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This study aims to describe pathologic fractures of the jaws due to cystic bone lesions. Their daily clinical practice findings are not very common, so their treatment can be challenging. In addition, endosseous benign lesions like a radicular, residual, solitary, aneurysmal cyst, and odontogenic keratocyst, might weaken the bone so that trauma, or usual chewing, could break it. We follow from the first clinical examination to the X-ray or CBCT examination and surgical management of our patients, reporting all procedures and results to explain our approach to these cases. We also reviewed the literature briefly to determine if our operative management is in line with the scientific community. Mandibular angle and body are common locations, while symphysis and condyle are less so. Young men are the most affected, and trauma is the most triggering event. Cyst enucleation, followed by fracture reduction and fixation, is the treatment of choice for our clinical team and the scientific community. We observe how impactful it is to approach the cavity of the cystic lesion from the fracture line as the surgical gold standard

IDEHA (Innovation for Data Elaboration in Heritage Areas), is a PON project coordinated by CNR, aimed to an open platform for real-time aggregation of Cultural Heritage elements (sites, monuments, etc.) data, and their "packaging" in sets of informations for different targets of outlined public. The main tool conceived for displaying data (spread from different sources: news, digital libraries, IoT, etc.) is an immersive viewer capable of displaying 360° images and videos, all multimedia inserts html5-compatible, and multi-language audio-synthesized messages. Such a tool is presented here. It has been planned thanks to the effort of CNR and Engineering, and will be released in order to become a trigger of further initiatives both commercial and free.

Aim: to assess the fracture resistance of maxillary molars restored using lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LDG) table-top restorations fabricated with two different production protocols. Methods: sixteen maxillary molars were randomly assigned to two groups (n = 8). The teeth received a preparation for a full-coverage table-top restoration with a 90° rounded shoulder margin. Restorations were fabricated using monolithic LDG blocks milled via Cerec 3 CAD/CAM System in group 1 (G1) and heat-pressed LDG in group 2 (G2). All table-tops were luted with Variolink II cement. The specimens were loaded to fracture after thermomechanical aging (1 250 000 cycles). A qualitative analysis on the type of fracture was conducted. Collected data were statistically analyzed with non-parametric test (Mann Whitney U-test). Results: the mean load to fracture was 2395.01 ± 150.96 N in G1 and 1796.58 ± 307.27 N in G2; the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The majority of the specimens showed restorable fractures (6 specimens in G1 and 6 specimens in G2). Conclusion: the milled CAD/CAM LDG table-top restorations withstood higher load before fracturing than the restorations made with the heat-pressed LDG production protocol.

Aim: the following work assessed the behavior of human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSC) on PEEK and Titanium samples, in particular their ability to adhere, proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts. Methods: surface modifications were made to the samples by pre-established protocols of sandblasting and laser micropatterning, to modulate surface roughness. After roughening treatments, samples were divided into two groups: nontreated and treated with air-plasma cleaning process to modulate surface wettability. The hDPSCs were harvested from dental elements and, after expansion in the proper medium, were seeded on the samples to study their behavior. The analyses for the adhesion and the proliferation were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Alamar Blue test, while the differentiation in osteoblasts was evaluated by measuring AlkalinePhosphatase activity. Results: all the samples tested are able to support hDPSCs adhesion, proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts with differences depending on the material nature and surface. Laser micropatterned titanium samples, in particular, were the best performing in terms of cell differentiation. Air-plasma treatment does not affect cell adhesion and proliferation but improves cell differentiation, in particular on Titanium samples. Conclusion: PEEK and Titanium are confirmed as excellent materials to support the adhesion, the proliferation and the differentiation of the hDPSCs. The biological behavior is strong

Aim: the aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of two different dosages of dexamethasone, i.e. 2 and 4 mg injected submucosally to reduce postoperative discomfort after mandibular third molar surgery. Methods: the study was conducted on 150 patients subjected to surgical removal of an impacted third molar. Patients were randomly divided into three groups: G1 (n = 50) received 4 mg/1 ml dexamethasone submucosally; G2 (n = 50) received 2 mg/0,5 ml dexamethasone submucosally; G3 (n = 50) received saline submucosally. The drug was administered after wound closure through silk sutures. Pain, swelling, trismus, analgesic consumption and operation time were comparatively evaluated at three different time point: T0 before surgery, T1 on 3rd and T2 on 7th day after surgery. The sutures were removed on the 7th day. Results: G2 showed statistically significant reduction in swelling considering male gender. The differences between the time points where statistically significant in G2 under 25 years old when trismus was analyzed. Difference between G2 and G3 was statistically significant at T1 when compared in painkillers assumption. Conclusion: it can be concluded that better post-operative values were obtained with 2 mg dexamethasone infiltration in order to reduce trismus in subjects under 25 years old. The statistical analysis showed positive effects in female patients with 4 mg dose of dexamethasone in the aperture evaluation and oedema.

