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1. Systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease: a conceptual framework for subclinical, clinical and progressive disease.

Author

Roofeh, David, Brown, Kevin, Kazerooni, Ella, Tashkin, Donald, Assassi, Shervin, Martinez, Fernando, Wells, Athol, Raghu, Ganesh, Denton, Christopher, Chung, Lorinda, Hoffmann-Vold, Anna-Maria, Distler, Oliver, Johannson, Kerri, Allanore, Yannick, Matteson, Eric, Kawano-Dourado, Leticia, Pauling, John, Seibold, James, Volkmann, Elizabeth, Walsh, Simon, Oddis, Chester, White, Eric, Barratt, Shaney, Bernstein, Elana, Domsic, Robyn, Dellaripa, Paul, Conway, Richard, Rosas, Ivan, Bhatt, Nitin, Hsu, Vivien, Ingegnoli, Francesca, Kahaleh, Bashar, Garcha, Puneet, Gupta, Nishant, Khanna, Surabhi, Korsten, Peter, Lin, Celia, Mathai, Stephen, Strand, Vibeke, Doyle, Tracy, Steen, Virginia, Zoz, Donald, Ovalles-Bonilla, Juan, Rodriguez-Pinto, Ignasi, Shenoy, Padmanabha, Lewandoski, Andrew, Belloli, Elizabeth, Lescoat, Alain, Nagaraja, Vivek, Ye, Wen, Huang, Suiyuan, Maher, Toby, and Khanna, Dinesh

Subjects
connective tissue disease interstitial lung disease, systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease subsets, systemic sclerosis interstitial lung disease, Humans, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Scleroderma, Systemic, Vital Capacity, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Severity of Illness Index, Lung
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To establish a framework by which experts define disease subsets in systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD). METHODS: A conceptual framework for subclinical, clinical and progressive ILD was provided to 83 experts, asking them to use the framework and classify actual SSc-ILD patients. Each patient profile was designed to be classified by at least four experts in terms of severity and risk of progression at baseline; progression was based on 1-year follow-up data. A consensus was reached if ≥75% of experts agreed. Experts provided information on which items were important in determining classification. RESULTS: Forty-four experts (53%) completed the survey. Consensus was achieved on the dimensions of severity (75%, 60 of 80 profiles), risk of progression (71%, 57 of 80 profiles) and progressive ILD (60%, 24 of 40 profiles). For profiles achieving consensus, most were classified as clinical ILD (92%), low risk (54%) and stable (71%). Severity and disease progression overlapped in terms of framework items that were most influential in classifying patients (forced vital capacity, extent of lung involvement on high resolution chest CT [HRCT]); risk of progression was influenced primarily by disease duration. CONCLUSIONS: Using our proposed conceptual framework, international experts were able to achieve a consensus on classifying SSc-ILD patients along the dimensions of disease severity, risk of progression and progression over time. Experts rely on similar items when classifying disease severity and progression: a combination of spirometry and gas exchange and quantitative HRCT.

Published
2023

2. Expert consensus on the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease.

Author

Rahaghi, Franck, Hsu, Vivien, Kaner, Robert, Mayes, Maureen, Rosas, Ivan, Saggar, Rajan, Steen, Virginia, Strek, Mary, Bernstein, Elana, Bhatt, Nitin, Castelino, Flavia, Chung, Lorinda, Domsic, Robyn, Flaherty, Kevin, Gupta, Nishant, Kahaleh, Bashar, Martinez, Fernando, Morrow, Lee, Moua, Teng, Patel, Nina, Shlobin, Oksana, Southern, Brian, Volkmann, Elizabeth, and Khanna, Dinesh

Subjects
Algorithms, Autoimmune diseases, Connective tissue diseases, Drug therapy, Pulmonary fibrosis, Humans, Consensus, Immunosuppressive Agents, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Lung, Mycophenolic Acid, Scleroderma, Systemic
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare, complex, connective tissue disorder. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common in SSc, occurring in 35-52% of patients and accounting for 20-40% of mortality. Evolution of therapeutic options has resulted in a lack of consensus on how to manage this condition. This Delphi study was initiated to develop consensus recommendations based on expert physician insights regarding screening, progression, treatment criteria, monitoring of response, and the role of recent therapeutic advances with antifibrotics and immunosuppressants in patients with SSc-ILD. METHODS: A modified Delphi process was completed by pulmonologists (n = 13) and rheumatologists (n = 12) with expertise in the management of patients with SSc-ILD. Panelists rated their agreement with each statement on a Likert scale from - 5 (complete disagreement) to + 5 (complete agreement). Consensus was predefined as a mean Likert scale score of ≤  - 2.5 or ≥  + 2.5 with a standard deviation not crossing zero. RESULTS: Panelists recommended that all patients with SSc be screened for ILD by chest auscultation, spirometry with diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), and/or autoantibody testing. Treatment decisions were influenced by baseline and changes in pulmonary function tests, extent of ILD on HRCT, duration and degree of dyspnea, presence of pulmonary hypertension, and potential contribution of reflux. Treatment success was defined as stabilization or improvement of signs or symptoms of ILD and functional status. Mycophenolate mofetil was identified as the initial treatment of choice. Experts considered nintedanib a therapeutic option in patients with progressive fibrotic ILD despite immunosuppressive therapy or patients contraindicated/unable to tolerate immunotherapy. Concomitant use of nintedanib with MMF/cyclophosphamide can be considered in patients with advanced disease at initial presentation, aggressive ILD, or significant disease progression. Although limited consensus was achieved on the use of tocilizumab, the experts considered it a therapeutic option for patients with early SSc and ILD with elevated acute-phase reactants. CONCLUSIONS: This modified Delphi study generated consensus recommendations for management of patients with SSc-ILD in a real-world setting. Findings from this study provide a management algorithm that will be helpful for treating patients with SSc-ILD and addresses a significant unmet need.

