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When faced with questions about artificial intelligence (AI), many surgeons respond with scepticism and rejection. However, in the realm of cardiac surgery, it is imperative that we embrace the potential of AI and adopt a proactive mindset. This systematic review utilizes PubMed® to explore the intersection of AI and cardiac surgery since 2017. AI has found applications in various aspects of cardiac surgery, including teaching aids, diagnostics, predictive outcomes, surgical assistance, and expertise. Nevertheless, challenges such as data computation errors, vulnerabilities to malware, and privacy concerns persist. While AI has limitations, its restricted capabilities without cognitive and emotional intelligence should lead us to cautiously and partially embrace this advancing technology to enhance patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydronephrosis is defined as aseptic distension of the renal calyces and pelvis with urine as a result of partial obstruction of the outflow of urine. It is a clinical condition which is caused by dilatation of the renal collecting system most frequently caused by incomplete or complete obstruction. Although this condition is quite common yet its incidence and prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and management is less commonly reported in literature especially in context with adults and non-pregnant women. This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the etiology, classify causes of hydronephrosis and to study common clinical presentation of Hydronephrosis. hydronephrosis was seen as a highly male dominant disease with renal calculi as the major aetiology and BPH and VUR being age-associated risk factors. Aetiology based management of hydronephrosis yielded good outcome. The present study is perhaps the first detailed clinco-pathological profile of hydronephrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon condition with a high risk of death due to spontaneous rupture. The symptoms are nonspecific and diagnosis is often delayed. Surgical repair is the treatment of choice despite associated operative mortality., Aim: Here we present a retrospective analysis of our experience in managing LV pseudoaneurysms over an 11-year period., Material and Methods: Between May 2009 and April 2020, 7 patients (6 males and 1 female) with LV pseudoaneurysm underwent surgical repair at our center. Hospital records were accessed to obtain relevant clinical information and treatment outcomes. The mean age was 41.86 years (range: 7-73 years). Etiologies were post-myocardial infarction (4 patients) and prior endocarditis/pericarditis (3 patients). Pseudoaneurysms were posterobasal in 4 patients and apical in 3 patients. All the patients underwent surgical repair with resection of pseudoaneurysm and patch repair of the ventricular wall defect., Results: All patients tolerated surgery well with no perioperative mortality or morbidity. Clinical condition and echocardiographic findings remained stable in all patients over their follow-up period (3 months to 3 years). Mortality occurred in a 73-year-old patient with post-MI posterobasal pseudoaneurysm, 15 months after surgery due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease., Conclusion: LV pseudoaneurysm is an entity that carries a high mortality risk. Timely diagnosis and early surgical intervention significantly improve the outcome., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Polish Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons (Polskie Towarzystwo KardioTorakochirurgów) and the editors of the Polish Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska).)