Resonant scattering of muonic hydrogen atoms via back decay of molecular complex, a key process in the understanding of epithermal muonic molecular formation, is analyzed. The limitations of the effective rate approximation are discussed and the importance of the explicit treatment of the back decay is stressed. An expression of the energy distribution for the back-decayed atoms is given., Comment: 5pages, contribution to RIKEN International Symposium on Muon Catalyzed Fusion, to be published in Hyperfine Interactions

Published
2001

9. Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules

Author

TRIUMF Muonic Hydrogen Collaboration, Fujiwara, M. C., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Faifman, M. P., Huber, T. M., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Markushin, V. E., Marshall, G. M., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Studies of muonic hydrogen atoms and molecules have been performed traditionally in bulk targets of gas, liquid or solid. At TRIUMF, Canada's meson facility, we have developed a new type of target system using multilayer thin films of solid hydrogen, which provides a beam of muonic hydrogen atoms in vacuum. Using the time-of-flight of the muonic atoms, the energy-dependent information of muonic reactions are obtained in direct manner. We discuss some unique measurements enabled by the new technique, with emphasis on processes relevant to muon catalyzed fusion., Comment: Contribution to Hydrogen Atom II --- Precise Physics with Simple Atomic Systems (Springer, Berlin)

Published
2001

10. Using Thin Film Targets for Muonic Atoms and Muon Catalyzed Fusion Studies

Author

TRIUMF Munoic Hydrogen Collaboration, Fujiwara, M. C., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Faifman, M. P., Huber, T. M., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Markushin, V. E., Marshall, G. M., Martoff, C. J., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Studies of muonic atoms and muon catalyzed fusion have been conventionally done in a bulk target of gas, liquid or solid hydrogen isotopes. The use of thin film targets developed at TRIUMF have notable advantages in tackling some of the most important questions in the field, which could be further exploited at future high intensity muon sources. We review the technique of the thin film method with emphasis on recent results and a future proposal., Comment: Talk given at KEK International Workshop on High Intensity Muon Sources, HIMUS-99

Published
2000

11. Resonant Formation of $d\mu t$ Molecules in Deuterium: An Atomic Beam Measurement of Muon Catalyzed dt Fusion

Author

TRIUMF Munoic Hydrogen Collaboration, Fujiwara, M. C., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Faifman, M. P., Huber, T. M., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Maier, M., Markushin, V. E., Marshall, G. M., Martoff, C. J., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., Wozniak, J., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Resonant formation of $d\mu t$ molecules in collisions of muonic tritium ($\mu t$) on D$_2$ was investigated using a beam of $\mu t$ atoms, demonstrating a new direct approach in muon catalyzed fusion studies. Strong epithermal resonances in $d\mu t$ formation were directly revealed for the first time. From the time-of-flight analysis of $2036\pm 116$ $dt$ fusion events, a formation rate consistent with $0.73\pm (0.16)_{meas} \pm (0.09)_{model}$ times the theoretical prediction was obtained. For the largest peak at a resonance energy of $0.423 \pm 0.037$ eV, this corresponds to a rate of $(7.1 \pm 1.8) \times 10^9$ s$^{-1}$, more than an order of magnitude larger than those at low energies., Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett

Published
2000
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12. Muon Catalyzed Fusion in 3 K Solid Deuterium

Author

Knowles, P. E., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Fujiwara, M. C., Huber, T. M., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Kunselman, A. R., Marshall, G. M., Martoff, C. J., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Muon catalyzed fusion in deuterium has traditionally been studied in gaseous and liquid targets. The TRIUMF solid-hydrogen-layer target system has been used to study the fusion reaction rates in the solid phase of D_2 at a target temperature of 3 K. Products of two distinct branches of the reaction were observed; neutrons by a liquid organic scintillator, and protons by a silicon detector located inside the target system. The effective molecular formation rate from the upper hyperfine state of $\mu d$ and the hyperfine transition rate have been measured: $\tilde{\lambda}_(3/2)=2.71(7)_{stat.}(32)_{syst.} \mu/s$, and $\tilde{\lambda}_{(3/2)(1/2)} =34.2(8)_{stat.}(1)_{syst.} \mu /s$. The molecular formation rate is consistent with other recent measurements, but not with the theory for isolated molecules. The discrepancy may be due to incomplete thermalization, an effect which was investigated by Monte Carlo calculations. Information on branching ratio parameters for the s and p wave d+d nuclear interaction has been extracted., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, submitted to PRA Feb 20, 1997

Published
1997
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13. Characterization of Solidified Gas Thin Film Targets via Alpha Particle Energy Loss