The thesis starts from the observation that a significant number of novels from the 1990s and early 2000s present two salient stylistic features. First, they are sprawling with characters; second, these fictional renditions often read as ‘flat’, in that they are endowed with little psychological specificity. I contend that the sub-genre I identify as the ‘neoliberal novel’ originates at the intersection of these two traits, and that its specimens can be said to be ‘neoliberal’ inasmuch as they respond to the challenges posed by their historical juncture. Through their deployment of characters, these novels delineate the problematic nature of the idea of ‘person’ in the age of neoliberalism and elaborate varieties of perception and experience that can be said to be ‘impersonal’. Often, in the neoliberal novel, flatness of character represents impersonality, and the latter is consistently associated with the specifically biopolitical aspects of neoliberal ideology. In order to explore these issues, I read four novels from the United States and Latin America: David Foster Wallace’s Infinite Jest (1996), Don DeLillo’s Underworld (1997), Salvador Benesdra’s El traductor (1998) and Roberto Bolaño’s 2666 (2004). I contend that the American hemisphere is particularly productive as a point of observation of the general workings of the ‘neoliberal novel’ in that the historical facts surrounding the spread of neoliberal policies and practices in the region makes the continent a compendium of its stratified social and anthropological effects. Finally, I conclude that impersonality per se, while offering an escape route from the traps of liberal individualism, does not stand in any definite relationship to either authority or social change. Rather, it represents the plane of contrast in which the two constantly made and re-made each other.

Aim: The aim of this clinical study is to evaluate and compare the relative ef cacy of two different dosages of dexamethasone, i.e. 2 and 4 mg injected submucosally to reduce postoperative discomfort, e.g. trismus and oedema after mandibular third molar surgery. Methods: A prospective randomized double blind study is still being conducted on 150 patients requiring surgical removal of an impacted third molar. Selected patients are divided randomly into three groups of 50 patients each: group I (literature’s gold standard) patients received one regimen single dose of 4 mg dexamethasone submucosally, group II (test) received one regimen single dose of 2 mg dexamethasone submucosally, and group III (control group), no dexamethasone was given but only received injection of normal saline submucosally. The drug was administered after the wound closure through silk sutures. Baseline measures were done pre-operatively as inter-incisal mouth opening width and three linear measurements for facial swelling. Each patient was instructed to assume 1 gr paracetamol exclusively. For pain assessing patients were required to take note on a survey form through an VAS scale and the paracetamol capsules amount. The postoperative sequelae were assessed using the same linear measurements on the second and seventh postoperative day. The sutures were removed on the seventh day post-surgery. Results: As compared to group III, group I showed statistically signi cant reduction in trismus and swelling whereas no statistically signi cant difference were found between the group II and group III. The statistical analysis showed that the dexamethasone treatment is more effective on the male gender. Conclusions: It can be concluded that dexamethasone is effective in curtailing the postoperative oedema and trismus of lower third molar surgery but have negligible analgesic effect, though keeping in mind that is still a work in progress because the sample size is yet to be reached. As no statistically signi cant di- erence is found between both the group II (2 mg) and control group, so within the con nes of our study, it may be concluded that 4 mg dexamethasone can be given safely to reduce the postoperative edema after the third molar surgery. Due to the gender pattern that has emerged from our statistical analysis, further high-quality study are needed to con rm this findings.

Since its introduction, piezoelectric bone surgery has established an important role in oral surgery and dental implantology. Piezoelectric surgery is efficient at preparing implant site osteotomies due to its selective cut, micro-streaming and cavitational effects, which preserve and maintain the soft tissue. Several advantages have been outlined in patient’s symptoms, both in terms of improved intraoperative comfort and postoperative course. The aim of this study was to compare implant insertion procedures using piezoelectric surgery or conventional drilling. Intra- and postoperative pain, implant site preparation time and learning curve were evaluated. Methods: A total of 13 (7 women/6 men, aged between 45 and 75 years) partially edentulous patients were rehabilitated with 40 titanium implants (n=20). Implant therapy consisted in the inclusion of at least two conical implants between 3.8 and 4.5 mm diameter with a maximum torque of 35 Ncm in randomised bilateral edentulous areas. First sites were prepared with piezodevice (test sites) and the contralateral ones with conventional drilling (control sites). Surgery was always performed by the same operator. Implant site preparation timing was measured from flap elevation until implant inclusion. Patients recorded their subjective intraoperative and postoperative pain daily for 7 days and at 15th day after surgery using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results: Patients treated with piezoelectric technique presented a lower VAS, minor swelling and less recovery time compared to the conventional technique. No operative complications were reported and the implant survival rate at 1 year was 100% for both the techniques. VAS significant differences were found for the test sites as intraoperative symptoms (p = 0.009), after 1 day (p = 0.010), 2 days (p = 0.016), 3 days (p = 0.017), 5 days (p = 0.015), 6 days (p = 0.018) and 7 days (p = 0.039). The average surgical times of implant sites preparation were: 10 (± 1.4) minutes for the test sites, and 7.00 (± 1.7) minutes for the control sites. In 69.2% of cases (9 of 13 patients) the operator has found advantages in terms of better access to the posterior sites, enhanced intraoperative visibility and insertion axis maintenance using the piezoelectric technique. The learning curve with piezodevice has seen a decrease in timing (rho = -0827, p = 0.001) from the first to the last intervention; whereas no significant difference was evaluated with the traditional method. Conclusion: Compared to traditional methods, piezoelectric technique enables optimal healing because it reduces the postsurgery swelling and discomfort. The average time necessary for the piezoelectric implant site osteotomy was approximately 3 minutes more than conventional technique.