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Background: Spiroergometry is important for modern performance diagnostics, and reference values have been evaluated for bicycle and treadmill ergometers. The aim of this study is to assess the comparability of bicycle and hand-crank spiroergometry and its associated parameters, as hand-crank spiroergometry can be used during rehabilitation in patients with definitive or temporally impairment of the lower extremity. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers completed 2 exhausting performance diagnostics on hand-crank and bicycle spiroergometry. Participants' anthropometric characteristics, maximum power, multiple exertion criteria, maximum aerobic capacity, and maximum heart rate were detected, and ventilatory and metabolic thresholds were determined. Results: The maximum power, maximum heart rate, maximum aerobic capacity, and ventilatory thresholds were significant higher on the bicycle ergometer (P <.001). The metabolic thresholds occurred on higher lactate values on the hand-crank ergometer. Equations for calculating maximum aerobic capacity from the maximum power measured in either hand-crank or bicycle ergometer could be found through regression analysis. Conclusions: Although there are problems in interpreting results of different ergometries due to severe physiology differences, the equations can be used for patients who are temporally unable to complete the established ergometry due to a deficit in the lower extremity. This could improve training recommendations for patients and para-athletes in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recreational cyclists with a transtibial amputation (TTA) exhibit kinematic and kinetic asymmetries between their biological and affected legs, which may worsen efficiency. Use of unequal crank arm lengths and/or a cycling-specific prosthesis (CSP) could reduce mechanical asymmetries and improve efficiency. Purpose: We determined the effects of shorter affected side (AS) crank arm lengths and cycling with two different prostheses on joint and crank power, asymmetry, and net efficiency. Methods: Twelve participants with a TTA rode at 1.5 W·kg−1 with equal (175 mm) and shorter AS crank arms (160, 165, 170 mm) using a daily-use prosthesis and CSP. We used statistical parametric mapping to determine differences in instantaneous joint and crank power between prostheses and linear mixed-effects models to compare average joint and crank power, asymmetry, and net efficiency. Results: Shorter AS crank arm lengths reduced the magnitude of peak positive (P ≤ 0.001) and negative (P < 0.001) crank power on the AS. Use of a CSP increased the magnitude of peak positive knee power (P < 0.001) and decreased the magnitude of peak negative crank power (P < 0.001) on the AS compared with a daily-use prosthesis. Shorter AS crank arm lengths while using a CSP reduced average hip joint (P = 0.014) and hip transfer (P = 0.025) power asymmetry from 35% to 20% and 118% to 62%, respectively. However, we found no significant differences in AS average joint or crank power, knee joint or crank power asymmetry, or net efficiency. Conclusions: Cycling at 1.5 W·kg−1 with unequal crank arm lengths and CSP improves hip joint power and hip transfer power asymmetry but does not alter crank asymmetry or net efficiency for recreational cyclists with a TTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Muscle atrophy due to prolonged immobilization leads to severe dysfunction and progression of disease and injury. This highlights the necessity for early rehabilitation, even during the non-ambulatory stages. As manifestations vary among individuals, target-specific rehabilitation is crucial for achieving optimal outcomes. Conventional bicycle ergometers, despite their wide usage in rehabilitation and sports training, fail to adequately recruit the muscles that predominantly operate in the coronal or axial plane. This is thought to be due to the restriction of pedaling trajectory in the sagittal plane. This study introduces a new bicycle ergometer capable of tilting the pedaling plane and adjusting the pedal orientation, in order to alter muscle recruitment patterns and limb alignments. A biomechanical analysis of eight healthy volunteers suggests that our device can elicit dynamic valgus/varus alignment and alter the axial rotations of the lower extremities. An electromyography analysis revealed a significant increase in the activation of specific muscle groups, particularly the abductors and adductors, suggesting promising results for targeted muscle recruitment. We expect this ergometer to provide a new method for target-specific rehabilitation and the treatment of bedridden patients or those with weak muscles.