Published
2023

5. Cough-Specific Quality of Life Predicts Disease Progression Among Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease: Data From the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry

Author

Bascom, Rebecca, Belloli, Elizabeth, Bhatt, Nitin, Bhorade, Sangeeta, Case, Amy, Castriotta, Richard, Criner, Gerard, Danoff, Sonye, De Andrade, Joao, Desai, Alpa, Glassberg, Marilyn, Glazer, Craig, Gulati, Mridu, Gupta, Nishant, Hamblin, Mark, Huie, Tristan, Kaner, Robert, Kass, Daniel, Kim, Hyun, Kreider, Maryl, Lancaster, Lisa, Lasky, Joseph, Limper, Andrew, Montesi, Sydney, Mooney, Joshua, Morrison, Lake, Nambiar, Anoop, Nathan, Steven, Natt, Bhupinder, Paul, Tessy, Perez, Rafael, Podolanczuk, Anna, Raghu, Ganesh, Scholand, Mary Beth, Shifren, Adrian, Strek, Mary, Todd, Nevins, Walia, Rajat, Weight, Stephen, Whelan, Timothy, Wolters, Paul, Lee, Janet, White, Emily, Freiheit, Elizabeth, Strek, Mary E., Podolanczuk, Anna J., and Patel, Nina M.

Published
2022
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6. Genetic determinants of risk in pulmonary arterial hypertension: international genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis

Author

Rhodes, Christopher J, Batai, Ken, Bleda, Marta, Haimel, Matthias, Southgate, Laura, Germain, Marine, Pauciulo, Michael W, Hadinnapola, Charaka, Aman, Jurjan, Girerd, Barbara, Arora, Amit, Knight, Jo, Hanscombe, Ken B, Karnes, Jason H, Kaakinen, Marika, Gall, Henning, Ulrich, Anna, Harbaum, Lars, Cebola, Inês, Ferrer, Jorge, Lutz, Katie, Swietlik, Emilia M, Ahmad, Ferhaan, Amouyel, Philippe, Archer, Stephen L, Argula, Rahul, Austin, Eric D, Badesch, David, Bakshi, Sahil, Barnett, Christopher, Benza, Raymond, Bhatt, Nitin, Bogaard, Harm J, Burger, Charles D, Chakinala, Murali, Church, Colin, Coghlan, John G, Condliffe, Robin, Corris, Paul A, Danesino, Cesare, Debette, Stéphanie, Elliott, C Gregory, Elwing, Jean, Eyries, Melanie, Fortin, Terry, Franke, Andre, Frantz, Robert P, Frost, Adaani, Garcia, Joe GN, Ghio, Stefano, Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir, Gibbs, J Simon R, Harley, John, He, Hua, Hill, Nicholas S, Hirsch, Russel, Houweling, Arjan C, Howard, Luke S, Ivy, Dunbar, Kiely, David G, Klinger, James, Kovacs, Gabor, Lahm, Tim, Laudes, Matthias, Machado, Rajiv D, Ross, Robert V MacKenzie, Marsolo, Keith, Martin, Lisa J, Moledina, Shahin, Montani, David, Nathan, Steven D, Newnham, Michael, Olschewski, Andrea, Olschewski, Horst, Oudiz, Ronald J, Ouwehand, Willem H, Peacock, Andrew J, Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, Rehman, Zia, Robbins, Ivan, Roden, Dan M, Rosenzweig, Erika B, Saydain, Ghulam, Scelsi, Laura, Schilz, Robert, Seeger, Werner, Shaffer, Christian M, Simms, Robert W, Simon, Marc, Sitbon, Olivier, Suntharalingam, Jay, Tang, Haiyang, Tchourbanov, Alexander Y, Thenappan, Thenappan, Torres, Fernando, Toshner, Mark R, Treacy, Carmen M, Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk, Waisfisz, Quinten, and Walsworth, Anna K

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Lung, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Cardiovascular, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotyping Techniques, HLA-DP alpha-Chains, HLA-DP beta-Chains, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Risk Assessment, SOXF Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Survival Analysis, UK NIHR BioResource Rare Diseases Consortium, UK PAH Cohort Study Consortium, US PAH Biobank Consortium, Public Health and Health Services, Other Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundRare genetic variants cause pulmonary arterial hypertension, but the contribution of common genetic variation to disease risk and natural history is poorly characterised. We tested for genome-wide association for pulmonary arterial hypertension in large international cohorts and assessed the contribution of associated regions to outcomes.MethodsWe did two separate genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and a meta-analysis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. These GWAS used data from four international case-control studies across 11 744 individuals with European ancestry (including 2085 patients). One GWAS used genotypes from 5895 whole-genome sequences and the other GWAS used genotyping array data from an additional 5849 individuals. Cross-validation of loci reaching genome-wide significance was sought by meta-analysis. Conditional analysis corrected for the most significant variants at each locus was used to resolve signals for multiple associations. We functionally annotated associated variants and tested associations with duration of survival. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint in survival analyses.FindingsA locus near SOX17 (rs10103692, odds ratio 1·80 [95% CI 1·55-2·08], p=5·13 × 10-15) and a second locus in HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1 (collectively referred to as HLA-DPA1/DPB1 here; rs2856830, 1·56 [1·42-1·71], p=7·65 × 10-20) within the class II MHC region were associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The SOX17 locus had two independent signals associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (rs13266183, 1·36 [1·25-1·48], p=1·69 × 10-12; and rs10103692). Functional and epigenomic data indicate that the risk variants near SOX17 alter gene regulation via an enhancer active in endothelial cells. Pulmonary arterial hypertension risk variants determined haplotype-specific enhancer activity, and CRISPR-mediated inhibition of the enhancer reduced SOX17 expression. The HLA-DPA1/DPB1 rs2856830 genotype was strongly associated with survival. Median survival from diagnosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension with the C/C homozygous genotype was double (13·50 years [95% CI 12·07 to >13·50]) that of those with the T/T genotype (6·97 years [6·02-8·05]), despite similar baseline disease severity.InterpretationThis is the first study to report that common genetic variation at loci in an enhancer near SOX17 and in HLA-DPA1/DPB1 is associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Impairment of SOX17 function might be more common in pulmonary arterial hypertension than suggested by rare mutations in SOX17. Further studies are needed to confirm the association between HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping and survival, and to determine whether HLA typing or rs2856830 genotyping improves risk stratification in clinical practice or trials.FundingUK NIHR, BHF, UK MRC, Dinosaur Trust, NIH/NHLBI, ERS, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, EU, AHA, ACClinPharm, Netherlands CVRI, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of UMC, Netherlands OHRD and RNAS, German DFG, German BMBF, APH Paris, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, and French ANR.

