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Liquid biopsies, based on cell free DNA (cfDNA) and proteins, have shown the potential to detect early stage cancers of diverse tissue types. However, most of these studies were retrospective, using individuals previously diagnosed with cancer as cases and healthy individuals as controls. Here, we developed a liquid biopsy assay, named the hepatocellular carcinoma screen (HCCscreen), to identify HCC from the surface antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) positive asymptomatic individuals in the community population. The training cohort consisted of individuals who had liver nodules and/or elevated serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, and the assay robustly separated those with HCC from those who were non-HCC with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 93%. We further applied this assay to 331 individuals with normal liver ultrasonography and serum AFP levels. A total of 24 positive cases were identified, and a clinical follow-up for 6-8 mo confirmed four had developed HCC. No HCC cases were diagnosed from the 307 test-negative individuals in the follow-up during the same timescale. Thus, the assay showed 100% sensitivity, 94% specificity, and 17% positive predictive value in the validation cohort. Notably, each of the four HCC cases was at the early stage (

Objective To analyze the effect of surgical margin on the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and to explore the distance of margin of ICC hepatectomy to be recommended. Methods The clinical and pathological data of patients with ICC were collected from January 2011 to January 2017 in the Cancer Hospital in Beijing. Single-factor and multi-factor Cox analysis were used to explore risk factors that affected the prognosis of ICC. Kaplan-Meier method was used for recurrent free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) curves. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to study the relationship between R0 margin distance and OS or RFS, and the recommended distance of surgical margin. Results There were 71 patients with median RFS 8 months and OS 17 months after follow-up from 2 to 107 months in this study. One, 3 and 5 year RFS were 35%, 20% and 10%, and OS 68%, 38%, and 23%, respectively. It was shown by Cox regression analysis that the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging, surgical margin, alpha-fetoprotein, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were independent risk factors of the prognosis of ICC patients. R0 resection was in 59 (83%) cases and R1 resection in 12 (17%) cases. R0 resection was found to be more likely in the patients when tumor was single, in stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ of AJCC or of Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan (LCSGJ) after comparison the preoperative clinicopathological factors between R0 resection and R1 resection. Original data was pathological margin and for the shrinkage during preparation of pathological specimens, the pathological margin converted to surgical margin. Using restricted cubic spline and Kaplan-Meier method it was shown that wider margin group (>0.5 cm-0.1 cm-≤0.5 cm). Conclusions R1 resection would be an independent risk factor for the prognosis of ICC patients. When the tumor is single, AJCC staging or LCSGJ staging in stage Ⅰ or stage Ⅱ, it could be more likely to have R0 resection and surgical margin at least 0.5 cm or more could improve the prognosis.

The microbial manufacturing industry is developing rapidly in China owing to the policy of “green production, energy saving, and emission reduction”. This industry involves agriculture, food, energy, chemical, and other fields and generates great economic benefits and social values. In this article, we describe the development trend of the global microbial manufacturing industry, summarize the development status of China’s microbial manufacturing industry in the fields of fermented food, biological fertilizer, enzyme preparation, bio-based material, and biomass energy, and analyze the opportunities and challenges of the industry in China. The research technology of China’s microbial manufacturing industry is constantly reforming and innovating, the production level of some major fermentation industries ranks among the top in the world, new strains and products continue to increase, and the scale of industrial production is gradually expanding. However, China’s microbial manufacturing industry still lacks independence regarding core strains, cutting-edge scientific research technologies, and key production equipment. Moreover, we suggest that China’s microbial manufacturing industry should improve its independent research and development capabilities, strengthen cross-industry innovation, develop intelligent equipment for industrial production, and accelerate the transformation of scientific research results.

Objective To investigate the effect of wide surgical margin on the prognosis of patients with single intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) undergoing hepatectomy and the effect of microvascular invasion (MVI) on the treatment of hepatectomy with both wide surgical margin and narrow surgical margin. Methods From December 2011 to December 2017, the clinicopathological data of 302 patients with single ICC who underwent radical resection were retrospectively studied in 13 medical centers. According to the width of surgical margin, there were 126 patients (41.7%) in wide surgical margin group (≥1 cm) and 176 patients (58.3%) in narrow surgical margin group (0.05). Disease-free survival rate in wide surgical margin group before PSM was significantly higher than that in narrow surgical margin group (P=0.005), while overall survival rate showed no statistically significant difference (P=0.053). After PSM, both overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate in wide surgical margin group were significantly higher than those in narrow surgical margin group (P0.05). In MVI negative group, however both overall survival rate and disease-free survival rate were significantly higher in the patients with wide surgical margin hepatectomy than in those with narrow surgical margin (P

The constructional safety of bridge foundation under wave condition is related to the stability of bridge construction and needs to be paid enough attention. In this paper, the numerical models of wave acting on bridge foundations with the same wave area and four different sections of circular, round-end, rectangular and polygonal are established using numerical simulation based on the improved RNG κ-ε Model. The VOF method is used to simulate the free surface. The force differences are compared and analyzed with three-dimensional flow field data. The results indicate that under the same wave condition, the total horizontal wave force of circular structure is the smallest and that of the rectangular structure is the largest with the amplitude about 10% larger than that of the circular structure. Under the action of wave, the flow will be bypassed around the foundation, which will increase the flow velocity at part of the structure and cause concentration of flow velocity. This phenomenon is most prominent around rectangular structure, similar to that of polygonal structure, while the flow velocity concentration of circular and roundend structure is relatively weaker. Compared with the numerical simulation results, the wave force of the equivalent cylinder calculated according to the code is 23% ~ 29% larger, and the wave force calculated according to the equivalent square cylinder is 10% ~ 13% larger. From the perspective of engineering design, the use of circular arc structure design is conducive to reducing the wave load and weakening the increase and the concentration of flow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]