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The article focuses on a study that investigates the effect of cadmium on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) processes in the cultured primary cerebral cortical neurons of rats.

The article offers information on a study which examines the effects of zearalenone on expression and apoptosis of caspase 3 and 9 in Leydig cells.

The article discusses a study related to the determination of the role of autophagy in neurotoxicity in rats using rat primary cerebral cortical neurons induced by different concentrations of cadmium. Topics discussed include the use of immunofluorescence to examine the autophagosomes, determination of the level of light-chain 3 by western-blotting technique, and the significance of autophagy in protecting cadmium injury.

The article presents a study that evaluates the impact of ATPase, trichloron on [Ca+]i, and gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) on the primary-cultured hepatocytes of Sprague Dawley (SD) rat.

The article presents a study on the oxidation damage of weaning rat and protective effect of N-acetyl cysteine by exposure to lead in perinatal female rats in China. The procedure comprises of the observation of histological structure and ultrastructure of hippocamp and the measurement of weaning rat. Result shows that there were no evident of histopathological change of hippocamp neuron among groups and perinatal female rats' exposure lead could induce lipid peroxidation of weaning rat's brain.

The article presents a study on the effect of dimethoate on liver cell apoptosis in rats in China. The apoptotic cells were observed after 12 and 24-hour exposure to dimethoate with the use of electron and fluorescence microscope, while apoptosis rate was analyzed by annexin. The study shows that low dosage of dimethoate can cause apoptosis of liver cells.

The article presents a study on the toxicity of cadmium on the primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells and the protective effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in China. The use of CCK-8 reduction method and the apoptosis helps to detect cell survival. The study shows that apoptosis may be mediated by oxidative stress and NAC has a protective effect on the toxic damage caused by cadmium.

The article presents a study on the toxicity of dimethoate on rats and explores its oxidative stress mechanism in the liver of rats.

The article offers information on the effects of cadmium and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on primary cerebral cortical neurons of neonatal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

The article presents a study regarding the toxicological effects of the two heavy metals including lead acetate and cadmium chloride towards the kidneys of rats. It investigates the antioxidant indices and ultrastructural findings in the renal cortex. It states that oxidative damage is one of the synergestic effect of lead and cadmium coadministration which results to nephrotoxicity.

A high concentration of Zearalenone (ZEA) will perturb the differentiation of germ cells, and induce a death of germ cells, but the toxic mechanism and molecular mechanism remain unclear. The Sertoli cells (SCs) play an irreplaceable role in spermatogenesis. In order to explore the potential mechanism of ZEA male reproductive toxicity, we studied the effects of ZEA on cell proliferation, cell-cycle distribution, cell-cycle-related proteins and autophagy-related pathway the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in primary cultured rats SCs, and the effects of autophagy and PI3K/AKT/m TOR signaling pathway on the SCs cell-cycle arrest induced by ZEA treated with the autophagy promoter RAPA, autophagy inhibitor CQ, and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, respectively. The data revealed that ZEA could inhibit the proliferation of SCs by arresting the cell cycle in the G2/M phase and trigger the autophagy via inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Promoting or inhibiting the level of autophagy could either augment or reverse the arrest of cell cycle. And it was regulated by PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provides evidence that autophagy and PI3K/Akt/m TOR signaling pathway are involved in regulating rats primary SCs cell-cycle arrest due to ZEA in vitro. To some extent, ZEA-induced autophagy plays a protective role in this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]