Published
2019

10. PRONE TO INJURY

Author

HADDAD, TYLER, primary, SYLVESTER, PATRICK, additional, COTTEN, KYLE, additional, KUENNEN, REBECCA, additional, BHATT, NITIN Y, additional, and CHRISTMAN, JOHN W, additional

Published
2023
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12. Klimawandel für Lungenfachärzte: ein fokussierter Überblick

Author

Balakrishnan, Bathmapriya, Callahan, Sean J., Cherian, Sujith V., Subramanian, Abirami, Sarkar, Sauradeep, Bhatt, Nitin, and Scholand, Mary-Beth

Abstract

Der Klimawandel hat negative Auswirkungen auf die globale Gesundheit. Temperaturschwankungen, Unwetter, eine sich verschlechternde Luftqualität und eine zunehmend unsichere Versorgung mit Nahrungsmitteln und sauberem Wasser bedrohen in wachsendem Maße die menschliche Gesundheit. Bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts wird mit einem globalen Temperaturanstieg von bis zu 6,4 °C gerechnet, was die Bedrohung weiter verschärft. Die Öffentlichkeit und die Angehörigen der Gesundheitsberufe, einschließlich der Lungenfachärzte, sind sich der negativen Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und der Luftverschmutzung bewusst und unterstützen die Bemühungen zur Minderung ihrer Folgen. In der Tat gibt es deutliche Hinweise darauf, dass ein vorzeitiger Herztod mit der Exposition gegenüber Luftverschmutzung über die Atemwege, die als Eintrittspforte fungieren, zusammenhängt. Es gibt jedoch nur wenige Leitlinien, die Lungenfachärzten helfen, die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und der Luftverschmutzung auf das breite Spektrum von Lungenerkrankungen zu erkennen. Lungenfachärzte benötigen evidenzbasiertes Wissen über die Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und der Luftverschmutzung auf bestimmte Lungenerkrankungen, um Patienten kompetent informieren und Risiken minimieren zu können. Unser Ziel ist es, Lungenfachärzte mit dem Wissen und den Werkzeugen auszustatten, die sie benötigen, um die Gesundheit ihrer Patienten zu verbessern und negative Auswirkungen trotz der Bedrohungen durch den Klimawandel zu verhindern. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit stellen wir den aktuellen Wissensstand zu den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels und der Luftverschmutzung auf eine Vielzahl von Lungenerkrankungen dar. Dieses Wissen soll es ermöglichen, anstelle einer reaktiven Behandlung von Krankheiten einen proaktiven und individualisierten Ansatz für Präventionsstrategien für Patienten zu entwickeln.

Published
2023
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13. Differences in Patient Outcomes across the Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation Care Center Network

Author

Boente, Ryan D., primary, White, Emily N., additional, Baxter, Caitlin M., additional, Shore, Jessica E., additional, Collard, Harold R., additional, Lee, Joyce S., additional, Abrencillo, Rodeo, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Boente, Ryan, additional, Farrand, Erica, additional, Glazer, Craig, additional, Huie, Tristan, additional, Kim, Hyun, additional, Ramaswamy, Murali, additional, Shah, Rupal, additional, Shore, Jessica, additional, and Thavarajah, Krishna, additional

Published
2023
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14. Additional file 1 of Expert consensus on the management of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease

Author

Rahaghi, Franck F., Hsu, Vivien M., Kaner, Robert J., Mayes, Maureen D., Rosas, Ivan O., Saggar, Rajan, Steen, Virginia D., Strek, Mary E., Bernstein, Elana J., Bhatt, Nitin, Castelino, Flavia V., Chung, Lorinda, Domsic, Robyn T., Flaherty, Kevin R., Gupta, Nishant, Kahaleh, Bashar, Martinez, Fernando J., Morrow, Lee E., Moua, Teng, Patel, Nina, Shlobin, Oksana A., Southern, Brian D., Volkmann, Elizabeth R., and Khanna, Dinesh

Abstract

Additional file 1. Table S1. SSc-ILD Delphi Questionnaire 3 results. Table S2. SSc-ILD Delphi Supplemental Questionnaire 2 results

Published
2023
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15. Systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease: a conceptual framework for subclinical, clinical and progressive disease

Author

Roofeh, David, primary, Brown, Kevin K, additional, Kazerooni, Ella A, additional, Tashkin, Donald, additional, Assassi, Shervin, additional, Martinez, Fernando, additional, Wells, Athol U, additional, Raghu, Ganesh, additional, Denton, Christopher P, additional, Chung, Lorinda, additional, Hoffmann-Vold, Anna-Maria, additional, Distler, Oliver, additional, Johannson, Kerri A, additional, Allanore, Yannick, additional, Matteson, Eric L, additional, Kawano-Dourado, Leticia, additional, Pauling, John D, additional, Seibold, James R, additional, Volkmann, Elizabeth R, additional, Walsh, Simon L F, additional, Oddis, Chester V, additional, White, Eric S, additional, Barratt, Shaney L, additional, Bernstein, Elana J, additional, Domsic, Robyn T, additional, Dellaripa, Paul F, additional, Conway, Richard, additional, Rosas, Ivan, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Hsu, Vivien, additional, Ingegnoli, Francesca, additional, Kahaleh, Bashar, additional, Garcha, Puneet, additional, Gupta, Nishant, additional, Khanna, Surabhi, additional, Korsten, Peter, additional, Lin, Celia, additional, Mathai, Stephen C, additional, Strand, Vibeke, additional, Doyle, Tracy J, additional, Steen, Virginia, additional, Zoz, Donald F, additional, Ovalles-Bonilla, Juan, additional, Rodriguez-Pinto, Ignasi, additional, Shenoy, Padmanabha D, additional, Lewandoski, Andrew, additional, Belloli, Elizabeth, additional, Lescoat, Alain, additional, Nagaraja, Vivek, additional, Ye, Wen, additional, Huang, Suiyuan, additional, Maher, Toby, additional, and Khanna, Dinesh, additional

Published
2022
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16. Cough-Specific Quality of Life Predicts Disease Progression Among Patients With Interstitial Lung Disease

Author

Lee, Janet, primary, White, Emily, additional, Freiheit, Elizabeth, additional, Scholand, Mary Beth, additional, Strek, Mary E., additional, Podolanczuk, Anna J., additional, Patel, Nina M., additional, Bascom, Rebecca, additional, Belloli, Elizabeth, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Bhorade, Sangeeta, additional, Case, Amy, additional, Castriotta, Richard, additional, Criner, Gerard, additional, Danoff, Sonye, additional, De Andrade, Joao, additional, Desai, Alpa, additional, Glassberg, Marilyn, additional, Glazer, Craig, additional, Gulati, Mridu, additional, Gupta, Nishant, additional, Hamblin, Mark, additional, Huie, Tristan, additional, Kaner, Robert, additional, Kass, Daniel, additional, Kim, Hyun, additional, Kreider, Maryl, additional, Lancaster, Lisa, additional, Lasky, Joseph, additional, Limper, Andrew, additional, Montesi, Sydney, additional, Mooney, Joshua, additional, Morrison, Lake, additional, Nambiar, Anoop, additional, Nathan, Steven, additional, Natt, Bhupinder, additional, Paul, Tessy, additional, Perez, Rafael, additional, Podolanczuk, Anna, additional, Raghu, Ganesh, additional, Shifren, Adrian, additional, Strek, Mary, additional, Todd, Nevins, additional, Walia, Rajat, additional, Weight, Stephen, additional, Whelan, Timothy, additional, and Wolters, Paul, additional

