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The Uruguayan Creole Horse corresponds to the biotype of American horse for work, adapted and bred in vast cattle areas. The objective of this work is to study its genetic variability and to establish the differentiation among farms included in the sample with the purpose of analyzing the variability among them.The study is carried out using 16 genetic markers (7 blood groups and 9 protein polymorphisms), analyzing 145 CHU that corresponds to 4 farms of different regions of the country. The electrophoretic systems tested on the 4 farms (A, B, C, D) were in Hardy-Weinbergequilibrium. The genetic variability in each race was estimated through the average expected heterozygosity (HI) for the 16 genetic markers (GM),the total number of alleles (NA) and the inbreeding coeficient (F). The respective results were: HI= -.424, NA= 62 and F=.049. The variability of each farms was evaluated through the F indexand the HI. All the farms showed negative f, the lowest variability was found in B (HI= -.265). The Nei distance was calculated among the 4 farms. Increasing order respect to A was: C (.007), D (.014) and B (.058). A cluster analysis was done through the UPGMA method, obtaining a dendogram in whichfarms A, C and D are clustered. It is concluded that the UCH has a genetic variability from intermediate to high, keeping the polimorphism of its ancestral races. On regards to the variability on the farms, it is verified the presence of a line (B) in the race., El caballo Criollo del Uruguay (CCU) corresponde al biotipo de caballo de trabajo americano, adaptado y criado en vastas zonas ganaderas. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar su variabilidad genética y establecer la diferenciación entre las subpoblaciones que componen la muestra con el fin de analizar la variabilidad entre las mismas.El estudio se realiza mediante 16 marcadores genéticos (7 grupos sanguíneos y 9 polimorfismos bioquímicos), analizándose 145 CCU pertenecientes a 4 Departamentos del país.Los sistemas electroforéticos analizados dentro de las 4 subpoblaciones (A, B, C, D) se encontraron en equilibrio génico. La variabilidad genética racial se estimó mediante el Índice de Heterocigosidad media esperada (IH) para los 16 marcadores genéticos (MG), el número total de variantes y el índice de consanguinidad (f). Los resultados fueron: 0.424, 62 y 0,049 respectivamente. La variabilidad de cada una de las subpoblaciones se evaluó mediante el índice F de fijación deWright(F) y el IH. Todas las subpoblaciones presentaron F negativo, siendo la de menor variabilidad la B (IH= 0.265). Se calculó la distancia genética de Nei entre las 4 subpoblaciones. Esta fue en orden creciente con respecto a la A: C (0.007), D (0.014) y B (0.058).Se realizó un análisis de "cluster" mediante el método de UPGMA, obteniéndose un dendograma en el que se agrupan las subpoblaciones A, C y D.Se puede concluir que el CCU tiene una variabilidad genética de intermedia a alta, conservando el polimorfismos de las razas ancestrales. En cuanto a la variabilidad intrapoblacional se comprueba la presencia de una línea (B) dentro de la raza. &nbsp

The aim of this work is to charaterize at least tentatively the Criollo Horses of Uruguay through blood genetic markers. This breed, whose origin goes back to horses brought to Rio de la Plata in 1538 from Spain, nowadays, after more than four centuries in its environment, owns unique zootechnical traits and well developed rusticity. We have studied 7 systems of blood groups (A, C, D, K, P, Q and U) and 6 of biochemical polymorphisms (A1B, Al, Tf, alk-Es, PGD, PGM) in a sample of 99 Criollo Horses of Uruguay. The most polymorphic loci were the D blood group system with 13 alleles, Ddelo, Dadl and Ddkl being the 3 most frequent ones, and the Tf locus, that displayed 7 alleles, D and F2 having the highest frequency. The genetic variability of the sample was estimated through the average heterozigosity that reached a value of 0.435. Concerning the origin of the breed, we have to stress the presence in our sample of TfJ and Dcfgk, breed allele markers of the Spanish Pure Breed Horse. We conclude from these results that the present days Criollo Horses of Uruguay have preserved some blood genetic traits of its ancestors that differentiate them from the other Criollo Horses, displaying at the same time an important amount of genetic variability as shown by the high value of average heterozigosity. En esta comunicación preliminar, presentamos la evaluación de las frecuencias alélicas obtenidas en 7 sistemas de grupos sanguíneos (A, C, D, K, P, Q y U) y 6 polimorfismos bioquímicos (A1B, Al, Es alcalina, Tf, PGD y PGM) en una muestra de 99 Caballos Criollos del Uruguay (CCU). Los sistemas más polimórficos fueron el sistema D, con 13 alelos siendo los más frecuentes: Ddelo, Dadl y Ddkl, y el locus Tf con 7 alelos siendo los más frecuentes: D y F2. Todos los sistemas electroforéticos se encontraron en equilibrio génico. La variabilidad genética de la muestra estudiada se estimó mediante el Índice de Heterocigosidad esperada, el cual presentó un valor de 0,435. En la muestra analizada se destaca la presencia de la variante TfJ y del alelo Dcfgk, marcadores característicos de la Pura Raza Española (PRE). Se puede concluir que estos datos proporcionan información de que los Caballos Criollos Uruguayos conservan parte del potencial genético de sus ancestros, manteniendo características propias y diferentes a la de las otros Caballos Criollos. En cuanto a la variabilidad genética, a pesar de ser una muestra pequeña, presentó un índice de heterocigosidad bastante alto.

"The optimization of load flow for assigned constrains (i.e. . assigned active and reactive power for load buses, . adequate levels of voltage and so on) in terms of . minimization of the joule losses is one of the fundamental . tasks that the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) architecture has . to solve in a Smart Grid (SG) system. In the present paper . a recent modern heuristic called MeTEO (Metric - . Topological - Evolutionary Optimization) is applied to . this task for an assigned power to be delivered to loads. . This heuristic is suitable to solve this complicated . problem, thanks to its good exploration and convergence . capabilities. In addition, its performances can be further . improved also by using a parallel programming. The . presented MeTEO approach has been validated by . minimizing joule losses of a small 14 Bus Power System . and a larger 118 Bus Power System, both related to the . IEEE Common Data Format, and by comparing the . obtained results with those returned by the MATPOWER . simulator. "