Author

MUH collaboration, Fujiwara, M. C., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Douglas, J. L., Huber, T. M., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Maier, M., Marshall, G. M., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., and Zmeskal, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A method is reported for measuring the thickness and uniformity of thin films of solidified gas targets. The energy of alpha particles traversing the film is measured and the energy loss is converted to thickness using the stopping power. The uniformity is determined by measuring the thickness at different positions with an array of sources. Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to study the film deposition mechanism. Thickness calibrations for a TRIUMF solid hydrogen target system are presented., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures (psfig), submitted to Nucl. Intrum. Meth. A

Published
1996
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15. Flag Manifolds for the Characterization of Geometric Structure in Large Data Sets

Author

Marrinan, Tim, Beveridge, J. Ross, Draper, Bruce, Kirby, Michael, Peterson, Chris, Barth, Timothy J., Series editor, Griebel, Michael, Series editor, Keyes, David E., Series editor, Nieminen, Risto M., Series editor, Roose, Dirk, Series editor, Schlick, Tamar, Series editor, Abdulle, Assyr, editor, Deparis, Simone, editor, Kressner, Daniel, editor, Nobile, Fabio, editor, and Picasso, Marco, editor

Published
2015
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17. Conclusions

Author

Stevens, Mark R., Beveridge, J. Ross, Stevens, Mark R., and Beveridge, J. Ross

Published
2001
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18. Evaluation

Author

Stevens, Mark R., Beveridge, J. Ross, Stevens, Mark R., and Beveridge, J. Ross

Published
2001
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22. Introduction

Author

Stevens, Mark R., Beveridge, J. Ross, Stevens, Mark R., and Beveridge, J. Ross

Published
2001
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24. Automatically Searching for Optimal Parameter Settings Using a Genetic Algorithm

Author

Bolme, David S., Beveridge, J. Ross, Draper, Bruce A., Phillips, P. Jonathon, Lui, Yui Man, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Crowley, James L., editor, Draper, Bruce A., editor, and Thonnat, Monique, editor

Published
2011
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25. FaceL: Facile Face Labeling

Author

Bolme, David S., Beveridge, J. Ross, Draper, Bruce A., Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Fritz, Mario, editor, Schiele, Bernt, editor, and Piater, Justus H., editor

Published
2009
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26. Overview of the Multiple Biometrics Grand Challenge

Author

Phillips, P. Jonathon, Flynn, Patrick J., Beveridge, J. Ross, Scruggs, W. Todd, O’Toole, Alice J., Bolme, David, Bowyer, Kevin W., Draper, Bruce A., Givens, Geof H., Lui, Yui Man, Sahibzada, Hassan, Scallan, Joseph A., III, Weimer, Samuel, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Tistarelli, Massimo, editor, and Nixon, Mark S., editor

Published
2009
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27. Grassmann Registration Manifolds for Face Recognition

Author

Lui, Yui Man, Beveridge, J. Ross, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Forsyth, David, editor, Torr, Philip, editor, and Zisserman, Andrew, editor

Published
2008
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28. Recognition of Digital Images of the Human Face at Ultra Low Resolution Via Illumination Spaces

Author

Chang, Jen-Mei, Kirby, Michael, Kley, Holger, Peterson, Chris, Draper, Bruce, Beveridge, J. Ross, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Yagi, Yasushi, editor, Kang, Sing Bing, editor, Kweon, In So, editor, and Zha, Hongbin, editor

Published
2007
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29. Using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model to Study the Configuration Space of a PCA+LDA Human Face Recognition Algorithm

Author

Givens, Geof H., Beveridge, J. Ross, Draper, Bruce A., Bolme, David, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Dough, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Perales, Francisco J., editor, and Draper, Bruce A., editor

Published
2004
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31. Time-of-Flight Spectroscopy of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules

Author

Fujiwara, M. C., Adamczak, A., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Faifman, M. P., Huber, T. M., Kammel, P., Kim, S. K., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Markushin, V. E., Marshall, G. M., Mason, G. R., Mulhauser, F., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Porcelli, T. A., Zmeskal, J., Beig, R., editor, Ehlers, J., editor, Frisch, U., editor, Hepp, K., editor, Hillebrandt, W., editor, Imboden, D., editor, Jaffe, R. L., editor, Kippenhahn, R., editor, Lipowsky, R., editor, Löhneysen, H. v., editor, Ojima, I., editor, Weidenmüller, H. A., editor, Wess, J., editor, Zittartz, J., editor, Karshenboim, Savely G., editor, Bassani, F., editor, Pavone, F.S., editor, Inguscio, M., editor, and Hänsch, T.W., editor

Published
2001
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32. Compiling SA-C Programs to FPGAs: Performance Results