Published
2022
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17. Rare variant analysis of 4241 pulmonary arterial hypertension cases from an international consortium implicates FBLN2, PDGFD, and rare de novo variants in PAH

Author

Zhu, Na, Swietlik, Emilia M., Welch, Carrie L., Pauciulo, Michael W., Hagen, Jacob J., Zhou, Xueya, Guo, Yicheng, Karten, Johannes, Pandya, Divya, Tilly, Tobias, Lutz, Katie A., Martin, Jennifer M., Treacy, Carmen M., Rosenzweig, Erika B., Krishnan, Usha, Coleman, Anna W., Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia, Lawrie, Allan, Trembath, Richard C., Wilkins, Martin R., Morrell, Nicholas W., Shen, Yufeng, Gräf, Stefan, Nichols, William C., Chung, Wendy K., Hirsch, Russel, White, R. James, Simon, Marc, Badesch, David, Rosenzweig, Erika, Burger, Charles, Chakinala, Murali, Thenappan, Thenappan, Elliott, Greg, Simms, Robert, Farber, Harrison, Frantz, Robert, Elwing, Jean, Hill, Nicholas, Ivy, Dunbar, Klinger, James, Nathan, Steven, Oudiz, Ronald, Robbins, Ivan, Schilz, Robert, Fortin, Terry, Wilt, Jeffrey, Yung, Delphine, Austin, Eric, Ahmad, Ferhaan, Bhatt, Nitin, Lahm, Tim, Frost, Adaani, Safdar, Zeenat, Rehman, Zia, Walter, Robert, Torres, Fernando, Bakshi, Sahil, Archer, Stephen, Argula, Rahul, Barnett, Christopher, Benza, Raymond, Desai, Ankit, Maddipati, Veeranna, Bogaard, Harm J., Church, Colin, Coghlin, Gerry, Condliffe, Robin, Eyries, Mélanie, Gall, Henning, Ghio, Stefano, Girerd, Barbara, Holden, Simon, Howard, Luke, Humbert, Marc, Kiely, David G., Kovacs, Gabor, Lordan, Jim, Machado, Rajiv D., MacKenzie Ross, Robert V., McCabe, Colm, Moledina, Shahin, Montani, David, Olschewski, Horst, Penkett, Christopher J., Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, Price, Laura, Rhodes, Christopher J., Seeger, Werner, Soubrier, Florent, Southgate, Laura, Suntharalingam, Jay, Swift, Andrew J., Toshner, Mark R., Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk, Wharton, John, Wild, Jim, Wort, Stephen John, and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Exome sequencing, Case-control association testing, Research, FOS: Biological sciences, Genetics, De novo variant analysis, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Genome sequencing
Abstract

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a lethal vasculopathy characterized by pathogenic remodeling of pulmonary arterioles leading to increased pulmonary pressures, right ventricular hypertrophy, and heart failure. PAH can be associated with other diseases (APAH: connective tissue diseases, congenital heart disease, and others) but often the etiology is idiopathic (IPAH). Mutations in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) are the cause of most heritable cases but the vast majority of other cases are genetically undefined. Methods: To identify new risk genes, we utilized an international consortium of 4241 PAH cases with exome or genome sequencing data from the National Biological Sample and Data Repository for PAH, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, and the UK NIHR BioResource – Rare Diseases Study. The strength of this combined cohort is a doubling of the number of IPAH cases compared to either national cohort alone. We identified protein-coding variants and performed rare variant association analyses in unrelated participants of European ancestry, including 1647 IPAH cases and 18,819 controls. We also analyzed de novo variants in 124 pediatric trios enriched for IPAH and APAH-CHD. Results: Seven genes with rare deleterious variants were associated with IPAH with false discovery rate smaller than 0.1: three known genes (BMPR2, GDF2, and TBX4), two recently identified candidate genes (SOX17, KDR), and two new candidate genes (fibulin 2, FBLN2; platelet-derived growth factor D, PDGFD). The new genes were identified based solely on rare deleterious missense variants, a variant type that could not be adequately assessed in either cohort alone. The candidate genes exhibit expression patterns in lung and heart similar to that of known PAH risk genes, and most variants occur in conserved protein domains. For pediatric PAH, predicted deleterious de novo variants exhibited a significant burden compared to the background mutation rate (2.45×, p = 2.5e−5). At least eight novel pediatric candidate genes carrying de novo variants have plausible roles in lung/heart development. Conclusions: Rare variant analysis of a large international consortium identified two new candidate genes—FBLN2 and PDGFD. The new genes have known functions in vasculogenesis and remodeling. Trio analysis predicted that ~ 15% of pediatric IPAH may be explained by de novo variants.

Published
2021
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20. Essential Components of an Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic

Author

Graney, Bridget A., primary, He, Christophe, additional, Marll, Michael, additional, Matson, Scott, additional, Bianchi, Pauline, additional, Cosgrove, Gregory P., additional, Lee, Joyce S., additional, Abrencillo, Rodeo, additional, Bascom, Rebecca, additional, Scholand, Mary Beth, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Case, Amy, additional, Chaudhary, Sachin, additional, Culver, Daniel, additional, Danoff, Sonye, additional, Desai, Alpa, additional, Dilling, Daniel, additional, Glazer, Craig, additional, Gulati, Mridu, additional, Gupta, Nishant, additional, Hamblin, Mark, additional, Hamzeh, Nabeel, additional, Huie, Tristan, additional, Kim, Hyun, additional, King, Christopher, additional, Kreider, Maryl, additional, Lacamera, Peter, additional, Lancaster, Lisa, additional, Luckhardt, Tracy, additional, Mageto, Yolanda, additional, Kottman, Robert Matthew, additional, McCormick, James, additional, Mehrad, Borna, additional, Menon, Prema, additional, Montesi, Sydney, additional, Mooney, Joshua, additional, Moore, Doug, additional, Moua, Teng, additional, Nambiar, Anoop, additional, Oldham, Justin, additional, Patel, Divya, additional, Paul, Tessy, additional, Perez, Rafael, additional, Podolanczuk, Anna, additional, Ramaswamy, Murali, additional, Roe, David, additional, Saad, Mohamed, additional, Sandbo, Nathan, additional, Schaumberg, Thomas, additional, Schmidt, Shelley, additional, Shea, Barry, additional, Shifren, Adrian, additional, Strek, Mary, additional, Thavarajah, Krishna, additional, Todd, Nevins, additional, Veeraraghavan, Srihari, additional, Weight, Stephen, additional, Wolters, Paul, additional, and Zibrak, Joseph, additional

