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Introduction. The study aims to assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts obtained from indigenous species of wormwood: Artemisia absinthium, A. annua, A. vulgaris and A. pontica. Materials and methods. For these experiments, we employed nociception models using thermal stimulus (hot plate and tail immersion tests, t = 52.5 0C; 30, 60 and 90 minutes testing), chemical stimulus (Zymosan-induced abdominal constriction response test, using distinct lots and testing at 60, 90 and 120 minutes after administration of samples) and pressure stimulus (Randall Selitto test) and an inflammation model for the evaluation of inflammatory edema by Plethysmometer test. Groups of 6 Swiss mice / lot were used, receiving by oral administration the plant extracts suspended in 0.1% CMC-Na. The doses were administered in geometric progression. Chemical analyses were performed by HPLC-MS in order to identify bioactive substances present in extracts: methoxylated flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, phytosterols and hydroxycinnamic acids. Results and discussion. All plant extracts showed antinociceptive action on the models with thermal stimulus, as demonstrated by the ED50 values obtained at different test times. In the models of nociception with chemical and mechanical stimulus, models based on inflammatory mediation, the studied fractions have partially proved their antinociceptive action. Regarding the degree of inhibition of inflammatory edema, the highest potency was exhibited by Artemisia pontica extract (86.5% inhibition for the dose of 100 mg/kg). Hispidulin and eupatorin, known anti-inflammatory compounds, were identified in all extracts, along with caffeic and chlorogenic acids, stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol. Conclusions. The obtained results support the use of these plant extracts in moderate intensity pain, triggered by both central and peripheral mechanisms.

Introduction. This study aims to evaluate the antinociceptive activity on inflammatory and non-inflammatory nociception models, as well as the anti-inflammatory action of hesperidin and its inclusion compounds with beta-cyclodextrin and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. Material and method. For these experiments, we employed nociception models using thermal, chemical and pressure stimuli and an inflammation model for the evaluation of inflammatory edema by plethysmometer test. Results and discussions. The obtained results demonstrate that the HES-βCD inclusion compounds exhibited antinociceptive action predominantly on experimental non-inflammatory nociception models, while HES-HP-βCD exhibited anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities predominantly in inflammatory nociception models. Conclusions. This research may be the starting point for future studies regarding the improvement of biopharmaceutical qualities of HES by encapsulation in cyclodextrins.

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Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is increased interest in the interactions between vascular disorders and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While initially these interactions were explained by the fact that these are both very common disorders, particularly later in life, recently, the possibility that these deficiencies might actually coexist is increasingly being questioned. This review attempts to present modern aspects and current reports regarding the interactions between AD, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and hypertension, while also describing the relevance of antihypertensive drug use acting via the RAS in the treatment and prevention of AD, as well as the importance of oxidative stress, the alteration of the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants, in the interaction between AD and the RAS.

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacist.ro is the property of MEDICHUB MEDIA, S.R.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present study, we were interested in the vascular effects of angiotensin II on perfused rings of the rat thoracic aorta and renal artery. Our results demonstrated different modulator alterations of these preparations induced by ammonium ions. Unlike the aortic rings, which exhibited only a reduction of angiotensin-induced contractility by NH4Cl, the renal artery preparations showed both activation of vasoconstriction and inhibition of vasorelaxation in the ring precontracted with phenylephrine or noradrenalin. These results are interpreted as a modulation by the ammonium ions of vascular reactions induced by the stimulation of the vasoconstrictor AT1 receptor on the one side and AT2 vasodilator receptors on the other. The potentiation of renal vasoconstriction accompanied by the reduction of angiotensin vasodilation by NH4Cl suggests the possibility of involvement from the blood flow and renal vascular tonus disturbances induced by ammonium ions during hyperammonemia of various causes.

Manganese is a very well known neurotoxic agent. It has been mainly linked to impaired motor skills and disturbed psychomotor development. However, very few aspects are known about the cognitive deficits and behavioral consequences of chronic manganese exposure. In this context, we report herein our findings regarding short-term spatial memory, motor and anxiety-like behavior assessments in male Wistar rats exposed for 45 days to two different doses (3 mg/kg b.w., i.p. and 10 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) of manganese. Behavior testing (Y-maze task and elevated plus maze) was performed after 45 days of manganese administration. Chronic manganese exposure in Wistar rats led to behavioral alterations consisting of cognitive deficiencies in the Y-maze task and anxiety/compulsive-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze, but no motor disturbances as tested by the number of arm entries in the Y-maze. Additional work is necessary to understand the longterm effects of different doses and dosing regimens of manganese on cognitive/affective and motor functioning.

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Alzheimer's disease, a major and increasing global health challenge, is an irreversible, progressive form of dementia, associated with an ongoing decline of brain functioning. The etiology of this disease is not completely understood, and no safe and e ective anti-Alzheimer's disease drug to prevent, stop, or reverse its evolution is currently available. Current pharmacotherapy concentrated on drugs that aimed to improve the cerebral acetylcholine levels by facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission through inhibiting cholinesterase. These compounds, recognized as cholinesterase inhibitors, o er a viable target across key sign domains of Alzheimer's disease, but have a modest influence on improving the progression of this condition. In this paper, we sought to highlight the current understanding of the cholinergic system involvement in Alzheimer's disease progression in relation to the recent status of the available cholinesterase inhibitors as e ective therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the years, supplements with vitamins were administered to children of all ages for prophylactic and curative purposes. Due to the abuse made in recent years and taking in consideration that they are not available only in pharmacies, the recommendation should be done only after the evaluation of the child deficiencies in close correlation with the diet which is followed. Pediatricians face not only the parents who request vitamins but also those who refuse to administer them when it is appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs metabolism consist in drug transformation in hydrosoluble substances to facilitate their excretion. This process appears initially in hepatocytes, generating inactive metabolites, relatively non-toxic, but sometimes they can produce toxic effects. In the majority of cases, the differences between child and adult consist in the ratio of metabolite production compared with the administered drug in a higher measure than the newer metabolites which appear in pediatric population. The high interindividual variability could also mask the differences which appear between the activities of some metabolizing enzymes of drugs during growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pain therapy, the most widely spread disorder, tends more as other diseases, to administration of drug molecules targeted to the affected tissue at the right dose, or to the patient or patient groups (personalized medicine). A decisive determinant of this strategy is the genetic one, which is to some extent the basis of the variability of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic response to analgesics in the patient population. The differences in action and response to analgesics are due in these cases to hyperfunctional or nonfunctional uni-nucleotide gene polymorphisms encoding enzyme-modified transport proteins or receptors involved in the biotransformation and dynamics of analgesics. Genomic testing increases therapeutic efficacy and avoids adverse effects especially in patients with long-term therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]