Author

Draper, Bruce A., Böhm, A. P. Willem, Hammes, Jeff, Najjar, Walid, Beveridge, J. Ross, Ross, Charlie, Chawathe, Monica, Desai, Mitesh, Bins, José, Goos, Gerhard, editor, Hartmanis, Juris, editor, van Leeuwen, Jan, editor, Schiele, Bernt, editor, and Sagerer, Gerhard, editor

Published
2001
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34. Hot Muonic Deuterium and Tritium from Cold Targets

Author

Marshall, G. M., Beveridge, J. L., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Knowles, P. E., Mason, G. R., Olin, A., Brewer, J. H., Forster, B. M., Huber, T. M., Pippitt, B., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Schellenberg, L., Kammel, P., Zmeskal, J., Kunselman, A. R., Martoff, C. J., Petitjean, C., Osterwalder, K., editor, Schaller, Lukas A., editor, and Petitjean, Claude, editor

Published
1993
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35. Detection of Hot Muonic Hydrogen Atoms Emitted in Vacuum Using X-Rays

Author

Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Knowles, P. E., Mason, G. R., Olin, A., Beveridge, J. L., Marshall, G. M., Brewer, J. H., Forster, B. M., Huber, T. M., Kammel, P., Zmeskal, J., Kunselman, A. R., Petitjean, C., Osterwalder, K., editor, Schaller, Lukas A., editor, and Petitjean, Claude, editor

Published
1993
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36. Reactions of muonic hydrogen isotopes

Author

Marshall, G. M., Bailey, J. M., Beer, G. A., Beveridge, J. L., Brewer, J. H., Forster, B. M., Hardy, W. N., Huber, T. M., Jacot-Guillarmod, R., Kammel, P., Knowles, P. E., Kunselman, A. R., Mason, G. R., Olin, A., Petitjean, C., Zmeskal, J., Jungmann, Klaus, editor, Hughes, Vernon W., editor, and zu Putlitz, Gisbert, editor

Published
1992
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42. Public School Achievements of Typical American Cities

Author

MEEK, CHARLES S., STUDEBAKER, J. W., THRELKELD, A. L., BEVERIDGE, J. H., OBERHOLTZER, E. E., HARTWELL, E. C., BROOME, E. C., WILSON, JOHN R., KEITH, ALLEN P., JONES, R. G., CODY, FRANK, CHAPMAN, IRA T., BURKE, J. E., STETSON, PAUL C., HUGHEY, A. H., PRATT, ORVILLE C., GLENN, C. B., HARTLEY, B. W., GIVENS, WILLARD E., BARTON, J. R., COLE, THOMAS R., WEGLEIN, DAVID E., and GWINN, J. M.

Published
1930

46. Principal angles separate subject illumination spaces in YDB and CMU-PIE

Author

Beveridge, J. Ross, Draper, Bruce A., Chang, Jen-Mei, Kirby, Michael, Kley, Holger, and Peterson, Chris

Subjects
Electric lighting -- Influence, Lighting -- Influence, Image processing -- Methods
Abstract

The theory of illumination subspaces is well developed and has been tested extensively on the Yale Face Database B (YDB) and CMU-PIE (PIE) data sets. This paper shows that if face recognition under varying illumination is cast as a problem of matching sets of images to sets of images, then the minimal principal angle between subspaces is sufficient to perfectly separate matching pairs of image sets from nonmatching pairs of image sets sampled from YDB and PIE. This is true even for subspaces estimated from as few as six images and when one of the subspaces is estimated from as few as three images if the second subspace is estimated from a larger set (10 or more). This suggests that variation under illumination may be thought of as useful discriminating information rather than unwanted noise. Index Terms--Face recognition, illumination subspaces, principal angle, set-to-set classification.

Published
2009

47. Conditional recurrence-free survival of clinical complete responders managed by watch and wait after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database: a retrospective, international, multicentre registry study