Published
2021
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23. Bayesian Inference Associates Rare KDR Variants With Specific Phenotypes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Author

Swietlik, Emilia M., primary, Greene, Daniel, additional, Zhu, Na, additional, Megy, Karyn, additional, Cogliano, Marcella, additional, Rajaram, Smitha, additional, Pandya, Divya, additional, Tilly, Tobias, additional, Lutz, Katie A., additional, Welch, Carrie C.L., additional, Pauciulo, Michael W., additional, Southgate, Laura, additional, Martin, Jennifer M., additional, Treacy, Carmen M., additional, Penkett, Christopher J., additional, Stephens, Jonathan C., additional, Bogaard, Harm J., additional, Church, Colin, additional, Coghlan, Gerry, additional, Coleman, Anna W., additional, Condliffe, Robin, additional, Eichstaedt, Christina A., additional, Eyries, Mélanie, additional, Gall, Henning, additional, Ghio, Stefano, additional, Girerd, Barbara, additional, Grünig, Ekkehard, additional, Holden, Simon, additional, Howard, Luke, additional, Humbert, Marc, additional, Kiely, David G., additional, Kovacs, Gabor, additional, Lordan, Jim, additional, Machado, Rajiv D., additional, MacKenzie Ross, Robert V., additional, McCabe, Colm, additional, Moledina, Shahin, additional, Montani, David, additional, Olschewski, Horst, additional, Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, additional, Price, Laura, additional, Rhodes, Christopher J., additional, Seeger, Werner, additional, Soubrier, Florent, additional, Suntharalingam, Jay, additional, Toshner, Mark R., additional, Vonk Noordegraaf, Anton, additional, Wharton, John, additional, Wild, James M., additional, Wort, Stephen John, additional, Lawrie, Allan, additional, Wilkins, Martin R., additional, Trembath, Richard C., additional, Shen, Yufeng, additional, Chung, Wendy K., additional, Swift, Andrew J., additional, Nichols, William C., additional, Morrell, Nicholas W., additional, Gräf, Stefan, additional, Abbs, Stephen, additional, Abulhoul, Lara, additional, Adlard, Julian, additional, Ahmed, Munaza, additional, Aitman, Timothy J., additional, Alachkar, Hana, additional, Allsup, David J., additional, Ancliff, Philip, additional, Antrobus, Richard, additional, Armstrong, Ruth, additional, Arno, Gavin, additional, Ashford, Sofie, additional, Astle, William J., additional, Attwood, Anthony, additional, Aurora, Paul, additional, Babbs, Christian, additional, Bacchelli, Chiara, additional, Bakchoul, Tamam, additional, Banka, Siddharth, additional, Bariana, Tadbir, additional, Barwell, Julian, additional, Batista, Joana, additional, Baxendale, Helen E., additional, Beales, Phil L., additional, Bennett, David L., additional, Bierzynska, Agnieszka, additional, Biss, Tina, additional, Bitner-Glindzicz, Maria A.K., additional, Black, Graeme C., additional, Bleda, Marta, additional, Blesneac, Iulia, additional, Bockenhauer, Detlef, additional, Boyce, Sara, additional, Bradley, John R., additional, Breen, Gerome, additional, Brennan, Paul, additional, Brewer, Carole, additional, Brown, Matthew, additional, Browning, Andrew C., additional, Browning, Michael J., additional, Buchan, Rachel J., additional, Buckland, Matthew S., additional, Bueser, Teofila, additional, Diz, Carmen Bugarin, additional, Burn, John, additional, Burns, Siobhan O., additional, Burren, Oliver S., additional, Burrows, Nigel, additional, Campbell, Carolyn, additional, Carr-White, Gerald, additional, Carss, Keren, additional, Casey, Ruth, additional, Caulfield, Mark J., additional, Chambers, Jenny, additional, Chambers, John, additional, Chan, Melanie M.Y., additional, Cheng, Floria, additional, Chinnery, Patrick F., additional, Chitre, Manali, additional, Christian, Martin T., additional, Clayton-Smith, Jill, additional, Cleary, Maureen, additional, Brod, Naomi Clements, additional, Colby, Elizabeth, additional, Cole, Trevor R.P., additional, Collins, Janine, additional, Collins, Peter W., additional, Compton, Cecilia J., additional, Cook, H. Terence, additional, Cook, Stuart, additional, Cooper, Nichola, additional, Corris, Paul A., additional, Curry, Nicola S., additional, Daniels, Matthew J., additional, Dattani, Mehul, additional, Daugherty, Louise C., additional, Davis, John, additional, De Soyza, Anthony, additional, Deevi, Sri V.V., additional, Dent, Timothy, additional, Deshpande, Charu, additional, Dewhurst, Eleanor F., additional, Dixon, Peter H., additional, Douzgou, Sofia, additional, Downes, Kate, additional, Drazyk, Anna M., additional, Drewe, Elizabeth, additional, Duarte, Daniel, additional, Dutt, Tina, additional, Edgar, J. David M., additional, Edwards, Karen, additional, Egner, William, additional, Ekani, Melanie N., additional, Elliott, Perry, additional, Erber, Wendy N., additional, Erwood, Marie, additional, Estiu, Maria C., additional, Evans, Dafydd Gareth, additional, Evans, Gillian, additional, Everington, Tamara, additional, Fassihi, Hiva, additional, Favier, Remi, additional, Fletcher, Debra, additional, Flinter, Frances A., additional, Floto, R. Andres, additional, Fowler, Tom, additional, Fox, James, additional, Frary, Amy J., additional, French, Courtney E., additional, Freson, Kathleen, additional, Frontini, Mattia, additional, Furnell, Abigail, additional, Gale, Daniel P., additional, Ganesan, Vijeya, additional, Gattens, Michael, additional, Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir, additional, Gibbs, J. Simon R., additional, Gibson, Kate, additional, Gilmour, Kimberly C., additional, Gleadall, Nicholas S., additional, Goddard, Sarah, additional, Gomez, Keith, additional, Gordins, Pavels, additional, Gosal, David, additional, Graham, Jodie, additional, Grassi, Luigi, additional, Greenhalgh, Lynn, additional, Greinacher, Andreas, additional, Gresele, Paolo, additional, Griffiths, Philip, additional, Grigoriadou, Sofia, additional, Grozeva, Detelina, additional, Gurnell, Mark, additional, Hackett, Scott, additional, Hadinnapola, Charaka, additional, Hague, Rosie, additional, Hague, William M., additional, Haimel, Matthias, additional, Hall, Matthew, additional, Hanson, Helen L., additional, Haque, Eshika, additional, Harkness, Kirsty, additional, Harper, Andrew R., additional, Harris, Claire L., additional, Hart, Daniel, additional, Hassan, Ahamad, additional, Hayman, Grant, additional, Henderson, Alex, additional, Herwadkar, Archana, additional, Hoffman, Jonathan, additional, Horvath, Rita, additional, Houlden, Henry, additional, Houweling, Arjan C., additional, Hu, Fengyuan, additional, Hudson, Gavin, additional, Huissoon, Aarnoud P., additional, Hurles, Matthew, additional, Irving, Melita, additional, Izatt, Louise, additional, James, Roger, additional, Johnson, Sally A., additional, Jolles, Stephen, additional, Jolley, Jennifer, additional, Josifova, Dragana, additional, Jurkute, Neringa, additional, Kasanicki, Mary A., additional, Kazkaz, Hanadi, additional, Kazmi, Rashid, additional, Kelleher, Peter, additional, Kelly, Anne