Purpose: The accuracy of heart rate measured with a wrist photoplethysmography monitor can be influenced by the tightening of the wristband, movement of arms, or kinetics of the signal (eg, steady-state exercise vs on- and off-transients). To test these hypotheses, photoplethysmographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) signals were compared. Methods: Thirty participants (50% female) randomly performed two 13′ sequences (3′ rest, 5′ submaximal-intensity exercise, and 5′ passive recovery) on a motorized treadmill and a bicycle ergometer. Heart rate was measured concomitantly with a 10-lead ECG, a chest-strap monitor, and 2 wrist photoplethysmography monitors (Polar Unite) with different tightening (free vs imposed at the maximum tolerable). Results: The level of association (r) and coefficient of variation (CV; ie, the error of measurement) of the Polar Unite versus the 10-lead ECG is affected by the tightness of the wristband (normal vs high; r =.83 and.96, CV = 16.1 and 8.1% for the treadmill, respectively; r =.71 and.97, CV = 20.3% and 6.2% for the bicycle, respectively) by the phase of the signal (transition vs steady state; r =.90 and.97, CV = 9.0% and 7.6% for the treadmill, respectively; r =.93 and.99, CV = 7.5% and 3.1% for the bicycle, respectively) and movement of arms (treadmill vs bicycle; r =.90 and.93, CV = 9.0% and 7.5% during the transition phase, respectively; r =.97 and.99, CV = 7.6% and 3.1% during the steady-state phase, respectively). Conclusion: The accuracy of heart rate measured with a wrist photoplethysmography monitor is affected by the tightness of the wristband and the phase of the signal. A high tightening is required when high accuracy is expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Physical or sports activities are believed to reduce pain sensitivity following activity sessions. Several studies have explored the effect of different exercise intensities of the activity sessions on pain sensitivity and most studies reported that pain sensitivity is reduced after the sessions. Above all, this phenomenon is observed when a rather high intensity was used. However, almost no studies have explored the effect of longer duration exercise sessions on this phenomenon. Therefore, this study aimed to explore pain sensitivity following three differently long, i.e., 30, 45, and 60 min, exercise sessions, which were conducted using the same sub-maximal intensity. The results show that none of these sessions led to differences in pain sensitivity. The results were not as expected but might lead to the assumption that the intensity might be more important for inducing a reduced pain sensitivity than the duration of the session. Acute physical activity is assumed to lead to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Yet, little research has been conducted dealing with the influence of exercise duration on EIH. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different exercise durations using the same intensity compared to a control session on EIH. A total of 36 participants conducted three different exercise sessions on a bicycle ergometer for 30, 45, and 60 min, respectively, in addition to a passive control session. The intensity was set to 75% of the individual's VO2max. Pre and post exercise, pain sensitivity was measured employing pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at the elbow, knee, and ankle joints, as well as the sternum and forehead. In addition, the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) response was conducted pre and post exercise. The results reveal that the exercises neither led to any changes in PPT measured at any landmark nor induced any CPM response effects. These results do not confirm the hypoalgesic effects usually observed after exercise. The reasons explaining these results remain rather elusive but might be explained by the low intensities chosen leading to a milder release of pain inhibiting substances, the landmarks employed for PPT measurements, or potential non-responsiveness of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Acute physical activity leads to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of four different exercise intensities on EIH.Methods: 25 male (age: 24.7 ± 3.0) subjects underwent four different exercise sessions on a bicycle ergometer for 30 min each at 60, 80, 100, and 110% of the individual anaerobic threshold on separate days in a randomized crossover design. Before, as well as 5- and 45-min post-exercise, pain sensitivity was measured employing pain pressure thresholds (PPT) at the elbow, knee, and ankle joints as well as the sternum and forehead. Besides, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was conducted using thermal test- and conditioned stimuli before, 5-, and 45-min post-exercise.Results: A main time effect was observed regarding PPT at all