Author

Fernandez, L. M., Sao Juliao, G. P., Figueiredo, N. L., Beets, G. L., van der Valk, M. J. M., Bahadoer, R. R., Hilling, D. E., Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, E., Roodvoets, A. G. H., Renehan, A. G., van de Velde, C. J. H., Habr-Gama, A., Perez, R. O., Abdelrazeq, A., Asoglu, O., Barroca, R., Beveridge, J., Bhowmick, A., Blower, A., Braun, M., Bujko, K., Carter, P., Carvalho, C., Coco, C., Cunningham, C., D'Hoore, A., Dimofte, G., Ding, P., Duff, S., Dwyer, S. T., Epstein, J., Evans, D., Fulford, P., Gaertner, W., Gerard, J. -P., Gollins, S., Harris, R., Harrison, J., Heat, J., Hill, J., Hobbiss, J., Huertas, E., Huq, Z., Iseas, S., Jakobsen, A., Jones, D., Jones, L., Khan, U., Kushwaha, R., Lees, N., Linn, T. Y., Loganathan, S., Lopez Campos, F., Madoff, R., Mamedli, Z. Z., Martling, A., Matzel, K. E., Melenhorst, J., Mitchell, P., Murad-Regadas, S. M., O'Dwyer, S. T., Pairola, A., Paraoan, M., Pares, O., Peeters, K. C. M. J., Pettit, S. H., Pranesh, N., Rajaganeshan, R., Ravi, S., Rawat, S., Richards, D., Riyad, K., Rossi, G., Rutten, H. J. T., Saeed, M., Salaman, J., Sanchez Loria, F., Van der Sande, M. E., Santiago, I., Selvasekar, C., Siddiqui, K. H., Smart, C., Solkar, M. H., Sun Myint, A., Taylor, B., Telford, K., Scott, N., Vaccaro, C. A., Vailati, B. B., Verberne, C., Vieira, P., Vimalchandran, D., Ward, S., Wilson, M. S., Winter, D. C., Witjes, C., Wolthuis, A. M., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Coco C. (ORCID:0000-0002-4713-7093), Fernandez, L. M., Sao Juliao, G. P., Figueiredo, N. L., Beets, G. L., van der Valk, M. J. M., Bahadoer, R. R., Hilling, D. E., Meershoek-Klein Kranenbarg, E., Roodvoets, A. G. H., Renehan, A. G., van de Velde, C. J. H., Habr-Gama, A., Perez, R. O., Abdelrazeq, A., Asoglu, O., Barroca, R., Beveridge, J., Bhowmick, A., Blower, A., Braun, M., Bujko, K., Carter, P., Carvalho, C., Coco, C., Cunningham, C., D'Hoore, A., Dimofte, G., Ding, P., Duff, S., Dwyer, S. T., Epstein, J., Evans, D., Fulford, P., Gaertner, W., Gerard, J. -P., Gollins, S., Harris, R., Harrison, J., Heat, J., Hill, J., Hobbiss, J., Huertas, E., Huq, Z., Iseas, S., Jakobsen, A., Jones, D., Jones, L., Khan, U., Kushwaha, R., Lees, N., Linn, T. Y., Loganathan, S., Lopez Campos, F., Madoff, R., Mamedli, Z. Z., Martling, A., Matzel, K. E., Melenhorst, J., Mitchell, P., Murad-Regadas, S. M., O'Dwyer, S. T., Pairola, A., Paraoan, M., Pares, O., Peeters, K. C. M. J., Pettit, S. H., Pranesh, N., Rajaganeshan, R., Ravi, S., Rawat, S., Richards, D., Riyad, K., Rossi, G., Rutten, H. J. T., Saeed, M., Salaman, J., Sanchez Loria, F., Van der Sande, M. E., Santiago, I., Selvasekar, C., Siddiqui, K. H., Smart, C., Solkar, M. H., Sun Myint, A., Taylor, B., Telford, K., Scott, N., Vaccaro, C. A., Vailati, B. B., Verberne, C., Vieira, P., Vimalchandran, D., Ward, S., Wilson, M. S., Winter, D. C., Witjes, C., Wolthuis, A. M., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., and Coco C. (ORCID:0000-0002-4713-7093)

Abstract

Background: Watch and wait is a novel management strategy in patients with rectal cancer who have a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Surveillance of these patients is generally intensive, because local regrowth (with the potential for salvage) occurs in 25% of patients, and distant metastases occur in 10% of patients. It is unclear for how long these patients should be followed up. To address this issue, we did conditional survival modelling using the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD), which is a large-scale registry of patients with a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy who have been managed by a watch-and-wait strategy. Methods: We did a retrospective, multicentre registry study using a dataset from the IWWD, which includes data from 47 clinics across 15 countries. We selected patients (aged ≥18 years) with rectal cancer who had a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and who were subsequently managed by a watch-and-wait strategy between Nov 25, 1991, and Dec 31, 2015. Patients who had not achieved a clinical complete response or who had undergone any surgical procedure were excluded. The criteria used for defining a clinical complete response and the specific surveillance strategies were at the discretion of each participating centre. We used conditional survival modelling to estimate the probability of patients remaining free of local regrowth or distant metastasis for an additional 2 years after sustaining a clinical complete response or being distant metastasis-free for 1, 3, and 5 years from the date of the decision to commence watch and wait. The primary outcomes were conditional local regrowth-free survival at 3 years, and conditional distant metastasis-free survival at 5 years. Findings: We identified 793 patients in the IWWD with clinical complete response who had been managed by a watch-and-wait strategy. Median follow-up was 55·2 months (IQR 36·0–75·6). The probabilit

Published
2021

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