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Agricultural mechanization plays a pivotal role in transforming the farming sector across the globe. The number of patents granted in the field of agricultural mechanization hold significance as they encourage innovation, protect intellectual property and drive technological advancements. The present study examined patents data collected from XLPAT database, wherein 500,000 records out of which 479,010 patent grants/applications were considered. Trajectory of patents during COVID pandemic showed there was an apparent downturn in both the quantity of patent applications submitted and the number of patents officially granted. Developed countries have exhibited varying trends in agricultural mechanization and patent activities. China, the United States and India stand as examples. China has rapidly adopted mechanization in its agriculture, contributing to higher yields and efficiency. The United States has a long history of mechanized farming, and its advancements in this field have greatly impacted global agriculture. The standardization of reaping and threshing offer better agricultural equipments by agricultural startups. Expansion of patents in farm mechanization has led to increased productivity, resource efficiency, equity for small and marginal holders, affordability, eco-consciousness and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study that explored the changes in zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and other biochemical parameters during different physiological stages in healthy, pluriparous, cyclic Marwari goats. High glucose concentration was recorded during early and late gestation while transaminase activity remained low up to the third month of gestation. Findings also show that Zn concentration significantly increased at fourth month of gestation, while Cu concentration increased up to the mid of fifth month of gestation, but decreased thereafter.

The article discusses a study which investigated thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3-3'-5-triiodothyronine (T3), profile of Barbari and Jamunapari goats at different ages and their correlation with other blood constituents such as steroid hormones, enzymes, and metabolites. It reveals no significant fluctuations of T4 concentration at prepubertal, pubertal, and post pubertal age. It also notes the positive correlation between the thyroid hormones and estrogen.

The article presents a study which examined the biochemical profiles in Barbari and Jamunapari goats from birth to sexual maturity. The researchers found that glucose and cholesterol level were different between season and at different age. Glucose level in Barbari goats decreased at pre-pubertal age while Jamunapari goats have higher glucose level at one month of age.

The article presents a study on alkaline and acid phosphatases enzymes and steroid hormones in relation to the age and reproductive ability of Indian goats. The subjects originated from the Central Institute for Research on Goats in Makhdoom, India. It details the methods used to assess results including an enzyme immuno assay (EIA), a mixed model (MIXMDL PC-2) program, and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). Results show varied levels of the phosphatases and steroids in relation to the pre-pubertal, pubertal, and post-pubertal stages.

The article presents a study which investigated the micro-mineral levels of goats in India. Micro-minerals included blood zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and cobalt (Co), which were affected by the age and breed of the goats. The analysis of micro-minerals was conducted using a mixed model (MIXMDL PC-2) program and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). Results show that indigenous goats require a balanced supply of Zn, Cu and Co to attain optimum growth, production and reproduction.

The article discusses a study which examined the effectiveness of a treatment with progestagen in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on estrus induction, prevention of prolonged anestrus and fertility in noncycling buffaloes. It reveals that buffaloes which received a combination of progestagen and PMSG showed higher estrus and synchronization rates than the control group. It recommends the treatment with progestagen and PMSG at 120 days postpartum to induce estrus, prevent anestrus, and reduce the calving-conception interval.