M, additional, Kelsall, Wilf, additional, Kempster, Carly, additional, Kingston, Nathalie, additional, Koelling, Nils, additional, Kostadima, Myrto, additional, Koziell, Ania, additional, Kreuzhuber, Roman, additional, Kuijpers, Taco W., additional, Kumar, Ajith, additional, Kumararatne, Dinakantha, additional, Kurian, Manju A., additional, Laffan, Michael A., additional, Lalloo, Fiona, additional, Lambert, Michele, additional, Allen, Hana Lango, additional, Layton, D. Mark, additional, Lentaigne, Claire, additional, Lester, Tracy, additional, Levine, Adam P., additional, Linger, Rachel, additional, Longhurst, Hilary, additional, Lorenzo, Lorena E., additional, Louka, Eleni, additional, Lyons, Paul A., additional, Madan, Bella, additional, Maher, Eamonn R., additional, Maimaris, Jesmeen, additional, Malka, Samantha, additional, Mangles, Sarah, additional, Mapeta, Rutendo, additional, Marchbank, Kevin J., additional, Marks, Stephen, additional, Markus, Hugh S., additional, Marschall, Hanns-Ulrich, additional, Marshall, Andrew, additional, Mathias, Mary, additional, Matthews, Emma, additional, Maxwell, Heather, additional, McAlinden, Paul, additional, McCarthy, Mark I., additional, McKinney, Harriet, additional, Meacham, Stuart, additional, Mead, Adam J., additional, Mehta, Sarju G., additional, Michaelides, Michel, additional, Millar, Carolyn, additional, Mohammed, Shehla N., additional, Moore, Anthony T., additional, Mozere, Monika, additional, Muir, Keith W., additional, Mumford, Andrew D., additional, Nemeth, Andrea H., additional, Newman, William G., additional, Newnham, Michael, additional, Noorani, Sadia, additional, Nurden, Paquita, additional, O’Sullivan, Jennifer, additional, Obaji, Samya, additional, Odhams, Chris, additional, Okoli, Steven, additional, Olschewski, Andrea, additional, Ong, Kai Ren, additional, Oram, S. Helen, additional, Ormondroyd, Elizabeth, additional, Ouwehand, Willem H., additional, Palles, Claire, additional, Papadia, Sofia, additional, Park, Soo-Mi, additional, Parry, David, additional, Patel, Smita, additional, Paterson, Joan, additional, Peacock, Andrew, additional, Pearce, Simon H., additional, Peerlinck, Kathelijne, additional, Petersen, Romina, additional, Pilkington, Clarissa, additional, Poole, Kenneth E.S., additional, Psaila, Bethan, additional, Pyle, Angela, additional, Quinton, Richard, additional, Rahman, Shamima, additional, Rao, Anupama, additional, Raymond, F. Lucy, additional, Rayner-Matthews, Paula J., additional, Rendon, Augusto, additional, Renton, Tara, additional, Rice, Andrew S.C., additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Robert, Leema, additional, Roberts, Irene, additional, Rose, Sarah J., additional, Ross-Russell, Robert, additional, Roughley, Catherine, additional, Roy, Noemi B.A., additional, Ruddy, Deborah M., additional, Sadeghi-Alavijeh, Omid, additional, Saleem, Moin A., additional, Samani, Nilesh, additional, Samarghitean, Crina, additional, Sanchis-Juan, Alba, additional, Sargur, Ravishankar B., additional, Sarkany, Robert N., additional, Satchell, Simon, additional, Savic, Sinisa, additional, Sayer, Genevieve, additional, Sayer, John A., additional, Scelsi, Laura, additional, Schaefer, Andrew M., additional, Schulman, Sol, additional, Scott, Richard, additional, Scully, Marie, additional, Searle, Claire, additional, Sen, Arjune, additional, Sewell, W.A. Carrock, additional, Seyres, Denis, additional, Shah, Neil, additional, Shamardina, Olga, additional, Shapiro, Susan E., additional, Shaw, Adam C., additional, Sibson, Keith, additional, Side, Lucy, additional, Simeoni, Ilenia, additional, Simpson, Michael A., additional, Sims, Matthew C., additional, Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh, additional, Smedley, Damian, additional, Smith, Katherine R., additional, Smith, Kenneth G.C., additional, Snape, Katie, additional, Soranzo, Nicole, additional, Spasic-Boskovic, Olivera, additional, Staines, Simon, additional, Staples, Emily, additional, Stark, Hannah, additional, Stirrups, Kathleen E., additional, Stuckey, Alex, additional, Syrris, Petros, additional, Tait, R. Campbell, additional, Talks, Kate, additional, Tan, Rhea Y.Y., additional, Taylor, Jenny C., additional, Taylor, John M., additional, Thaventhiran, James E., additional, Themistocleous, Andreas C., additional, Thomas, David, additional, Thomas, Ellen, additional, Thomas, Moira J., additional, Thomas, Patrick, additional, Thomson, Kate, additional, Thrasher, Adrian J., additional, Thys, Chantal, additional, Tischkowitz, Marc, additional, Titterton, Catherine, additional, Toh, Cheng-Hock, additional, Tomlinson, Ian P., additional, Traylor, Matthew, additional, Treadaway, Paul, additional, Tuna, Salih, additional, Turro, Ernest, additional, Twiss, Philip, additional, Vale, Tom, additional, Van Geet, Chris, additional, van Zuydam, Natalie, additional, Vandersteen, Anthony M, additional, Vazquez-Lopez, Marta, additional, von Ziegenweidt, Julie, additional, Wagner, Annette, additional, Waisfisz, Quinten, additional, Walker, Neil, additional, Walker, Suellen M., additional, Ware, James S., additional, Watkins, Hugh, additional, Watt, Christopher, additional, Webster, Andrew R., additional, Wedderburn, Lucy, additional, Wei, Wei, additional, Welch, Steven B., additional, Wessels, Julie, additional, Westbury, Sarah K., additional, Westwood, John-Paul, additional, Whitehorn, Deborah, additional, Whitworth, James, additional, Wilkie, Andrew O.M., additional, Williamson, Catherine, additional, Wilson, Brian T., additional, Wong, Edwin K.S., additional, Wood, Nicholas, additional, Wood, Yvette, additional, Woods, Christopher Geoffrey, additional, Woodward, Emma R., additional, Worth, Austen, additional, Wright, Michael, additional, Yates, Katherine, additional, Yong, Patrick F.K., additional, Young, Timothy, additional, Yu, Ping, additional, Yu-Wai-Man, Patrick, additional, Zlamalova, Eliska, additional, Hirsch, Russel, additional, White, R. James, additional, Simon, Marc, additional, Badesch, David, additional, Rosenzweig, Erika, additional, Burger, Charles, additional, Chakinala, Murali, additional, Thenappan, Thenappan, additional, Elliott, Greg, additional, Simms, Robert, additional, Farber, Harrison, additional, Frantz, Robert, additional, Elwing, Jean, additional, Hill, Nicholas, additional, Ivy, Dunbar, additional, Klinger, James, additional, Nathan, Steven, additional, Oudiz, Ronald, additional, Robbins, Ivan, additional, Schilz, Robert, additional, Fortin, Terry, additional, Wilt, Jeffrey, additional, Yung, Delphine, additional, Austin, Eric, additional, Ahmad, Ferhaan, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Lahm, Tim, additional, Frost, Adaani, additional, Safdar, Zeenat, additional, Rehman, Zia, additional, Walter, Robert, additional, Torres, Fernando, additional, Bakshi, Sahil, additional, Archer, Stephen, additional, Argula, Rahul, additional, Barnett, Christopher, additional, Benza, Raymond, additional, Desai, Ankit, additional, and Maddipati, Veeranna, additional

