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Here we report a custom design setup for the simultaneous measurement of magneto-resistance and MOKE imaging in longitudinal configuration for characterization of magnetic thin-films and sensors. The setup is designed so as to cope with a small signal to noise ratio of initial images and to allow sensitive magnetoresistance (MR) measurement at low field. An improved differential algorithm is used to get a good enough contrast of the magnetic images and get rid of beam illumination or small camera gain fluctuations. Home made power supply and pre-amplifier stage were designed so as to reduce the low frequency noise as well as the thermal electrical noise. A vector magnet is used to produce rotational magnetic field so as to study the magnetic anisotropy and calculate the anisotropic constants in magnetic thin films. Magnetoresistive sensors patterned on epitaxial La$_{0.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$MnO$_3$ (LSMO) thin film have been characterized with this setup. The Images of the magnetization reversal process as well as the local magnetization loops deduced from these images provided evidence of a magnetic uniaxial anisotropy induced by the vicinal substrate. The magnetic anistropic constant of the films was then inferred from the MR measurements., Comment: 9 Pages, 9 Figures

In this paper, we present the spin-phonon coupling and dielectric response of nano-crystalline Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ employing Raman and dielectric spectroscopic study. Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ is a manganite compound , it undergoes a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic (PM-FM) phase transition around $T_c$ $\sim$172 K. Temperature-dependent Raman scattering experiment is carried out across $T_c$ to study the spin-phonon behavior in this material. The results from Raman study reveal an obvious softening of the phonon mode involving stretching vibrations of the (Co/Mn)O$_6$ octahedra in ferromagnetic temperature regions, indicating a close correlation between magnetism and lattice in Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ and conform the spin phonon coupling. Further, we have carried out detailed study on dielectric response, impedance spectroscopy, electric modulus and AC conductivity of Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ ceramics in the temperature range of 20 K - 300 K and frequency range of 1kHz - 5.5MHz. We found Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ shows strong frequency dependence with large dispersion and large dielectric constant. It is found that thermally activated relaxation mechanism is involve and material is deviated from Debye's model which is confirmed by Nyquist plot and complex modules behavior., Comment: 11 pages, 11 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.13473

Structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of Sm$_2$CoMnO$_6$ have been studied. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis show that the sample crystallizes in the monoclinic structure with \textit{P2$_1$/n} space group. Magnetic study shows that the sample undergoes a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition around $T_c$ $\sim$148 K and a low-temperature ordering of Sm$^{3+}$ moments. Temperature-dependent Raman study shows spin-phonon coupling present in this material. Dielectric response of Sm$_2$CoMnO$_6$ shows strong frequency dependence with large dispersion and large dielectric constant. Deviated from ideal Debye's model is found in impedance spectroscopy. Further, the activation energy obtained from tangent loss and complex impedance suggests that the relaxation process is due to electron hopping. AC conductivity has been studied to understand the conduction mechanism. The detailed analysis of AC conductivity shows that quantum mechanical tunneling of charges is involved in the conduction mechanism. The exponent obtained from AC conductivity measurements confirms the non-Debye's nature of Sm$_2$CoMnO$_6$., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1909.10590, arXiv:2003.07872

Structural, magnetization, phonon behavior, and dielectric response of nano-crystalline Gd$_2$CoMnO$_6$ have been presented in this paper. The study shows that the material crystallizes in $\textit{P2$_1$/n}$ phase group of the monoclinic crystal structure. XPS measurement shows Co$^{2+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ oxidation states are present in the sample. Magnetization study reveals that the sample undergoes a ferromagnetic ordering of Co$^{2+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$ magnetic ions around $T_c$ $\sim$132 K. However we have seen that with the application of external magnetic field the phase transition is largely suppressed. Raman study reveals the presence spin-phonon coupling in Gd$_2$CoMnO$_6$. Dielectric study reveals that the sample shows large dielectric constant and strong dispersion in mid frequency range. The dielectric loss shows there are two relaxation processes present in the material with different relaxation time and which are driven by thermally activated relaxation mechanics. Further, the Nyquist plot and AC conductivity study show that this sample is non-Debye's in nature., Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures

Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties have been studied for Yb$_2$CoMnO$_6$. Nano-crystalline sample of Yb$_2$CoMnO$_6$ synthesized by sol-gel method and structural analysis shows that the sample crystallizes in monoclinic crystal structure with \textit{P2$_1$/n} phase group. To understand the charge state of Co, Mn and Yb we have performed the XPS study. Magnetic study shows that the sample undergoes a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition around $T_c$ $\sim$56 K and an additional magnetic ordering at a lower temperature around 14 K due to ordering of Yb$^{3+}$ magnetic ions. Temperature dependent Raman study reveals that spin-phonon interaction is present in this material. Further, we have studied the dielectric properties of this material. We observed that the material shows a relaxation behavior that obeys the thermally activated relaxation mechanism. Impedance spectroscopy reveals that the material shows non-Debye's behavior. AC conductivity study is performed to understand the conduction mechanics which involve the quantum mechanical tunneling phenomenon., Comment: 11 pages, 15 figures

3$d$ based double perovskite materials have received much attention in recent years due to their exotic magnetic structure and magneto-electric coupling. In this work we have prepared and studied the nano-crystalline sample of Ho$_2$CoMnO$_6$. Structural, magnetic, Raman and dielectric properties have been studied in detail. The structural analysis shows that the sample crystallize in monoclanic crystal structure with $\textit{P2$_1$/n}$ phase group. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been employed to confirms the charge state of cations presents in the material. Magnetic study shows that the sample undergoes a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition around $T_c$ $\sim$85 K. The isothermal magnetization measurements shows hysteresis curve hence confirm ferromagnetic behavior at low temperature. Temperature dependent Raman study reveals that there is spin phonon coupling in the sample marked by deviation in phonon mode from anharmonic behavior. Dielectric response of Ho$_2$CoMnO$_6$ shows the large dispersion and large dielectric constant. Impedance spectroscopy and electrical modulus study reveal that system shows deviation from ideal Debye model. AC conductivity have been studied as a function of both temperature and frequency. We found that the conduction mechanism is obeyed by Jonscher's model. The exponent factor $n$ is suggest that the material deviates from ideal Debye model., Comment: 13 pages, 17 figures

To understand the nature of magnetic phase transition in nano-crystalline Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$, in present study we have investigated the critical behavior and magnetocaloric effect. To estimate the critical exponents, various methods have been adopted like; the modified Arrott plots (MAP), the Kouvel-Fisher method (KF) and the critical isotherm analysis. This material shows a second order type a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition around 160 K. The critical exponents obtained from modified Arrott plots are $\beta$ = 0.531, $\gamma$ = 0.935 and $T_c$ = 160 K. Kouvel-Fisher method gives the exponents as $\beta$ = 0.533$\pm$0.001 with $T_c$ = 160.72$\pm$0.03 K and $\gamma$ = 0.932$\pm$0.003 with $T_c$ = 160.15$\pm$0.05 K. The third exponent $\delta$ = 2.763$\pm$0.005 obtained from critical isothermal is in agreement with Wisdom scaling rule. The estimated critical exponents do not exactly match with any established universality class, however, the deduced exponent values suggest that spin interaction in the present material is close to mean-field model which suggests the existence of long-range ferromagnetic order in nano-crystalline Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$. The reliability of critical exponents is checked by universal scaling hypothesis on magnetic data across T$_c$. We have calculated the magnetic entropy change from magnetic data and found maximum value of -$\Delta$S = 2.05 (J kg$^{-1}$ K$^{-1}$) for 50 kOe at 180 K. Moreover, field dependent change in magnetic entropy obeys scaling and also indicates that the magnetic interaction is close to mean-field type., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures

Double perovskite (DP) oxide material receive extensive research interest due to exciting physical properties with potential technological application. 3$d$ based DP oxides are promising for exciting physics like magnetodielectric, ferroelectric, Griffith phase etc., specially Co/Mn DPs are gaining much research interest. In this paper we present the study of magnetic phase and transport properties in nano-crystalline Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ a 3$d$ based double perovskite compound. This material shows a paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase transition below 173 K marked by a rapid increase in magnetic moment due to spin ordering. We found divergence in inverse magnetic susceptibility ($\chi$$^{-1}$) from Curie weiss behavior around 206 K which indicates the evolution of Griffiths phase before actual PM-FM transition. We found that the Griffiths phase suppressed with increasing applied magnetic filed. For the understanding of charge transport in this material we have measured temperature dependent electrical resistivity. Pr$_2$CoMnO$_6$ is a strong insulator where resistivity increase abruptly below magnetic phase transition. To understand the effect of magnetic field on transport behavior we have also measured the magnetoresistance (MR) at different temperatures. Sample shows the negative MR with maximum value $\sim$22 $\%$ under applied magnetic field of 50 kOe at 125 K. MR follows quadratic field dependency above $T_c$ however below $T_c$ the MR shows deviation from this field dependency at low field., Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures