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Background: Solid lipids Nanoparticles (SLN) comprise physiological and biocompatible lipids. SLN is an alternative carrier system to polymeric nanoparticles or liposomes. It has been claimed that SLN offers combined advantages and avoids the disadvantages of other colloidal carrier systems. Aim: The research aims to fabricate and evaluate the carbocisteine solid lipid nanoparticles loaded in situ gel. Methodology: SLN was prepared by using glycerol monostearate as a solid lipid and by high-pressure homogenization (Panda plus 2000) method using poloxamer 188 as a stabilizer to improve its bioavailability and reduce particle size. The quality-by-design concept was used to develop the SLN by optimizing process variables. Result and discussion: The drug and excipient compatibility study was checked using FTIR, and no interaction between both was found. Optimized SLN of carbocisteine were evaluated for zeta potential, particle size, and % drug release, found results as -19.67 mv, 50 to 200 nm, and up to 70.84%, respectively. Optimized gel batches were also evaluated for the stability study. Conclusion: All the batches were evaluated for various parameters. The F6 batch was optimized based on particle size, stability, Zeta potential, and release pattern. SLN could provide a better advantage of good penetration and targeting to treat pulmonary disease.

While the radio-cephalic arterio-venous fistula (RCAVF) remains the procedure of choice for hemodialysis, the value of the ulnar-basilic arterio-venous fistula (UBAVF) is perhaps underappreciated. The challenge of placing the forearm in a suitable and comfortable position for both the surgeon and the patient during the creation of the UBAVF may be an important factor inhibiting its use. We present a new method of hand positioning in the creation of the UBAVF that we have termed the “Royal Wave” position, which facilitates both patient comfort and surgical access intraoperatively. Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease stage -V were operated upon for the creation of UBAVF following the standardized protocol in the Royal Wave position. Patency (by Color Doppler) was recorded before discharge. Patients were clinically followed up for a period of 3 months. A total of five patients (four males) with the age range of 43–66 years were studied. The position was found to be comfortable for patients and suitable for surgeons. All five patients had successful creation of fistulas that remained patent, which was documented by Doppler report prior to discharge. The patients were followed up till 3 months post fistula creation. Thrombosis was not seen in any patient, and the basilic veins arterialized and were used for dialysis in all five patients. This innovation in positioning, the “Royal Wave” position improves the comfort of both the operator and the patient during surgery, and merits consideration when creating a UBAVF.

Background: Multi-particulate drug delivery systems (microbeads) deliver drugs over an extended period, distributing them evenly throughout the gastrointestinal tract and minimizing local irritation. Microbeads are small, solid, free-flowing particulate carriers that contain drug particles that have been dispersed and are either crystalline in solution. Aim: The present work explores the potential of the carbocisteine-loaded floating microparticulate drug delivery system. Methodology: Floating microbeads were prepared using the ionotropic gelation method and optimized using Central Composite Design. Result and discussion: Floating microbeads of prepared carbocisteine were evaluated for the FTIR study, which reveals no interaction between the drug and other excipients. Buoyancy time, drug content, particle size, and % drug release were also characterized; it found that drug release was 90.24 %, up to 17 hours, 250 to 220 µm, and drug content 96.67%, respectively, for the optimized batch. An accelerated stability study was performed, showing that the formulation was stable. Floating microparticulate drugs were prepared, and batch B-3 was optimized based on in-vitro buoyancy and release patterns. The floating ability of the beads was observed visually for 10 to 17 hr, and an increase in polymer concentration decreased the swelling of the beads. Conclusion: The results obtained from the formulation batch B-3 show good results for all the parameters tested. Floating microbeads could be the best possible approach to deliver drugs with the benefit of reduced dosing frequency

Abstract As the rise of nonfullerene acceptors (NFA) has allowed lab‐scale organic solar cells (OSC) to reach 20% efficiency, translating these devices into roll‐to‐roll compatible fabrication still poses many challenges for researchers. Among these are the use of green solvent solubility for large‐scale manufacture, roll‐to‐roll compatible fabrication, and, not least, information on charge carrier dynamics in each upscaling step, to further understand the gap in performance. In this work, the reproducibility of champion devices using slot‐die coating with 14% power conversion efficiency (PCE) is demonstrated, under the condition that the optimal thickness is maintained. It is further shown that for the donor:acceptor (D:A) blend PM6:Y12, the processing solvent has a more significant impact on charge carrier dynamics compared to the deposition technique. It is found that the devices processed with o‐xylene feature a 40% decrease in the bimolecular recombination coefficient compared to those processed with CB, as well as a 70% increase in effective mobility. Finally, it is highlighted that blade‐coating yields devices with similar carrier dynamics to slot‐die coating, making it the optimal choice for lab‐scale optimization with no significant loss in translation toward up‐scale.

Abstract Early detection of oral cancer in low-resource settings necessitates a Point-of-Care screening tool that empowers Frontline-Health-Workers (FHW). This study was conducted to validate the accuracy of Convolutional-Neural-Network (CNN) enabled m(mobile)-Health device deployed with FHWs for delineation of suspicious oral lesions (malignant/potentially-malignant disorders). The effectiveness of the device was tested in tertiary-care hospitals and low-resource settings in India. The subjects were screened independently, either by FHWs alone or along with specialists. All the subjects were also remotely evaluated by oral cancer specialist/s. The program screened 5025 subjects (Images: 32,128) with 95% (n = 4728) having telediagnosis. Among the 16% (n = 752) assessed by onsite specialists, 20% (n = 102) underwent biopsy. Simple and complex CNN were integrated into the mobile phone and cloud respectively. The onsite specialist diagnosis showed a high sensitivity (94%), when compared to histology, while telediagnosis showed high accuracy in comparison with onsite specialists (sensitivity: 95%; specificity: 84%). FHWs, however, when compared with telediagnosis, identified suspicious lesions with less sensitivity (60%). Phone integrated, CNN (MobileNet) accurately delineated lesions (n = 1416; sensitivity: 82%) and Cloud-based CNN (VGG19) had higher accuracy (sensitivity: 87%) with tele-diagnosis as reference standard. The results of the study suggest that an automated mHealth-enabled, dual-image system is a useful triaging tool and empowers FHWs for oral cancer screening in low-resource settings.

Nanogel systems loaded with nanosuspension area promising approach tonose-to-brain delivery in order to reduce the dose and dosing frequency and also improve the bioavailability of the drug. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop a nanosuspension-loaded insitu nasal nanogel of nortriptyline HCl (NTH) to achieve effective administration through the intranasal route to reach the brain via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves to improve the therapeutic efficiency. A nanoprecipitation–ultrasonication method followed by high-pressure homogenization was elected for the preparation of the nanosuspension, which was further incorporated into the in situ gelling polymer solution. The optimized nanosuspension-loaded nanogels were prepared using gellan gum. The optimized formulation showed an average particle size of 10–100 nm, a good PDI value, an increase in solubility, a good gelation property, and the desired viscosity to adhere to the nasal mucosa after ionic interactions. In vitro drug release was found to be greater than a drug solution over a period of 60 min. Spreadability and viscosity studies showed better results in achieving a good residence time. Hence, it was proved that insitu nanogel is one of the best possible approaches for the targeting of drugs toward the brain in nanoform.

Nowadays, smoking and tobacco-related habits (chewing tobacco) are recognized as the most frequent environmental risk factor for periodontal disorders. Atorvastatin calcium (ATV) is a well-known lipid-lowering drug, but recent studies have discussed its pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory properties, anti-bacterial properties, etc. This anti-inflammatory effect can be studied as an adjunct for scaling and root planing (a non-surgical process to remove dental tartar and smooth root surfaces) for periodontic problems. The goal of the study is to formulate and evaluate ATV-niosomes, introduce them in a gel-based formulation by utilizing an appropriate gelling agent, and evaluate them for various parameters. The niosomal vesicles were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. Gel was prepared using the dispersion method, and an in vitro drug release study was conducted using a Franz diffusion cell. According to the results evaluated, ATV niosomal gels loaded with different concentrations of Carbopol 934 were effectively produced utilizing ATV-niosomes that were formulated through the thin-film hydration process using cholesterol and Span 60. The ATV-niosomes showed the highest entrapment efficiency, up to 84%, and the zeta potential (−18 mV) and PDI (0.106) showed stable and homogenous behavior in the vesicles formed. The performance of the optimized gel containing 1% Carbopol 934 showed in vitro release of up to 8 h following zero-order release. The gel also proved to have antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. Therefore, we conclude that 1% Carbopol 934 gel comprising ATV-niosomes showed a prolonged effect compared to plain ATV and can effectively work to improve the periodontal condition as an adjunct to scaling and root planing.

Spasticity is a disorder characterized by an unnatural rise in muscular tone or stiffness, which may impair speech or movement and be accompanied by discomfort or pain. Spasticity can occur due to upper motor neuron dysfunction, which comes about when there is a disturbance of the inhibitory descending spinal motor pathways. The aim of the present work is to formulate nanoemulsion-loaded metaxalone and evaluate it for various parameters. Metaxalone is used with rest, physical therapy, and other measures to relax muscles and relieve pain and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, and other muscle injuries. The phase titration method was used to plot a pseudo ternary phase diagram to select the ratio of the oil to surfactant. The nanoemulsion was prepared using the high-speed homogenization method and an in vitro drug release study was conducted using a Franz diffusion cell. The optimized batch showed the highest entrapment efficiency, up to 93%, and the zeta potential −33 mV and PDI 0.321 showed the stable and homogenous behavior of the globule formed. It also showed an in vitro release of up to 8 h following a zero-order release. Therefore, we conclude that the nanoemulsion containing metaxalone showed a prolonged effect compared to plain metaxalone and can effectively work to improve the muscle conditions to relieve pain and injury.