Published
2021
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28. Determinants of repayment in microcredit: evidence from programs in the United States

Author

Bhatt, Nitin and Tang, Shui-Yan

Subjects
Microfinance -- Management, Payment -- Research, Economics, Government
Abstract

Many microcredit programs have been created in the United States in the past decade that replicate design features of their counterparts in the third world. Yet few systematic studies have been carried out to examine what determines these programs' loan repayment performance. We attempt to fill this gap by studying the determinants of loan repayment for four of the oldest group-based microcredit programs in the US. Our findings suggest that these programs are faced with a set of social and institutional environments that are both similar to and different from those faced by their third-world counterparts. On the one hand we find that higher levels of education and proximity to the lending agency increase the chances of loan repayment. Low transaction costs for accessing loans and high borrower-costs in the event of default also enhance loan repayment performance. On the other hand key variables such as gender and homogeneity of borrowers are not significantly related to loan repayment. We conclude by examining the implications of these findings for program design in the US.

Published
2002

33. The problem of transaction costs in group-based microlending: an institutional perspective

Author

Bhatt, Nitin and Tang, Shui-Yan

Subjects
Commercial loans -- Economic aspects, Business enterprises -- Finance, Business, international, Economics, International relations
Abstract

To be financially viable, group-based microlending needs to economize on transaction costs for both lenders and borrowers. Group lending programs vary in their transaction cost characteristics depending on their specific credit delivery arrangements and social contexts. This article illustrates these arguments by examining the challenges faced by various group lending programs Worldwide. It also examines how social capital, or the lack of it, affects the transaction costs and operations of three typical group lending arrangements - group loan with joint liability, individual loan with joint liability and individual loan with individual liability. Key words - group lending, microenterprise, transaction costs, social capital, developing countries, United States

Published
1998

37. Genetic determinants of risk and survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension

Author

Rhodes, Christopher J., Batai, Ken, Bleda, Marta, Haimel, Matthias, Southgate, Laura, Germain, Marine, Pauciulo, Michael W., Hadinnapola, Charaka, Aman, Jurjan, Girerd, Barbara, Arora, Amit, Knight, Jo, Hanscombe, Ken B., Karnes, Jason H., Kaakinen, Marika, Gall, Henning, Ulrich, Anna, Harbaum, Lars, Cebola, Inês, Ferrer, Jorge, Ahmad, Ferhaan, Amouyel, Philippe, Stephen L., Archer, Argula, Rahul, Eric D., Austin, Badesch, David, Bakshi, Sahil, Barnett, Christopher F., Benza, Raymond, Bhatt, Nitin, Bogaard, Harm J., Burger, Charles D., Chakinala, Murali M., Church, Colin, Coghlan, John G., Condliffe, Robin, Corris, Paul A., Danesino, Cesare, Debette, Stéphanie, Elliott, C. Gregory, Elwing, Jean, Eyries, Melanie, Fortin, Terry, Franke, Andre, Frantz, Robert P., Frost, Adaani, Garcia, Joe G.N., Ghio, Stefano, Ghofrani, Hossein-Ardeschir, Simon, J., Gibbs, R., Harley, John B., He, Hua, Hill, Nicholas S., Hirsch, Russel, Houweling, Arjan C., Howard, Luke S., Ivy, Dunbar, Kiely, David G., Klinger, James, Kovacs, Gabor, Lahm, Tim, Laudes, Matthias, Lutz, Katie, Machado, Rajiv D., MacKenzie Ross, Robert V., Marsolo, Keith, Martin, Lisa J., Moledina, Shahin, Montani, David, Nathan, Steven D., Newnham, Michael, Olschewski, Andrea, Olschewski, Horst, Oudiz, Ronald J., Ouwehand, Willem H., Peacock, Andrew J., Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, Rehman, Zia, Robbins, Ivan M., Roden, Dan M., Rosenzweig, Erika B., Saydain, Ghulam, Scelsi, Laura, Schilz, Robert, Seeger, Werner, Shaffer, Christian M., Simms, Robert W., Simon, Marc, Sitbon, Olivier, Suntharalingam, Jay, Swietlik, Emilia, Tang, Haiyang, Tchourbanov, Alexander Y., Thenappan, Thenappan, Torres, Fernando, Toshner, Mark R., Treacy, Carmen M., Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk, Waisfisz, Quinten, Walsworth, Anna K., Walter, Robert E, Wharton, John, White, R. James, Wilt, Jeffrey, Wort, Stephen J., Yung, Delphine, Lawrie, Allan, Humbert, Marc, Soubrier, Florent, Trégouët, David-Alexandre, Prokopenko, Inga, Kittles, Richard, Gräf, Stefan, Nichols, William C., Trembath, Richard C., Desai, Ankit A., Morrell, Nicholas W., and Wilkins, Martin R.

