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The present work was carried out to study the incidence and etiologies of anaemia in dogs. Out of a total of 1516 dogs presented at the Veterinary Clinical Complex of the College in Anand, 127 (7.86%) dogs were found with anaemia. These anaemic dogs were selected to detect etiologies of anaemia. The highest incidence of anaemia was due to haemorrhagic gastroenteritis (22.05 %) followed in descending order by organopathy (20.47 %), ectoparasitic infestations (15.75%), viral infections (14.96%), iron deficiency (7.87%), rickettsia infections (7.09%), endo-parasitic infections (6.30%), haemoprotozoa infections (2.36 %), pyometra (1.57%), drug and vaccine-associated cause and tumour (0.79%, each). The different etiologies studied in relation to age, sex, and different breed also revealed anaemia mainly due to parasites and haemorrhagic gastroenteritis in puppies and organopathy in older dogs, with a higher prevalence of haemorrhagic gastroenteritis followed by organopathy in both the sexes and also higher incidence in Labrador Retriever and nondescript breeds. This trend suggests the ameliorative measures that should be taken up on priority to prevent the occurrence of anaemia in dogs, particularly puppies and older dogs, and in males than the females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theileriosis is an economically important haemoprotozoan disease of cattle caused by Theileria spp. It causes production losses and mortality in dairy industry. A total of 135 cattle suspected of theileriosis were screened based on clinical signs and blood smear examination (Giemsa's stain). Out of them, 64 animals were diagnosed with theileriosis. Twenty-four cattle out of them were selected and divided into four equal groups, viz., B, C, D, and E, each comprised of six animals for four different treatment protocols to evaluate their therapeutic efficacy, while group A of six healthy cattle served as control. The most common clinical findings of theileriosis infected cattle (n = 24) in descending order were anorexia (100%), dullness and depression, decreased milk production, weakness, salivation, enlarged pre-scapular lymph nodes, pale conjunctival mucous membrane, presence of ticks over the body, emaciation, nasal discharge, cessation of rumination, lacrimation, diarrhea and sternal recumbency (8.33%). The mean rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were 104.5 ± 0.33° F, 79.5 ± 2.85/min and 42.83 ± 2.67/min, respectively. The haematological findings revealed decreased values of haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocytes count (TEC), lymphocytes, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and increased values of neutrophils, eosinophils, Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in theileriosis infected cattle as compared to healthy cattle. Biochemical findings revealed decreased values of total protein and albumin while increased total bilirubin, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in theileriosis-infected cattle. These altered haemato-biochemical profiles were found to be normalized by the 14th day in different treatment groups. The therapeutic efficacy of Buparvaquone 2 dose (Group B) and Buparvaquone plus Oxytetracycline LA (Group D) was better (100.00%) than the Arteether (Group C, 66.66%) and Arteether plus Oxytetracycline LA (Group E, 83.33%) in theileriosis infected cattle, hence may be advocated to the field veterinarians for effective treatment of theileriosis in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]