landmarks except for the forehead with higher values observed 5 and 45 min post-exercise compared to the pre-values. Yet, no interaction effects occurred. CPM did not change in response to any of the intensities used.Conclusion: EIH occurs 5 and 45 min after exercise regardless of the intensity used at the joints and sternum which might be explained by local pain-inhibiting pathways and probably to a limited degree by central mechanisms, as no hypoalgesia was observed at the forehead and no changes in CPM occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sarcopenia is associated with chronic inflammation, a sedentary lifestyle, and ageing. However, there exists no drug, which is safe and effective for long-term use. Ashwagandha ( Withaniasomnifera (L.) Dunal) has the potential to fill this therapeutic gap based on its efficacy and safety profile; hence, the present study was planned to evaluate its effect on inflammatory biomarkers and muscle status in healthy volunteers., Methodology: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ashwagandha extract in healthy volunteers (February 2021 to May 2022) who received either Ashwagandha extract tablets 250 mg or a placebo twice daily for 60 days. The physical performance on a bicycle ergometer, inflammatory/muscle status biomarkers, body composition, reaction time, hemogram, and organ function tests was assessed at baseline, day 30, and day 60., Results: In the Ashwagandha group, there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in total distance travelled (Ashwagandha 2.85 ± 0.54 km vs placebo 2.16 ± 0.62 km), average speed achieved (Ashwagandha 25.6 ± 5.7 km/hour vs placebo 22.2 ± 5.48 km/hour) on a bicycle ergometer from the baseline visit (V3) to the last visit (V7) as compared to the placebo group. The observations on hand-grip strength, back-leg press, skeletal muscle mass, and VO 2 max showed an increasing trend from V3 to V7, whereas the results of the three inflammatory markers (hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) mg/L; IL-6; TNF-alpha ) and the muscle marker (myostatin) revealed a decreasing trend from V3 to V7 in the Ashwagandha group. Ashwagandha extract was found to be safe in healthy volunteers as evidenced by the clinical profile, laboratory investigations, and reaction time test., Conclusion: Ashwagandha extract supplementation was safe and effective in enhancing physical performance and strengthening muscle mass and could be a potential candidate for treating sarcopenia., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College issued approval EC/OA-159/2018; approval dated 9/7/2019. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Raut et al.)

BackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used widely in the diagnosis, exercise therapy, and prognosis evaluation of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The current guideline for CPET does not provide any specific recommendations for cardiovascular (CV) safety on exercise stimulation mode, including bicycle ergometer, treadmill, and total body workout equipment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the effects of different exercise stimulation modes on the occurrence of safety events during CPET in patients with CHD.MethodsA total of 10,538 CPETs, including 5,674 performed using treadmill exercise and 4,864 performed using bicycle ergometer exercise at Peking University Third Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. The incidences of CV events and serious adverse events during CPET were compared between the two exercise groups.ResultsCardiovascular events in enrolled patients occurred during 355 CPETs (3.4%), including 2 cases of adverse events (0.019%), both in the treadmill group. The incidences of overall events [235 (4.1%) vs. 120 (2.5%), P < 0.001], premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) [121 (2.1%) vs. 63 (1.3%), P = 0.001], angina pectoris [45 (0.8%) vs. 5 (0.1%), P < 0.001], and ventricular tachycardia (VT) [32 (0.6%) vs. 14 (0.3%), P = 0.032] were significantly higher in the treadmill group compared with the bicycle ergometer group. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of bradyarrhythmia and atrial arrhythmia between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the occurrence of overall CV events (P < 0.001), PVCs (P = 0.007), angina pectoris (P < 0.001), and VT (P = 0.008) was independently associated with the stimulation method of treadmill exercise. In male subjects, the occurrence of overall CV events, PVCs, angina pectoris, and VT were independently associated with treadmill exercise, while only the overall CV events and angina pectoris were independently associated with treadmill exercise in female subjects.ConclusionIn comparison with treadmill exercise, bicycle ergometer exercise appears to be a safer exercise stimulation mode for CPET in patients with CHD.

Heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring is a promising option to estimate the autonomic nervous system regulation responding to exercise. Textiles with embedded sensors recording heartbeat intervals are a simple tool for data collection. The so‐called smart shirts offer comfort for daily use and are managed easily. Their measurement accuracy for HRV calculation at rest is promising, but remains questionable during exercise. Therefore, the present study validated the Ambiotex smart shirt using HRV indices (root mean square of successive differences, rel. HF power [high‐frequency power percentage of total power] and rel. LF [low‐frequency power percentage of total power] power) during exercise. Eighty‐three healthy participants (31 ± 6 years; 39 females, 44 males) completed an incremental exercise test on a bicycle ergometer wearing the smart shirt and an electrocardiogram simultaneously. We compared HRV indices of segments at rest (5 min), at warm‐up (3 min) and twice at the exercise test (each 5 min). At rest and at warm‐up, we observed excellent linear relationship (r > 0.96; R2​​​​​ > 0.94), excellent relative reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.98; α ≥ 0.98) and acceptable agreement (bias < 10%). During the exercise test, measurement accuracy declined with increasing intensity but remained high (>0.8), although results for partial HRV indices were insufficient. In addition, percentage bias was unacceptable during an exercise test. However, the findings support the validity of the smart shirt for measuring HRV, especially at rest and at warm‐up. We suggest using the smart shirt for monitoring HRV indices on a daily basis, but caution should be taken in the interpretation of HRV indices obtained during moderate to vigorous exercise intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Cardiovascular and metabolic disorder has become common in individuals leading a sedentary life. Exercise stress tests are carried out as part of the investigations for determining the individual fitness level. Aerobic power or VO2max which involves a full functional support from cardio respiratory and metabolic pathways is an appropriate test to study cardio pulmonary fitness. The main objective of the study is to find out the normal cardiopulmonary responses to exercise and their aerobic power among untrained 1st year medical students by Astrand 6-minute cycle test.Material and Methods:This is a prospective and observational study conducted in the Department of Physiology at Tertiary care teaching Hospital over a period of 6 months. The study was undertaken to analyze the cardiorespiratory responses to graded exercise and to determine the aerobic fitness in the untrained male in the age group of 18-21 years. Normal healthy untrained male subjects in the age group of 18-21 years were randomly selected and included in the study. Cardiorespiratory changes associated with exercise were studied using bicycle ergometer. VO2max was determined from the heart rate noted at the end of 6 minutes cycling by using Astrand-Rhyming nomogram.Results:Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and respiratory rate increased with exercise, while diastolic pressure recorded a fall. The VO2max is the best physiological indicator of a person's capacity to continue the severe physical work. From this we can set a norm in assessing physical fitness and the test can be used as screening measures before joining in a job or sports training.Conclusion:Aerobic power or VO2max or physical work capacity which involves a full functional support from cardiorespiratory and metabolic pathways is an appropriate test to study cardiopulmonary fitness. Implication: Astrand 6 minutes cycle test can be used for screening measures before joining in a job or sports training where physical fitness is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studying post-prandial fluctuations in blood glucose has high physiological and clinical relevance. Physical exercise is known to influence this fluctuation. Objectives: To determine the gender difference in glucose tolerance following physical exercise in a population of university students. Methods: A total of 146 students were randomly selected from the Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Ogun State, southwest Nigeria. Following overnight fast, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) was carried out. Pre-exercise, fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured at 0 mins, and after oral glucose load of 75 grams at 30 minutes intervals for 2 hours. The physical exercise involved cycling using a bicycle ergometer for an hour. Thereafter, OGTT was conducted again 1 hour post-exercise. Results: The ages of the subjects ranged from 20 years to 49 years. There were 73 (50.0%) females. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) of 23.5±1.1 kg/m2 for females was comparable to 22.8±0.3 kg/m2 for the males (p = 0.571). Seven (9.6%) females were obese compared to 2 (2.7%) males. The mean post-prandial blood glucose increased from 71.6±1.6 mg/dl to 90.8±1.8 mg/dl after oral glucose load and thereafter to 88.0±4.2 mg/dl at 120 minutes among males. The post-exercise blood glucose patterns included a significant reduction in the mean FBS for males compared to females (64.5±1.9 mg/dl vs. 71.7±1.9 mg/dl; p = 0.001) Conclusions: Glucose tolerance with exercise is better in females than males. The clinical importance of physical exercise lies in its effect on glucose tolerance.

Acute physical activity is assumed to lead to exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Yet, little research has been conducted dealing with the influence of exercise duration on EIH. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three different exercise durations using the same intensity compared to a control session on EIH. A total of 36 participants conducted three different exercise sessions on a bicycle ergometer for 30, 45, and 60 min, respectively, in addition to a passive control session. The intensity was set to 75% of the individual’s VO2max. Pre and post exercise, pain sensitivity was measured employing pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at the elbow, knee, and ankle joints, as well as the sternum and forehead. In addition, the conditioned pain modulation (CPM) response was conducted pre and post exercise. The results reveal that the exercises neither led to any changes in PPT measured at any landmark nor induced any CPM response effects. These results do not confirm the hypoalgesic effects usually observed after exercise. The reasons explaining these results remain rather elusive but might be explained by the low intensities chosen leading to a milder release of pain inhibiting substances, the landmarks employed for PPT measurements, or potential non-responsiveness of participants.

Introduction. The reliability of the 30-m sprint and bicycle ergometer tests, which are widely used as an indicator of the explosive muscle capabilities of the leg, has not been studied for the physical fitness assessment of throwers. Aim of Study. This study aimed to clarify whether the sprint and bicycle ergometer tests at short operating times are useful for assessing the competitive performance in the throwing competition. Material and Methods. For 11 male university students, the highest rotation speed (1, 2, 3 s each) was measured at three different loads during a 10-yd running time and bicycle ergometer test (1, 2, 3 s each). The relationship between the measured value and the competitive force (IAAF score) was examined. Results. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) no significant correlation was found between the 10-yd sprint time and athletic performance. 2) A positive correlation between the body mass and the number of revolutions was found so that weight positively affects the maximum rotational speed. 3) A positive correlations were found between the maximum numbers of revolutions at 3 s for each loading condition. Conclusion. These results suggest that (1) the sprint test is unsuitable for throwers, and (2) the maximum pedaling speed for a short period (1.0-2.0 s) with a relatively high load (5.0 kgf) is useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effect of exercise and sex difference on blood glucose levels in undergraduate students. Design: This study involved 110 undergraduate students selected using convenience sampling method in Sagamu, Ogun state, South-West, Nigeria, aged between 15 and 29 years. Diabetic students were exempted from the study. The subjects fasted overnight before the commencement of the experiment. Fasting blood sugar was measured using Accucheck glucometer before exercise and glucose level measured after exercise. Bicycle ergometer was used to administer exercise. All subjects were subjected to one hour of cycling exercise. On the same day, immediately after resting for two hours blood glucose was measured and thereafter, the same cycling experiment was repeated on the subjects immediately after ingestion of 50 grams of Glucose. Post-exercise blood glucose was also measured. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistic. Results: There were 35(48.2%) males and 57(51.8%) females in the study groups. Their ages were between 15 and 29 years. The ages 15 to 19 years constituted the highest group (38 (34.5%)). The mean decrease in fasting glucose level was 16.26mg/dl±0.90 while it was 20.78mg/dl±2.89 after ingestion of 50gm of glucose. The mean decrease in glucose level in male was 15.97mg/dl±l.79 at fasting levels while postprandially it was 18.79 mg/dl ±2.74. Both figures were greater for females. The mean total glucose handling with exercise was more in females (4.97mg/dl±2.5) than in males with 2.82mg/dl±0.95. Conclusions: The amount of glucose utilization with exercise is higher in female than male. The clinical importance using Bicycle ergometer of exercise is a useful intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Children with hemophilia often bleed inside the joints and muscles, which may impair postural adjustments. These postural adjustments are necessary to control gait and postural balance during daily activities. The inability to quickly recover postural balance could elevate the risk of bleeding. So, the purpose of this study was to compare between the effects of bicycle ergometer and treadmill on balance and gait parameters in children with hemophilia. Materials and methods: Thirty hemophilic boys with the ages ranging from 10 to 14 years had participated in this study. They were assigned randomly into two equal study groups. Group A received a designed physical therapy program and aerobic exercise training by bicycle ergometer. While group B received the same physical therapy program in addition to aerobic exercise training by the treadmill. Both groups received treatment sessions three times per week for three successive months. Stability indices and kinematic gait parameters were evaluated before and after three successive months of treatment. Results: There were non significant differences between the pre-treatment mean values of all measuring variables for the two groups. Significant improvement was observed in the two groups when comparing their pre and post treatment mean values. Also, significant differences were recorded when comparing the post treatment results of the two groups in favor of the study group B. Conclusion: Aerobic exercise, in the form of treadmill training for children with hemophilia, is an excellent supplement to regularly scheduled physical therapy intervention. It improves the degree of stability and gait parameters for those patients.

