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OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to determine neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants followed by a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. METHODS. Infants RESULTS. Of the 159 enrolled children, 65% survived, 16% died, and 19% were lost to follow-up. Family income was lowest among those who died, and maternal and paternal literacy was highest among the survivors. At a mean age of 31 months, developmental status of the 85 children followed-up for [greater than or equal to] 12 months was normal in 32%; 45% had mild and 23% had serious neurodevelopmental impairments. Cognitive impairment was the most common deficit (60%). Final outcome was significantly better than estimated initially. Most serious (85%) but fewer mild (37%) problems were identified independently by both child health physicians and psychologists. CONCLUSIONS. Parental education and family income had significant influence on postdischarge mortality. Two thirds of infants demonstrated neurodevelopmental impairments. Most mild cognitive impairments would have been missed had either physicians or psychologists alone done the assessments. Preterm infants in this low-resource setting are at high risk for neurodevelopmental impairments, which need to be identified early, preferably by a multidisciplinary team of professionals. www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/ peds.2005-2014 doi:10.1542/peds.2005-2014 Key Words disability, follow-up, impairment, low birth weight, mortality, neurodevelopment, preterm Abbreviations LBW--low birth weight SGA--small for gestational age CDC--Child Development Centre DSH--Dhaka Shishu Hospital NDI--neurodevelopmental impairment NDA--neurodevelopmental assessment EEG-- electroencephalogram BSID II--Bayley Scales for Infant Development MDI--Mental Development Index PDI--Psychomotor Development Index ROP--retinopathy of prematurity, AN ESTIMATED 20% of infants are born prematurely in Bangladesh, and 30% have low birth weight (LBW) (ie, 146 million people, including >20 million children In an epidemiologic survey of [...]

Chromatin insulators are DNA-protein complexes that promote specificity of enhancer-promoter interactions and maintain distinct transcriptional states through control of 3D genome organization. In this review, we highlight recent work visualizing how mammalian CCCTC-binding factor acts as a boundary to dynamic DNA loop extrusion mediated by cohesin. We also discuss new studies in both mammals and Drosophila that elucidate biological redundancy of chromatin insulator function and interplay with transcription with respect to topologically associating domain formation. Finally, we present novel concepts in spatiotemporal regulation of chromatin insulator function during differentiation and development and possible consequences of disrupted insulator activity on cellular proliferation., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Published by Elsevier Ltd.)