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Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobe and catalase-positive bacterium responsible for various skin infections and life-threatening problems, including bacteremia and pneumonia. This bacterium produces a bunch of superantigens in the blood called enterotoxin. This toxin is responsible for food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. Moreover, Bovine mastitis is also associated with S. aureus. Further, S. aureus related to drug resistance makes the infection more dreadful. Now a day, various natural compounds such as phytochemicals are gaining importance as they are effective against many diseases, including S. aureus infections. The present study used molecular docking of three ligands, i.e., Kaempferol, Apigenin, and Quercetin, with enterotoxin A from S. aureus. The docking study revealed that the binding energy of ligands with receptors was -6.6 to -6.9 Kcal/mol. Kaempferol had the highest binding affinity of -6.9 Kcal/mol, suggesting it has a potential against S. aureus. Therefore, in the current research, we have tried to identify occurring compounds that might be used to develop an effective anti-S.aureus agent. The findings are encouraging and will aid researchers in creating new mastitis-fighting medications based on natural phytochemicals.

Immunizations are generally considered the most successful and cost-effective public health intervention employed today. Vaccine is an immunebiological substance designed to produce specic protection against given disease and also stimulates the production of protective antibody and other immune mechanisms. National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) conducted during 2015-16 reported that only 13.1 % children in between the age of 12-23 months are fully immunized in district Nuh. Study aimed to determine the knowledge and awareness of mothers of 12-23 months children about immunization in rural areas of district Nuh. A cross sectional study was conducted among mothers having children aged 12-23 months in the eld practice area of SHKM government medical college, Nuh. Data was collected using a pre-tested semi structured questionnaire from 228 mothers during a period of 12 months. In the study it was found that most of the mothers (92.1%) knew about immunization. Majority (89%) took their child for immunization. Most of (94.3%) mothers knew about the immunization programmes run by government while only 32.5% mothers knew names of vaccines given to children of 1 year age. It was also found that most of (78.1%) mothers had immunization card with them. Majority (96.9%) thought that government medicines were good but only (34.6%) knew about list of vaccines. In the study it was seen that 69.3% mothers knew about importance of vaccines and (60.1%) knew about AEFI management. Awareness generation campaigns can be planned and organized periodically to improve the knowledge, awareness and practices of immunization in the community.

For resource constraint network, one uses wireless sensor network in which limited resources are there for sensor nodes. Basic aim of sensor node is to sense something, monitor it and explain it. The issue arises for sensor node is its battery endurance. The battery endurance of sensor node is consuming in communication instead of sensing. In this regard clustering is using now a day’s which reduces endurance consumption. This paper comes with a new clustering protocol MESAEED (Mutual Exclusive Sleep Awake Energy Efficient Distributed clustering), which helps in saving endurance of sensor nodes so that network lifetime will prolong. It is an extension work of previous work MESADC. In previous work cluster head is chooses on the basis of sleep awake mode in mutual exclusive way under communication range and the results were obtained with the help of comparison graph between HEED and MESADC. The proposed MESAEED protocol provides benefit of A* algorithm of heuristic search, HEED and MESADC. MATLAB 8.3 is use for simulation purpose. The comparison graph between HEED, MESADC and proposed MESAEED were shown. Parameters for comparison include alive nodes versus number of rounds taken and number of nodes dead versus number of rounds taken. The graph shows improvement in performance over HEED and MESADC, which results in enhancing lifetime of WSN.

In today’s environment the aim of wireless sensor network is not restricted to data gathering. But also focus on extraction of useful information. Data aggregation is the term used for extraction of useful information. Data aggregation helps in gathering and aggregating data in energy-efficient way so that network lifetime is heightened. This paper presents a data aggregation approach Mutual Exclusive Sleep Awake Distributed Data Aggregation (MESA2DA). This approach merges with our previous work Mutual Exclusive Sleep Awake Distributed Clustering (MESADC). MESA2DA approach selects cluster head on the basis of MESADC protocol. After that, data aggregation is done by cluster head on its cluster members to remove redundancy, so that the packets delivered to base station are reduced which helps in prolonging lifetime of wireless sensor network. The results obtained with MESA2DA approach are compared with HEED protocols in terms of average energy, delay, throughput, and packet delivery ratio and one finds that the proposed approach is efficient in prolonging lifetime of wireless sensor network.

Introduction Root canal preparation leads to deviation of the canal anatomy causing canal transportation which affects the success of the treatment. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a non invasive imaging technique to analyse the shape of the root canal before and after the preparation. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the canal transportation in curved mandibular molar root canals and centering ability of Reciproc and One Shape file systems after instrumentation using CBCT. Materials and methods Twenty mandibular molars were taken and allocated into two groups (n=10): Group 1-One Shape and Group 2-Reciproc. The canals were then scanned using CS 3D CBCT scanner (Carestream) before and after preparation, to assess the transportation and centering values at different levels respectively from the apex. The data gathered were then assessed statistically with Mann-Whitney test. Results Analysis revealed that Reciproc and One Shape showed statistically no significant difference in terms of canal transportation and centering ability (p>0.05). Conclusion One shape and Reciproc performed similar in terms of canal transportation & centering ability.

Tuberculous and Cryptococcal meningitis are common in HIV patients. A highly specific and sensitive rapid test for diagnosis of Tuberculous meningitis especially in setting of HIV is not available in developing countries where the burden of disease is high. We measured ADA (adenosine deaminase) levels using spectrophotometric method in the CSF of HIV patients with meningitis to differentiate Tuberculous meningitis from meningitis due to other causes. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare ADA values between tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and nontuberculous (non-TB) meningitis patients and a receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis curve was drawn from these values. Levels of ADA in the CSF of patients with TBM were significantly higher than those in patients with meningitis due to other causes. CSF ADA level determination with a cut-off value of 6 IU/L was found to be highly specific and fairly sensitive test for the diagnosis of TBM in HIV positive patients.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated lymphadenopathy. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Tertiary care teaching hospital, India. PATIENTS Fifty consecutive HIV-positive patients, who presented with lymphadenopathy at the out-patient department and antiretroviral therapy clinic. RESULTS Tubercular lymphadenitis was the most common diagnosis, reported in 74% (n=37) of patients; 97.2% of them were acid-fast bacilli-positive. Reactive lymphadenitis and fungal lymphadenitis were present in 10 and 1 cases, respectively. The most common cytomorphological pattern of tubercular lymphadenitis was necrotising suppurative lymphadenitis, present in 43.2% (n=16) of patients. Of eight biopsies done in reactive cases, six turned out to be tubercular lymphadenitis. Fine-needle aspiration cytology had a sensitivity of 83.7% for diagnosing tubercular lymphadenitis. CONCLUSION Necrotising suppurative lymphadenitis should be recognised as an established pattern of tubercular lymphadenitis. Reactive patterns should be considered inconclusive rather than a negative result, and re-evaluated with lymph node biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is an excellent test for diagnosing tubercular lymphadenitis in HIV-associated lymphadenopathy.

As a first study, the use the Gabor filter bank is made to generate features for face recognition. The features so obtained on the application of SVM classifier yields accuracy rate of 96.2%. With a view to improve the performance, two more feature types, viz., wavelet features and wavelet-fuzzy features resulting from the application of 2D wavelet transform on the Composite detail images and the Approximate images at 3 levels of decomposition, are devised. The ROCs of three feature types show that wavelet-fuzzy features have a better performance. The performance of Gabor features is slightly inferior to that of wavelet-fuzzy features. The algorithm was tested on ORL (Olivetti Research Laboratory) database that has slight orientations in face images.