Introduction Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airway leading to breathlessness. Exercise training has been recognized as a valuable component in the management of asthma, enhancing lung function and overall well-being. Bicycle ergometer training and Nordic walking are two distinct forms of exercise that have been shown to improve cardiovascular fitness and respiratory function. Despite the potential benefits of these exercises, limited research directly compares their efficacy in improving functional capacity specifically in asthma patients. The study thus aims to address this gap by providing personalized, tailored exercise programs for asthma patients. Methods A single-blinded experimental study using a simple random sampling method was conducted. A sample of 40 subjects was recruited for the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assigned into two groups. Group A subjects were trained with a bicycle ergometer and Group B subjects were trained with Nordic walking. The intervention was given to both groups for 12 weeks. The outcome measures used were the six-minute walk test, Modified Borg Scale, and Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results A baseline analysis of outcome measures was done, which was followed up by a post-test analysis after 12 weeks. Pre-test and post-test data were compared using a paired t-test. Intergroup analysis was done by an independent t-test. Both groups showed significant improvement in post-test results. On comparing the two groups, Group A showed significant improvement as compared to Group B. Conclusion The study concludes that bicycle ergometer training is effective in improving functional capacity and enhancing the quality of life in asthma patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Sivagnanam et al.)

Background Cardiovascular responses to exercise are essential indicators of cardiovascular health and fitness. Understanding how different types of exercise, such as lower-body and whole-body exercises, impact these responses is crucial for designing effective fitness programs and assessing cardiovascular function. Aim This study aimed to compare the cardiovascular response of young adults during lower-body exercise using a bicycle ergometer and whole-body exercise on a treadmill. Methods Thirty-two healthy young adults participated in this study. Each participant completed two exercise sessions on separate days: lower-body exercise on a bicycle ergometer with a fixed cadence of 60 rpm with a breaking resistance of 1.75 kg and whole-body exercise on a treadmill with a speed of 1.7 mph and a 10% grade. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP were measured at rest and immediately after a three-minute exercise. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to compare the cardiovascular responses between the two exercise modalities. Results A total of 17 male and 15 female young adults with a mean age of 20.87±1.43 years participated in the study. The male and female participants had similar ages (p =0.56) and body mass indexes (p = 0.1). There was a higher HR (129.16±2.67 versus 150.87±3.23, p<0.0001) and systolic BP (127.29±2.34 versus 144.9±4.16, p<0.0001) and lower diastolic BP (68.97±2.41 versus 62.97±2.31, p<0.0001) in whole body exercise on treadmill compared to lower body exercise in bicycle ergometer. The effect size was large enough as Cohen's d was 7.33, 5.13, and 2.54 for HR, systolic BP, and diastolic BP, respectively. Conclusion In sedentary young adults, treadmill exercise led to higher HR, systolic BP, and lower diastolic BP than bicycle ergometer exercise. Increased muscle recruitment might result in higher energy expenditure, increasing the HR and systolic BP to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and long-term implications for precise exercise recommendations and better cardiovascular health management., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Kumari et al.)

The rising prevalence of osteoarthritis and an increase in total hip replacements calls for attention to potential therapeutic activities. Cycling is considered as a low impact exercise for the hip joint and hence recommended. However, there are limited data about hip joint loading to support this claim. The aim of this study was to measure synchronously the in vivo hip joint loads and pedal forces during cycling. The in vivo hip joint loads were measured in 5 patients with instrumented hip implants. Data were collected at several combinations of power and cadence, at two saddle heights. Joint loads and pedal forces showed strong linear correlation with power. So the relationship between the external pedal forces and internal joint forces was shown. While cycling at different cadences the minimum joint loads were acquired at 60 RPM. The lower saddle height configuration results in an approximately 15% increase compared to normal saddle height. The results offered new insights into the actual effects of cycling on the hip joint and can serve as useful tools while developing an optimum cycling regimen for individuals with coxarthrosis or following total hip arthroplasty. Due to the relatively low contact forces, cycling at a moderate power level of 90 W at a normal saddle height is suitable for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study aimed to examines effect of acute isotonic exercise on cardiovascular functional status among adolescents with different body mass indices. Topics discussed include assess the functional status of the cardiovascular system by measuring the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure in adolescents with different body mass indices (BMI) and ways in which obese adolescents are having higher blood pressure at rest.

The article discusses a study related to understanding of blood lactate concentration and changes in vital data during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. It highlights advantages for clinicians to have a good understanding regarding blood lactate and its clinical implications. It also mentions high blood lactate levels indicating ischemia or hypoxemia; and a normal physiological response to exertion.