Search

Joining of the similar & dissimilar materials alloys using heat of the friction in currently being used, especially for non-ferrous alloys which are considered as non-weldable alloys. Al 2024-T6 & Al 6061-T6 having length of 70mm and 12mm diameter were welded by using the friction welding process. Similar and dissimilar welded samples were obtained by applying different combinations of welding parameters like friction pressure 30bar, forging pressure from 50 to 60 bar, and rotational speed of 2200 rpm. Vickers microhardness and Tensile test was performed on similar and dissimilar welded samples. Test shows that ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the similar welded joint was greater than their respective base metals welds. Dissimilar weld samples have hardness and ultimate tensile strength greater than the base Al 6061-T6, and less than the base Al 2024-T6. From results, it was clearly shown that as forging pressure increased from 50 to 60 bar, ultimate tensile strength and hardness of the similar and dissimilar welded samples increased. Joints were analysed to investigate the fractography of all welded samples. All welded samples fractured on the base metal alloy and show the formation of the cup and cone like structure which indicate the ductile fracture of the joints.

Malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides exhibit strong potential for a variety of biological applications. This study demonstrates the synthesis of cobalt, silver, copper, zinc, and iron particles by a facile chemical reduction approach utilizing malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides as stabilizing and reducing agents. Comprehensive characterization of the particles was performed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis. The synthesized particles included both zero-valent metals and oxides exhibiting mixed-phase compositions that may influence their functional properties. UV–vis analysis confirmed the formation of particles represented by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks specific to each metal particle. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the interaction of the metal particles with the polymer matrix owing to the significant contribution of functional groups in the processes of reduction and stabilization. Further structural insights were obtained via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified crystalline phases, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated uniform morphologies. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis provided compositional details, affirming the purity and distribution of metallic elements. These findings highlight the potential of malic acid-derived polymers as versatile agents for nanoparticle synthesis with applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]