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BACKGROUND: Management of patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) requires subspecialized, comprehensive, multidisciplinary care. The Pulmonary Fibrosis Foundation established the Care Center Network (CCN) in 2013 with identified criteria to become a designated CCN site. Despite these criteria, the essential components of an ILD clinic remain unknown. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: How are ILD clinics within the CCN structured? What are the essential components of an ILD clinic according to ILD physician experts, patients, and caregivers? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study had three components. First, all 68 CCN sites were surveyed to determine the characteristics of their current ILD clinics. Second, an online, three-round modified Delphi survey was conducted between October and December 2019 with 48 ILD experts participating in total. Items for round 1 were generated using expert interviews. During rounds 1 and 2, experts rated the importance of each item on a 5-point Likert scale. The a priori threshold for consensus was more than 75% of experts rating an item as important or very important. In round 3, experts graded items that met consensus and ranked items deemed essential for an ILD clinic. Third, ILD patient and caregiver focus groups were conducted and analyzed for content to determine their perspectives of an ideal ILD clinic. RESULTS: Forty items across four categories (members, infrastructure, resources, and multidisciplinary conference) achieved consensus as essential to an ILD clinic. Patient and caregiver focus groups identified three major themes: comprehensive, patient-centered medical care; expanded access to care; and comprehensive support for living and coping with ILD. INTERPRETATION: The essential components of an ILD clinic are well-aligned between physician experts and patients. Future research can use these findings to evaluate the impact of these components on patient outcomes and to inform best practices for ILD clinics throughout the world.

This communication introduces a highly efficient, safe and sustainable flow protocol for the oxidative neutralization of sulfur-based chemical warfare agent simulants using ozone. The methodology employs preliminary in silico mechanistic studies and chemical analogy studies with DFT to scout reaction profiles and kinetics. It unveils crucial parameters that guide selectivity and prevent the formation of undesirable overoxidized by-products. This computational foundation is seamlessly translated into real-world neutralization experiments conducted under flow conditions, yielding remarkably swift neutralization rates under mild conditions. Full oxidative neutralization of CWA simulants with ozone is achieved within a second, without the need for additives or catalysts, in an EtOH/water mixture. This convergence of computational insights and experimental validation provides a promising avenue toward new neutralization protocols, foreseeing transformative possibilities with low waste generation and high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of micro/meso‐fluidic reactors has resulted in both new scenarios for chemistry and new requirements for chemists. Through flow chemistry, large‐scale reactions can be performed in drastically reduced reactor sizes and reaction times. This obvious advantage comes with the concomitant challenge of re‐designing long‐established batch processes to fit these new conditions. The reliance on experimental trial‐and‐error to perform this translation frequently makes flow chemistry unaffordable, thwarting initial aspirations to revolutionize chemistry. By combining computational chemistry and machine learning, we have developed a model that provides predictive power tailored specifically to flow reactions. We show its applications to translate batch to flow, to provide mechanistic insight, to contribute reagent descriptors, and to synthesize a library of novel compounds in excellent yields after executing a single set of conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]