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This study investigated changes in the germination rate and germination percentage of seeds obtained from closed pine cones (Pinus brutia Ten.) of different ages collected at different altitudes. The seeds used in the study were obtained from closed cones (3/control, 4, 5, 6, and 7 years old) in the lower (0-200 m) and higher (800-1000 m) altitude zones of the Mersin-Anamur region in a section from the sea to the interior. The seeds germinated in the dark at a constant temperature of 20 °C for 28 days. At the end of the germination test, a two-way analysis of variance was performed on the germination percentage data on the 10th, 14th, and 28th days, and the interactions between altitude and cone age were found to be significant (p = 0.05). As a result of the significant interaction between the two groups, the mean separation test (Tukey test) showed that the highest germination rate was 89.0% in the control group, and the lowest was 77.5% in the 7-year-old cones. In the higher altitude zone, the highest germination rate was 74.0% and the lowest was 71.0%, obtained from 5- and 7-year-old seeds, respectively. In general, germination values in the lower altitude zone were higher than those in the higher altitude zone. However, the decrease in germination values from the control to the 7-year-old seeds was greater in the lower altitude zone than in the higher altitude zone. The study found that altitude was more effective than cone age on the germination rate and percentage.

There are limited data regarding the effects of systemic androgens on late-stage urethral wound healing.To evaluate the effects of systemic androgens on fibrosis and scar formation in late-stage urethral wound healing.Forty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. First group consisted of 15 rats that were castrated on 23 days of age and were given 5 mg/kg testosterone undecanoate with 1/25 ml cottonseed oil intraperitoneally at weekly intervals for 3 weeks (castrated and replaced with testosterone rats [CAS+T] group). The castrated rats (CAS) group included 15 castrated rats. The remaining 15 rats underwent sham surgery. CAS and sham groups also received 1/25 ml cottonseed oil intraperitoneally at weekly intervals for 3 weeks. Furthermore, all groups were divided into three subgroups after testosterone/placebo administration (urethroplasty performed after first, second, and third weeks) in accordance with the urethroplasty timing. All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after urethroplasty. Serum testosterone level was measured, tissue samples were investigated using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome. Alpha-SMA, Coll 1 and Coll 3 primary antibodies were applied for immunohistochemical examination. Expression of cytokines and growth factors, such as Bax, Bcl2, IL-10, IP-10, TNF-alpha, TGFb1, MMP9, Col-I, Col-III, TIMP-1, fibronectin, fibroblast growth factor 10, platelet-derived growth factor, alpha-SMA, were also evaluated in the tissues.The blood testosterone levels were significantly higher in CAS+T group at the time of urethroplasty compared with the levels in CAS group; however, this difference was not observed at the time of sacrification (p 0.001 and 0.97, respectively). Histological analysis with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining revealed a significantly higher fibrosis in the sham group compared with the others. Significantly lower fibrosis was detected in the CAS group in the pairwise comparison of the pathological fibrosis area between the CAS and CAS+T groups (p 0.001). Furthermore, tissue collagen-1, collagen-3, and alpha-SMA expression levels were statistically different between CAS and CAS+T groups (p 0.001,0.05, and0.001, respectively). The tissue levels of BAX, TIM-1, MMP-9, Coll-I, Coll-III, TGF-beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 mRNA expressions in the CAS+T group were different than the levels in CAS group (as0.5-fold and1.5-fold changes, respectively). The expressions of all these markers were significantly higher in the sham group. The subgroup analysis of CAS+T group (urethroplasty performed after first, second, and third weeks) revealed similar histopathological wound healing findings.Debate continues on the effects and benefits of androgen use regarding urethral healing. There are two main routes for administration as systemic or local. This study focuses on the late-stage histologic and biochemical effects of systemic androgens.Systemic androgens adversely affect wound healing and cause abnormal extracellular matrix as well as scar formation.

We aimed to analyze the long-term clinical and lower urinary tract function outcomes in children with duplex system ectopic ureterocele who underwent ureteroneocystostomy and ureterocelectomy.Fifty-one patients (28 females, 23 males) who underwent a series of surgical interventions including lower urinary tract reconstruction in childhood for duplex system ectopic ureterocele in our center between 1998 and 2019, were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic and clinical data, surgical history, and the indication for ureterocelectomy were noted. Lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) status was assessed through dysfunctional voiding symptom scores (DVSS) and uroflowmetry in all patients at the last follow-up. The clinical outcomes, and LUTD were evaluated.At the last visit at a mean follow-up of 117.18 ± 57.87 months after ureterocelectomy, ipsilateral persistent lower pole VUR was detected in 5.6% (3/54 renal units, 2 females and 1 male) of the cases, who were treated using the subureteric injection. Abnormal DVSS (median 11, range 9-15) was detected in 27.4% (14/51 pts) of the patients. Out of these, 57.1% (8/14 pts) had storage symptoms, 35.7% (5/14 pts) had voiding symptoms, and 7.1% (1/14 pts) had both storage and voiding symptoms while 71.4%(10/14 pts) had abnormal uroflowmetry findings (plateau shaped flow curve in 2, staccato shaped curve with sustained EMG activity in 3, tower shaped curve in 2, interrupted shaped curve in 3 patients). Five patients had elevated residual volume. Anticholinergics were administered to six patients who had overactive bladder symptoms. In addition, two girls required open bladder neck reconstruction due to stress incontinence caused by bladder neck insufficiency.Our findings showed that clinical success was achieved using the lower urinary tract reconstruction with no need for re-operation in 90.2% of patients with duplex system ectopic ureterocele. However, LUTD was present in 27.4% of our patients in the long-term follow-up. Therefore, LUTD should be carefully assessed in the long-term follow-up of these patients.

Objective To determine the adulthood outcomes of bladder, kidney, and sexual functions of posterior urethral valve (PUV) patients. Materials And Methods The records of patients who were treated for PUV between 1980, and 2001 and aged ≥18 years by the end of 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with complete adulthood data were included in the study. Renal, bladder, and sexual functions were assessed. Adulthood uroflowmetry results of 22 patients were also evaluated. Results Thirty-nine patients with complete adulthood data out of 89 were included. The median follow-up time was 22.7 years (15-33 years). Median age at initial surgery for PUV was 36 months (1-168 months), and median age at last follow-up was 26 years (18-46 years). Lower urinary tract dysfunction was noted in 15 (38%) patients. In 22 patients (56%) with uroflowmetric analyses, median values of Qmax, voided volume, and post voiding residual urine volume were 20.5 mL/sec (7-43 mL/sec), 389 mL (154-1750 mL), and 18.5 mL (range 0-190 mL), respectively. Nineteen patients (48.7%) had normal glomerular filtration rate, 2 patients (5.1%) had chronic kidney disease, and the remaining 18 patients (46.1%) had end stage renal disease, 14 (35.9%) of whom underwent renal transplantation. Thirty-two patients (82%) had sexual function evaluation, none of which reported erectile dysfunction. However, 4 patients (12.5%) reported slow ejaculation. Five patients fathered a child whereas infertility was observed in 2 patients. Conclusion After 2 decades, glomerular filtration rate was normal almost in half of the PUV patients while lower urinary tract dysfunction was detected in 38%. Furthermore, erectile dysfunction was rare.

We reviewed the records of 144 patients. The mean gestational age at first US diagnosis was 27.5 ± 4.3 weeks. An anomaly of the contralateral kidney was detected in 25% of cases. An extrarenal anomaly was detected in 13.8%. Karyotype analysis was performed in 16.6% of cases and revealed trisomy 18 in 2 cases with extrarenal defects. Karyotype analysis was normal in all the patients who had isolated multicystic dysplastic kidney (MCDK). The diagnostic accuracy of prenatal ultrasound was 92.2%. Contralateral kidney anomaly was detected 33.9% of patients, and half of these were vesicoureteral reflux. Antihypertensive therapy was required in 2.6% of cases. Nephrectomy was performed in 8%, and partial or total involution of MCDK was achieved in 33.9% of patients. MCDK can be accurately diagnosed by prenatal sonography, and prognosis depends on extrarenal and contralateral renal abnormalities. In isolated cases, require of surgery is rare, and serial follow-up is suggested to determine involution.Impact statement

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine what factors predict spontaneous passage of ≤ 1 cm ureteral stones in children. Methods Files of the patients diagnosed with a single ureteral stone on a given side between 2008 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with congenital obstructive uropathy, neurogenic bladder, vesicoureteral reflux and those with a stone diameter of > 1 cm were excluded. Detection of ureteral stones was done using ultrasonography (US) primarily, and computed tomography when US findings were inconclusive. Patients were treated either conservatively or surgically. Conservative treatment included adequate hydration and pain management whereas surgical treatment included ureteroscopic intervention. Apart from those who required urgent intervention, patients were referred for surgical treatment after 2–4 weeks of follow-up with no spontaneous passage. Factors analyzed for association of spontaneous passage included age, gender, type of hematuria, stone localization, laterality, presence of concomitant kidney stone, degree of hydronephrosis, stone size and stone composition. Results A total of 70 patients (38 males, 32 females); median age 4.7 years had a ≤ 1 cm ureteral stone (median diameter 7 mm). US was able to diagnose the ureteric stone in 47 patients while computed tomography was required in 23 patients. Spontaneous passage was observed in 40 patients (57.1%). Median time for stone passage was 8 days (3–34 days). Stone size and presence of hematuria (macroscopic and microscopic combined) were factors associated with spontaneous passage and 6.7 mm was found to be the cut-off (AUC = 0.953; 95% CI 0.905–1.000; sensitivity 96.7%, specificity 82.5%, p Conclusion Patients with a ureteric stone size Type of Study Case series with no comparison group. Level of Evidence IV

Restoration of degraded lands is among the major challenges in Arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Therefore, in many regions where arid and semi-arid climates prevail, afforestation studies are carried out for restoration purposes. This study evaluated long-term afforestation practices in terms of ecosystem restoration in the arid lands of Central Anatolia, Turkey. For the study, sample afforestation sites of different ages were chosen in the Tuz Gölü-Konya basin. Species in the sites included black pine (Pinus nigra), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia), sweet almond (Prunus dulcis), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), and mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahalep). For each sampling area, the survival rates, height, and diameter values of species were recorded. Litter on the forest floor was sampled and then representative soil pits were dug at each site to sample soil from different layers (30, 60, 90, and 120-cm deep) of the profile. Bulk density, texture, lime content, pH, salinity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentration were determined for each soil sample. Approximately 2/3 of the black pine seedlings had died in the first 8–10 years of afforestation. The mortality rate in almond and mahaleb seedlings was approximately 20%. After 25–27 years of afforestation, 1/3 and 2/3 of the initial almond and Russian olive seedlings were lost, respectively. The mortality rate for other species was about 80% for the same period. Black pine had reached over 6.5 m, increasing its height by about 11-fold over the last 10–25 years. In the same period, the increase in the height of black locust was 2.8-fold, almond 2.6-fold, and ash 2.5-fold. The least height growth (1.7-fold) for this period was recorded for mahaleb. The amount of litter had increased 3- and 5-fold, at 15–17 years and 25–27 years of plantation age, respectively, compared to its increase in the open control site. After 15 years from planting, soil nitrogen (N) concentration at the first 30-cm depth had increased by about 1/3 compared to the open area. At the same depth, the soil pH value had decreased by 0.15 units after 25–27 years compared to the rest of the profile. These data implied that soil restoration had been initiated at all sites. © 2021 Elsevier B.V. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, TÜBITAK: 1180O91 This study was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) through project no: 1180O91 entitled “Tuz Gölü-Konya Havzasında Bulunan Ağaçlandırma Sahalarında Ağaç Türlerinin Başarı Oranları ile Toprak Özelliklerinde Meydana Gelen Değişimin Belirlenmesi” [Determination of Success Rates of Tree Species and Changes in Soil Properties in Afforestation Fields in Tuz Gölü-Konya Basin]. 2-s2.0-85117682629

Objective: We purposed to review prenatal diagnoses of ureterocele, to determine the sonographic findings and additional abnormalities, and to illustrate the pregnancy outcomes of these patients. Material and methods: We reviewed the records of 24 patients with the diagnosis of ureterocele in our referral center between January 2010–March 2017. Prenatal sonographic findings, antenatal course, and postnatal follow-up were obtained. Results: The mean gestational age at first US diagnosis was 24.5 ± 2.9 weeks. 13 (54.1%) of fetuses were female, and 11 (45.9%) were male. Ureterocele was associated with the duplex kidney in 17 (70.8%), MCDK in 5 (20.8%) and hydronephrosis with a single system in 1 (4.2%) and pelvic kidney in 1 (4.2%) fetuses. Postnatal follow-up was achieved in 22 of 24 (91.6%) cases, and mean follow-up interval was 56 ± 14.2. Months. The diagnosis of ureterocele was confirmed in 22 (91.6%) cases postnatally. 15 of 22 (68%) cases were classified as extravesical ureterocele, and 7 (32%) cases were intravesical ureterocele. Postnatal confirmation of duplex kidney achieved in 16 of 17 (94.1%) patients. 17 (77.2%) patients were required surgical intervention, and 5 (22.8%) cases were managed conservatively. 15 of 16 (93.7%) cases who were diagnosed duplex kidney underwent surgery however 2 of 5 (40%) cases which were confirmed MCDK required an operation. Cystoscopic ureterocele incision was the initial approach for the surgical management and performed all of the cases which required surgery. It was curative in 10 of 17 (58.8%) patients and 7 (41.2%) cases needed to further operations. Ureteroselectomy and common-sheath ureteroneocystostomy was performed in 5 (29.1%) cases and. 2 (%11.7%) cases underwent partial nephrectomy. Conclusion: Ureterocele can be accurately diagnosed by prenatal sonography, and it is a significant clue for the diagnosis of a duplex kidney. Postnatal prognosis depends on associated anomaly and presence of reflux and upper pole function. Keywords: Kidney, Prenatal diagnosis, Ureterocele, Urinary bladder, Ultrasonography

Türkiye bitki çeşitliliği açısından oldukça zengin bir doğal bitki örtüsüne sahiptir. Yüksek çeşitlilikteki doğalbitki örtüsü içerisinde yer alan birçok ağaç, çalı ve otsu karaktere sahip bitki türleri bulunmaktadır. Doğal bitkitürleri bulundukları coğrafyada kullanıldıklarında yöre koşullarına en iyi adapte olabilen türler olmaktadırlar.Peyzaj mimarlığı uygulamalarında bakım maliyetlerinin azaltılması, sağlıklı bir bitki dokusu sağlanması, yerelçevreye uyum, çevre kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi gibi nedenlerle doğal türlerin kullanılması büyük önemtaşımaktadır. Türkiye’de özellikle doğal kaynak yönetimleri açısından yaşam birliktelikleri son derece önemkazanmaya başlamıştır. Özellikle Batı Karadeniz bölgesi gerek içermiş olduğu tür zenginliği ve gerekse deyaşam birliktelikleri çeşitliliği ile dikkat çekmektedir. Bu çalışmada Düzce Kent Merkezi çevresinde envanteriçıkarılmış olan endemik bitki türleri mevsimsel olarak gözlemlenmiş ve bu bitkilerin estetik ve fonksiyonelyönden kentsel alanlarda yapılacak olan peyzaj tasarımlarında değerlendirilme olanakları saptanmıştır. Turkey has a very rich natural vegetation in terms of plant diversity. There are many trees, shrubs and herbaceous plant species in our high variety of natural vegetation. Natural plant species are the species that can best adapt to the local conditions when they are used in their geography. In landscape architecture applications, the use of natural species is of great importance due to reasons such as reducing maintenance costs, ensuring a healthy plant tissue, adapting to the local environment and improving the quality of the environment. especially in terms of life and coexistence of natural resource management in Turkey has gained utmost importance. Especially the Western Black Sea region attracts attention with its richness and diversity. In this study, endemic plant species which have been stocked around Düzce City Center were observed seasonally and the possibilities of evaluating these plants in landscape designs to be made in the aesthetic and functional aspects of urban areas were determined.

Learning curve is a well-known factor that affects the success rate of endoscopic injection for vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).To our knowledge, the significance of pre-fellowship training has not been studied. In the present study, our aim was to investigate the effect of pre-fellowship training on the endoscopic treatment success rates of pediatric urology fellows.A total of 78 patients aged 2-16 years (132 renal units) who underwent subureteric injection for the treatment of primary VUR by four pediatric urology fellows between 2014 and 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Fellows were grouped into two as experienced and non-experienced according to the presence of pre-fellowship experience (defined as a minimum of 20 procedures). Patients in both groups were divided into two subgroups as non-dilating (grade I-II) and dilating VUR (grade III-V). Also, the change in success rate throughout the fellowship was analyzed. HIT or Double HIT method was used in all interventions.Experienced fellows carried out subureteric injection in 54 (40.9%) renal units while non-experienced fellows performed in 78 (59.1%). There was no success rate difference between experienced and non-experienced fellow groups in non-dilating VUR (100% vs. 88%, respectively p = 0.268), whereas the success rate of the experienced group was significantly higher in dilated VUR (78.9% vs. 50.9%, p = 0.006). Moreover, the amount of material used in the treatment of non-dilating VUR were similar between two fellow groups (0.6 ml vs. 0.6 ml, p = 0.500), while experienced group achieved higher success rates in dilating VUR by statistically significant less amount of injected volume (0.7 ml vs. 0.9 ml, p = 0.026).Overall complete VUR resolution rates were similar throughout the fellowship period in the experienced fellows (81.5% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.444), while it significantly increased in the non-experienced group implicating the completion of the learning curve (51.3% vs. 74.4%, p = 0.035).There has been no published reports on the effect of pre-fellowship experience on subureteric injection success. While many researchers reported on the importance of learning curve, various studies assessed the effect of injected volume on success rate implicating contradictory results. Furthermore, others indicated that the ideal technique providing accurate needle placement and obtaining proper depth during injection which is associated with surgical experience is more important than the injected volume in achieving success.Our results implicate that similar success rates in non-dilating VUR can be achieved regardless of previous subureteric injection training. However, higher failure rates may be expected when the procedures are performed by non-experienced pediatric urology fellows at the beginning of their fellowship in dilating VUR.

A 15-year-old girl was followed up for 2 years in a district hospital for management of vesicoureteral reflux and, subsequently, hydronephrosis of both kidneys and required bilateral ureteroneocystostomy. Despite surgery, there was continuous progression of the left hydronephrosis. Referral to a tertiary hospital because of continued sterile pyuria prompted investigation for tuberculosis (TB): she was diagnosed with bilateral pulmonary TB and urine culture confirmed

Summary Introduction Diagnosing obstruction and thus, assessment of need for surgery in the management of antenatal hydronephrosis may be challenging. Current diagnostic tests are not capable of indicating which patients are at risk for obstructive nephropathy. Biomarkers may play an important role in distinguishing these patients. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate if urinary biomarkers could differentiate obstruction (OBS) from non-obstructive dilation (NOD) in patients with antenatal hydronephrosis (AH) that underwent pyeloplasty due to loss of differential renal function (DRF). Study design Children with a history of AH and postnatal anteroposterior (AP) diameter ≥15 mm were included in this study of prospectively collected data between 2010 and 2018. The OBS group included patients who underwent pyeloplasty due to solely ≥10% subsequent decrease in DRF on a MAG-3 scan during follow-up. Patients with stable or improving hydronephrosis with no significant reduction in ipsilateral DRF ( Results There were 24 children in the OBS and 27 children in the NOD groups. The control group consisted of 27 healthy children. The pre-operative bladder urine levels of biomarkers of the OBS group were significantly higher than in the NOD and control group (p Conclusion In this novel study, which focused on scintigraphic DRF loss, KIM-1 was the most successful among all the biomarkers evaluated. Combination of IP-10, Ca19-9 and KIM-1 resulted increased diagnostic ability. Summary Table . Overview of all biomarkers. Cut-off value Sensitivity Specificity AUC IP-10 135.0 ng/mgCr 75% 66% 0.735 KIM-1 0.89 ng/mgCr 79.2% 88% 0.802 MCP-1 367.6 pg/mgCr 62.5% 52% 0.660 NGAL 16.1 ng/mgCr 70.8% 70.4% 0.669 Ca 19-9 55.5 U/mgCr 75% 66% 0.676 ROC: Receiver operating characteristics, IP-10: interferon gamma-induced protein 10, MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein 1, NGAL: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, KIM-1: kidney injury molecule-1, Ca 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9, Cr: creatinine, U: Unit.

AMAÇ Acil servisler adli olguların sıklıkla ilk görüldükleri yerler olması nedeniyle, hastalara acil servis hizmeti verilmesiyle birlikte adli raporların en çok yazıldığı yer olma özelliğini taşımaktadır. Hekimler tıbbi uygulamalarda meydana gelen hatalarından sorumlu oldukları gibi, adli tıbbi uygulamalardan kaynaklanan hatalarından da sorumludur. Çalışmamızda Devlet Hastanesi Acil Servisi'nde düzenlenen adli raporlardaki eksikliklere dikkat çekilmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM Ardahan Devlet Hastanesi acil servisinde 01.06.2014-31.05.2015 tarihleri arasında 1551 çocuk ve erişkin adli olgu için düzenlenen genel adli muayene raporları olguların demografik özellikleri, olay etiyolojisi gibi standart adli rapor formunda belirtilmesi gerekli olan bilgiler, bu bilgilerin kaydedilip edilmediği ve lezyonun diyagramda işaretlenip işaretlenmediği açısından retrospektif olarak incelendi. BULGULAR En sık olgu türünün künt travma, en sık başvurunun akşam saatlerinde olduğu, yaralanma bölgelerinin, pozitif bulguların, konsültasyon ve laboratuar tetkik sonuçlarının çoğu olguda kaydedilmediği, adli raporların çoğunlukla kati rapor olarak düzenlendiği, hayati tehlike ve basit tıbbi müdahale ile giderilip giderilememe durumlarının olguların yarısına yakınında belirtilmediği tespit edildi. SONUÇ Çalışmamızda, acil serviste adli rapor düzenlenmesi konusunda yeterli özenin gösterilmediği öngörüsü oluşmuştur. Bu durumun da eğitim eksikliğine bağlı olduğu düşünülmüştür. Bu nedenle hekimler yasal sorumlulukları gereği adli raporlar ve ilgili yasal mevzuat hakkında bilgilerini sürekli olarak güncel tutmalılardır.

SARGINCI, Murat/0000-0002-2263-9003 WOS: 000434090600025 PubMed: 29789963 The afforestation of arid lands faces many challenges, and perhaps the most important key for success is choosing one or more species that are adapted well for local environmental conditions. We explored species that would be suitable for the steppe region of Central Anatolia. Intensive site preparation included ripping the subsoil (to 80 cm) and plowing the upper soil before planting seedlings of Elaeagnus angustifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia, Fraxinus angustifolia, and Pinus nigra were used as tree species. We also tested the success of several shrub species: Amygdalus orientalis, Calligonum polygonoides, and Spartium junceum. After five growing seasons, E. angustifolia showed the highest survival, with 80% of planted seedlings remaining. For the shrubs, A. orientalis was the most successful species with a 95% survival rate. Broad-leaved trees grew a cumulative average of 34 cm in height in 5 years, whereas P. nigra seedings grew only 9 cm. The greatest height growth occurred in the shrubs, with A. orientalis gaining 40 cm in height in 5 years. Overall, E. angustifolia and A. orientalis appeared best suited for afforestation in these areas. R. pseodoacacia and F. angustifolia may also be used as alternative species. TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112O946]; Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs; General Directorate of Combating Desertification and Erosion (CEM); General Directorate of Forestry (OGM) This study was funded by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) through project no. 112O946 "Survival, Growth and Nutritional Status of Different Tree, Shrub and Herb Species and Their Effects on Some of the Soil Properties in the Central Arid Region of Turkey" ("Kurak Bolge Bitkilendirmesinde Farkli Agac, Cali ve Otsu Turler Kullaniminin Fidan Buyumesi ve Beslenmesi ile Bazi Toprak Degiskenlerine Etkisi"). We also thank to Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Combating Desertification and Erosion (CEM) and General Directorate of Forestry (OGM) for their support.

International Congress on Sustainable Restoration of Mediterranean Forests - Analysis and Perspective within the Context of Bio-Based Economy Development under Global Changes -- APR 19-21, 2017 -- Palermo, ITALY WOS: 000428819100021 Austrian black pine (Pinus nigra J.F. Arnold), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton) are commonly used in restoration practices in the Mediterranean base including Turkey. Direct seeding can secure desired level of tree establishment and survival on degraded sites wherever, favorable safe sites are scattered throughout the landscape. Glyphosate is a commonly used herbicide for weed control in forest, nursery and restoration sites worldwide, due to its broad-spectrum efficacy and considerably less toxicity on the environment compared to other chemicals. The present study screened the glyphosate phytotoxicity of three dominant pine species in Turkey during a seed germination trial, after seeds had been presoaked in 15 different dose-glyphosate solutions varying between 0 and 5%, v:v. Glyphosate applications damaged seed germination speed more than cumulative germination rate. As a systemic herbicide, glyphosate appeared highly phytotoxic to Austrian black pine. Scots pine showed an intermediate glyphosate phytotoxicity. Maritime pine was the least sensitive species, tolerating glyphosate at1% doses. In conclusion, glyphosate may be used at low doses on restoration sites seeded with maritime pine while it is not recommended to be used on degraded sites seeded with Austrian black pine and Scots pine. Int Union Forest Res Org Res Grp 1 06 Restorat Degraded Sites, Int Union Forest Res Org Res Grp 3 02 Stand Establishment & Treatment, Int Union Forest Res Org Task Forces Forest Adaptat & Restorat under Global Change, Climate Change & Forest Hlth, Univ Insubria, Univ Palermo, Tuscia Univ, Italian Soc Forest Restorat, Italian Acad Forest Sci, Italian Botan Soc Scientific Research Project Coordination of Duzce University [BAP-2015.02.02.399] This work was supported by the Scientific Research Project Coordination of Duzce University [grant number (BAP-2015.02.02.399)].

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the testicular parenchyma in pediatric patients with testicular microlithiasis by shear wave elastography (SWE) and compare the values with normal control subjects. Methods Twenty-three patients previously diagnosed with testicular microlithiasis under follow-up for 20 ± 11 months were included in the study group. In the control group, 31 patients with no medical history that could affect testicular tissue were prospectively included. Forty-six testes in the study group and 62 testes in the control group were evaluated with gray-scale ultrasound and SWE. Results There were no differences in age and testes volume between the study and control groups. The mean SWE values of all testes based on elasticity and speed parameters in the study group were 8.84 ± 2.86 kPa and 1.66 ± 0.26 m/s, respectively. In the control group, mean SWE values were 5.26 ± 1.17 kPa and 1.31 ± 0.14 m/s, respectively. Elasticity values were significantly higher in testes with microlithiasis as compared with the control group (p Conclusions SWE evaluation demonstrates the effects of ultrastructural changes in elasticity that are not detected on gray-scale ultrasound. SWE is a more reliable method in follow-up examinations for pediatric testicular microlithiasis.