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 3. Good health, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

BackgroundPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disorder leading to premature death. Rare genetic variants contribute to disease etiology but the contribution of common genetic variation to disease risk and outcome remains poorly characterized.MethodsWe performed two separate genome-wide association studies of PAH using data across 11,744 European-ancestry individuals (including 2,085 patients), one with genotypes from 5,895 whole genome sequences and another with genotyping array data from 5,849 further samples. Cross-validation of loci reaching genome-wide significance was sought by meta-analysis. We functionally annotated associated variants and tested associations with duration of survival.FindingsA locus atHLA-DPA1/DPB1within the class II major histocompatibility (MHC) region and a second nearSOX17were significantly associated with PAH. TheSOX17locus contained two independent signals associated with PAH. Functional and epigenomic data indicate that the risk variants nearSOX17alter gene regulation via an enhancer active in endothelial cells. PAH risk variants determined haplotype-specific enhancer activity and CRISPR-inhibition of the enhancer reducedSOX17expression. Analysis of median survival showed that PAH patients with two copies of theHLA-DPA1/DPB1risk variant had a two-fold difference (>16 years versus 8 years), compared to patients homozygous for the alternative allele.InterpretationWe have found that common genetic variation at loci inHLA-DPA1/DPB1and an enhancer nearSOX17are associated with PAH. Impairment of Sox17 function may be more common in PAH than suggested by rare mutations inSOX17. Allelic variation atHLA-DPB1stratifies PAH patients for survival following diagnosis, with implications for future therapeutic trial design.FundingUK NIHR, BHF, UK MRC, Dinosaur Trust, NIH/NHLBI, ERS, EMBO, Wellcome Trust, EU, AHA, ACClinPharm, Netherlands CVRI, Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of UMC, Netherlands OHRD and RNAS, German DFG, German BMBF, APH Paris, Inserm, Université Paris-Sud, and French ANR.

Published
2018

38. 503

Author

Patterson, Kevin, primary and Bhatt, Nitin, additional

Published
2019
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39. Acute exacerbations of progressive-fibrosing interstitial lung diseases

Author

Kolb, Martin, primary, Bondue, Benjamin, additional, Pesci, Alberto, additional, Miyazaki, Yasunari, additional, Song, Jin Woo, additional, Bhatt, Nitin Y., additional, Huggins, John T., additional, Oldham, Justin M., additional, Padilla, Maria L., additional, Roman, Jesse, additional, and Shapera, Shane, additional

Published
2018
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41. Making Micro credit work in the United States: social, financial, and administrative dimensions

Author

Bhatt, Nitin and Shui-Yan Tang

Subjects
United States -- Economic aspects, United States -- Social aspects, Economic development -- Forecasts and trends, Economic development -- United States, Social economics -- Analysis, Market trend/market analysis, Economics
Abstract

The study aims to examine various negative effects faced by the micro credit program like social, financial, and administrative challenges by drawing on existing studies and the analysis of two of the oldest Microsoft credit program in the country- Women's Development Association (WDA) and Neighborhood Entrepreneurship Program (NEP). The study concludes that these challenges can potentially be addressed if programs focus on building capacity.

Published
2001

42. Delivering Microfinance in Developing Countries: Controversies and Policy Perspectives

Author

Bhatt, Nitin and Tang, Shui-Yan

Subjects
Microfinance -- International aspects, Developing countries -- Finance, Political science, Company financing, Finance, International aspects
Abstract

The article reviews three major controversies in the microfinance field: vehicles, technologies, and performance assessments for financial service delivery. Then it proposes that these controversies be resolved by a perspective [...]

Published
2001

43. Can Microcredit Work in the United States?

Author

Bhatt, Nitin, Painter, Gary, and Tang, Shui-Yan

Subjects
United States -- Economic aspects, Microfinance -- Management -- Services, Financial services industry -- Services, Entrepreneurship -- Finance -- Economic aspects, Company business management, Company financing, Financial services industry, Business, general, Business
Abstract

Lending small amounts of cash to fledgling entrepreneurs has been a great success in developing countries, but the concept hasn't fared as well in the United States. In the past [...]

Published
1999

44. Sleep apnea in total joint arthroplasty patients and the role for cardiac biomarkers for risk stratification: an exploration of feasibility

Author

Lyons, M Melanie, primary, Bhatt, Nitin Y, additional, Kneeland-Szanto, Elizabeth, additional, Keenan, Brendan T, additional, Pechar, Joanne, additional, Stearns, Branden, additional, Elkassabany, Nabil M, additional, Memtsoudis, Stavros G, additional, Pack, Allan I, additional, and Gurubhagavatula, Indira, additional

Published
2016
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49. Nicotine Treatment For Sarcoidosis: Pilot Study Results

Author

Julian, Mark, primary, Shao, Guohong, additional, Huang, Qin, additional, Bhatt, Nitin, additional, Cosmar, David, additional, Phillips, Gary, additional, Schlesinger, Larry, additional, Culver, Daniel A., additional, Baughman, Robert P., additional, Wood, Karen, additional, and Crouser, Elliott D., additional

Published
2011
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