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Aims and Objective: To study the comparison of oxygen saturation values in supine and sitting position above 60 year old patients. Background: Changes in posture affect ventilation-perfusion rates, O2 transport and lungs volume in normal lungs. Study Design: An observational study. Methods: A preoperative observational study was conducted after the clearance from institutional ethical committee on 60 patients in department of Anaesthesiology, M.M.I.M.S.R, Mullana, Ambala Haryana, India. A sample of 60 elderly individuals with no heart disease, bleeding disorder, pain or anemia was included in the research. Individuals were positioned in two positions-supine and sitting. Oxygen saturation and pulse rates were then measured and recorded after the individuals held each position for ten minutes. Results: It was found that the average SpO2 value when measured while sitting in a chair was significantly higher than that measured when the individual was in supine body position. Hence, elderly patients, especially who have diminished cardio respiratory reserve, should be preferably made to sit rather than put in supine position for better vitals. Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze differences in hemodynamics viz-a-viz oxygen saturation levels, pulse rate between supine and sitting position. It was found that saturation levels were higher in patients made to sit rather than those in supine position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Continuous efforts are being taken to provide better postoperative quality of recovery especially in female patients in terms of both physical and emotional parameters after surgery and anaesthesia. Method: The present study was carried out in 70 female patients of ASA Grade I & II between the age group of 20-50 years scheduled to undergo lower abdominal surgery. They were randomly divided into two groups of 35 patients each to receive either table t duloxetine 60 mg or gabapentin 900 mg orally 3 hours prior to surgery and repeated 24 hours later with the same dose. Results: Both the groups were comparable regarding mean age and weight of the patients (Table I). There was highly significant difference in both mean and median values of quality of recovery in both the groups with better scores in the gabapentin group. The mean opioid requirement in group A was 2.83±1.20 and in group B was 1.90±1.04 which was also highly significant, p value 0.0009. Regarding patient satisfaction 54.28% patients in gabapentin group showed excellent satisfaction as compared to 28.50% patients in duloxetine group, p value 0.057. Side effects were observed more in Group A Conclusion: Gabpentin should be considered as an effective strategy for improving the postoperative quality of recovery and reducing the post-surgical narcotic consumption and related side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OOFDM) has recently been proposed and the proof-of-concept transmission experiments have shown its extreme robustness against chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion. In this paper Signal pre-distortion method is proposed to mitigate nonlinear effect from vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) optical system. We then evaluate the value of relative intensity to noise (RIN) for its optimum performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractive indices of water and several organic liquids have been determined by an accurate method using a He-Ne laser. The method is in principle simpler than those used normally for such measurements. The experimental arrangement presented here is capable of yielding results with an accuracy of the order of 2 × 10[sup -5]. Comparison between the measured values and precise published results shows that they are nearly same within experimental parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tight-fitting respirators are a critical component of respiratory protection against airborne diseases for health workers. However, they are not recommended for health workers with facial hair. Some health workers are unable to shave for religious or medical reasons. Under-mask beard covers have been proposed as a solution to allow health workers with facial hair to wear tight-fitting respirators. However, studies to date have been limited by their predominant reliance on qualitative rather than quantitative fit testing techniques., Aim: To assess the efficacy of under-mask beard covers in achieving an adequate seal with tight-fitting disposable P2/N95 respirators using quantitative fit testing., Methods: Bearded adult males underwent quantitative fit testing with an under-mask beard cover using either a TSI PortaCount Respirator Fit Tester 8038 or an AccuFit 9000 PRO fit testing device on up to five disposable P2/N95 respirators (3M 1860, 3M 1870+, BYD N95 Healthcare Particulate Respirator, BSN Medical ProShield N-95 Medium and Trident RTCFFP2). The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects that passed or failed quantitative fit testing with an under-mask beard cover., Findings: Thirty subjects were assessed; of these, 24 (80%) passed quantitative fit testing with at least one tight-fitting P2/N95 disposable respirator. Among these subjects, the median best-achieved fit factor was 200 (interquartile range 178-200). None of the subjects had an adverse reaction to the under-mask beard cover., Conclusion: The under-mask beard cover technique may be used to achieve a satisfactory seal with tight-fitting P2/N95 respirators in health workers with facial hair who cannot shave., (Crown Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To investigate four methods to measure the maximum dimension (MD) of metastatic neck nodes and correlate with clinical outcome in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)., Materials and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 712 NPC patients were analysed. MD measurements using methods 1, 2, 3, and 4 were obtained from a single node in the axial plane; a single node in the axial/coronal plane; a single and/or confluent nodes in the axial/coronal plane; and a single and/or confluent and/or contiguous nodes in the axial/coronal plane, respectively. MDs obtained from the four methods were correlated with nodal volume (NV) using Pearson's correlation test. MDs obtained from the four methods, T and N stages, age, gender, and treatment were correlated with overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), distant metastases free survival (DMFS), and regional relapse-free survival (RRFS) using cox regression., Results: Method 4 (R: 0.84) had the strongest correlation with NV followed by method 3 (R: 0.77), method 2 (R: 0.70) and method 1(R: 0.69). Method 4 was the only independent nodal measurement of OS, DSS, and DMFS (p-values = 0.008, <0.001 and <0.001, respectively). None of the MD methods was an independent measurement of RRFS., Conclusions: The best method to obtain the MD for staging incorporates not only single and confluent, but also contiguous metastatic nodes measured in the plane with the MD., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)