SARGINCI, Murat/0000-0002-2263-9003; TOPRAK, BULENT/0000-0001-6500-7885 WOS: 000395896600003 A significant amount of land area in the Central Anatolian Region of Turkey has saline-sodic soil properties. The aim of the current study was to use both soil amendment and tree to restore these degraded lands. The primary objective was to ameliorate soils by leaching excess sodium with gypsum and sulfur applications. Following soil treatments, salt cedar (Tamarix smyrnensis Bunge), Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) and silver poplar (Populus alba L.) seedlings were planted on experimental and control sites to evaluate the effects of the treatments on survival and growth of these species. In the fall of 2013, three-year-old seedlings were planted using 1.5 x 1.5 m spacing on each plot. Survival rates were determined and height and diameter were measured at the end of September 2015. Second year infiltration measurements indicated that both chemical treatments had significantly increased the infiltration capacity of the soil (P = 0.0003). Soil infiltration capacity on gypsum treated sites was about 55% higher than on sulfur sites. Following the second growing season, salt cedar had the highest survival rates of 80%. Silver poplar had 36% survival rates across the treatments. Russian olive had 50 cm height growth on both gypsum and sulfur application sites vs. only 25 cm on controls. Diameters of Russian olive on gypsum and sulfur sites were about 9.3 mm vs. 5 mm on the controls. Silver poplars on gypsum treated sites grew 42% taller than controls. Salt cedar had no significant growth responses among treatments. With appropriate soil amendments, especially gypsum, Russian olive gave the best overall two-year results. TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113O793]; Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs; General Directorate of Combating Desertification and Erosion (CEM); General Directorate of Forestry (OGM) This study is funded by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) through a Project no: 113O793 and titled as "Ic Anadolu Sodik Sahalarinda Jips ve Kukurt Uygulamasinin Agaclandirma Basarisina Etkisi". We also thank to Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Directorate of Combating Desertification and Erosion (CEM) and General Directorate of Forestry (OGM) for their support.

Giriş. İntranazal cerrahilerde fibrin glue doku yapıştırıcısı ve lokal hemostatik ajan ve doku yenilenmesini mekanik olarak hızlandıran bir ajan olarak kullanılmaktadır. Fibrin glue’nun biyouyumluğu genellikle yüksek olarak kabul edilir ve doku yüzeyleri için yapışkan olmakla birlikte yapışkan gücü çok düşüktür. Bu çalışmada fibrin glue’nun maksiller sinüs mukozası üzerindeki histopatolojik etkisinin rat modelinde gösterilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem. Bu çalışmada 10 Wistar albino rat kullanılmıştır. Fibrin glue bu çalışmada bir fibrinojen tabanlı çift bileşenli dolgu materyali olarak kullanıldı. Ratlara ketamin HCl ile genel anestezi uygulandıktan sonra sol maksiller sinüslerine fibrine glue ve sağ maksiller sinüslerine steril salin solusyonu enjekte edildi. Postoperatif 21. günde ratlara ötenazi uygulandıktan sonra maksiller sinüs mukozası histopatolojik inceleme için cerrahi olarak çıkartıldı. Fibroblast profilerasyonu, fibrozis, vasküler proliferasyon ve inflamatuar hücre infiltrasyonu 0-3 arasında skorlanırken ödem ve nekrozis yüzde olarak tespit edildi. Bulgular. Fibrin glue ve saline uygulanan iki grup arasında fibroblast proliferasyonu, vasküler proliferasyon, fibrozis ve enflamatuvar hücre infiltrasyonu skorları ve ödem ve nekrozis oranları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark saptanmadı. Sonuçlar. Elde ettiğimiz bulgular maksiller sinüs cerrahinde fibrine glue’nun güvenli bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini desteklemekle birlikte bu maddenin mukozal yüzeylerde inflamatuar değişikliklere neden olan bir potansiyelinin olabildiğini hekimlerin daima akılda tutması gerektiği kanısındayız., Aim. Fibrin glue is used as a tissue adhesive and local haemostatic agent during intranasal surgeries and it also causes mechanical fastening of tissue repairing procedure. Fibrin glue is generally considered highly biocompatible and adhesive to tissue surfaces, but it has very low cohesive strength. The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological effects of fibrin glue in maxillary sinus mucosa in the animal model. Method. Ten Wistar albino rats were used. The fibrin glue used for the present study was a fibrinogen-based compound with double sealant components. Ten rats were anaesthetized with ketamine HCl, then the fibrin glue was applied in the left maxillary sinus, and sterile saline solution was injected in the right maxillary sinus. On postoperative day 21, the animals were euthanatized and maxillary sinus mucosa was resected for histopathological examination. Fibroblast proliferation, vascular proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration were scored from zero to three and the ratios of edema and necrosis were reported. Results. There were no significant differences in fibroblast proliferation, vascular proliferation, fibrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration scores and the ratios of edema and necrosis between the saline and fibrin glue groups. Conclusions. Our findings support the use of fibrin glue for sinus surgery. But the surgeon should be aware of the fact that it has a potential to cause inflammatory changes.