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The growth hormone (GH) gene has important regulatory roles in postnatal somatic growth, metabolism and development of vertebrates and fish. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic variations in a partial region of the GH gene and its associations of these variants with growth traits using DNA sequencing in 200 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) individuals. Five haplotypes (HAP1-5) and ten novel SNPs were identified as g.1557 A>T, g.1611 T>C, g.1663 C>G, g.1799 T>C, g.1824 T>C, g.1912 T>A, g.2052 G>C in the 1st partial intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron and 3rd partial exon of GH gene in European sea bass. The genotypes of GH g.1611 T>C locus were found associated with total weight, fillet weight and head length (p < 0.05). Association between the genotypes of GH g.1557A>T and pre-anal length, abdominal length were found statistically significant (p < 0.05). Similarly, the genotypes of g.1857 C>T loci which caused the synonymous mutation in phenylalanine amino acid were found associated with standard length (Pp < 0.05). Taken together, the HAP4 with positive effects on body weight and length traits should be used as a potential marker to improve the accuracy of selection in European sea bass in Mediterannean conditions.

The growth hormone (GH) gene has an important regulatory roles in postnatal somatic growth, metabolism and development of vertebrates and fish. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic variation of the GH gene and its associations with growth traits by DNA sequencing in 200 European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) individuals. Ten novel SNPs were identified as g.1557 A > T, g.1611 T > C, g.1663 C > G, g.1799 T > C, g.1824 T > C, g.1912 T > A, g.2052 G > C in the 1st partial intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron and 3rd partial exon of GH gene in European sea bass. The genotypes of GH g.1611 T > C locus were found associated with total weight, fillet weight and head length (p GH g.1557A > T and pre-anal length, abdominal length were found statistically significant (p GH g.1799 T > C locus which caused the amino acid change from Leucine to Serine (L8S) were found related to body length and abdominal length (p GH peptide. Thus, these SNPs have an effect on the growth traits of European sea bass and could be used for genomic selection in European sea bass breeding.

Insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) is a peptide hormone which plays a crucial role in the growth and metabolic regulations of vertebrates. in this study, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms on IGF-II gene in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and revealed the potential association between the genotypes of IGF-II gene and growth traits in 150 European sea bass. the polymorphisms were determined using DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP methods in two different regions of IGF-II gene. An AT indel and two SNPs as g.5127711C>G and g.5127731G>T in the intron 2 region, and one SNP as g.5129188C>T in the intron 3 region of IGF-II gene in the European sea bass were reported for the first time with this study. Two different genotypes (GG, TG) were observed and the G allele was predominant (65%) in the IGF-II-Ndel locus. Associations between the genotypes of IGF-11-Ndel locus and body weight and total length were statistically significant (P, Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Ege University [16-SUF-025], The funding of the current research was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Ege University (Project No: 16-SUF-025). We thank Evren Koban Bastanlar for her scientific contributions during writing stage of this article.

The Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) has a very important economic potential for aquaculture, but on the other hand, is among the highly invasive species in the world and within the Mediterranean ecosystem. In the 1960s, C. gigas was brought to Europe for aquaculture in the Mediterranean and Black Sea regions from Japan and Canada. The Turkish waters are the part of the Mediterranean Sea, which is the world’s most invaded sea. The invasion of alien species results from marine transportation and aquaculture activities of non-native species. A heavy maritime traffic is also present in the Marmara Sea, which connects the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea. The identification of the invasive species and their distributions is very prominent in terms of protecting natural habitat and monitoring the effects of invasive species. In this study, 30 individuals, morphologically identified as C. gigas, were collected from Bandırma bay. The genomic DNAs were extracted from each sample’s muscle tissue using universal salt extraction method. Partial sequences of COI and 16S Mitochondrial DNA loci of the sample DNAs were obtained for species identification. The sequences were searched against the database and results were retrieved from BLAST. All the sequences obtained in this study showed significant similarity with the C. gigas sequences present in the database (E=0). The sample sequences resulted in 9 different haplotypes for the COI locus (hd: 0.5296 and variance: 0.01256±0.112) and 5 different haplotypes for the 16S rDNA locus (hd: 0.2529, Variance: 0.01076±0.104). The results of this study provided the first molecular evidence for the presence of non-native Pacific oyster individuals in the Marmara Sea.

Rapiddetermination of the genetic differences between some oyster samples observedin the Aegean Sea that were assumed as an invasive species and domestic oyster(Ostrea edulis, Linnaeus 1758) using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)-PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) markers was aimed in this study. In thisregard, domestic species samples and the other samples collected from Altınolukcoasts which were morphologically different than Ostrea species and wereshowing similarities to Crassostrea genus were genetically indetified by using8 RAPD profiles. Total 343 bands were observed in the study. Polymorphism ratewas found higher in the samples that might belong to Crassostrea genus. 6 ofall loci considered in this study were found highly identical for thesespecies. Total of 16 species-spesific diagnostic bands: 11 bands for theinvasive species and 5 bands for the domestic species, were determined., Bu çalışmada, EgeDenizi’nde gözlemlenen ve istilacı tür olduğu düşünülen bazı istiridyeörnekleriyle, yerli istiridye türü olan Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus 1758) örnekleriarasındaki genetik farklılıkların tespitinin, RAPD (Rastgele ÇoğaltılmışPolimorfik DNA)-PCR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) yardımıyla hızlı bir şekildebelirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, denizlerimizin yaygın türü olan Ostreagenusundan morfolojik olarak farklı olduğu gözlenen ve Crassostrea genusuna aitözellikler gösteren istiridye bireyleriyle, yerli tür 8 adet RAPD profilikullanılarak genetik olarak ayırt edilmiştir. Çalışmada toplam 343 bant eldeedilmiştir. Polimorfizm oranı Crassostrea sp.’ye ait örneklerde daha yüksekbulunmuştur. Ele alınan lokuslardan 6 tanesinin ayrım gücü yüksek çıkmıştır.İstilacı türe ait 11, yerli türe ait 5 adet toplamda 16 adet türe-özgüdiagnostik bant belirlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, Ege Denizi'nde gözlemlenen ve istilacı tür olduğu düşünülen bazı istiridye örnekleriyle, yerli istiridye türü olan Ostrea edulis (Linnaeus 1758) örnekleri arasındaki genetik farklılıkların tespitinin, RAPD (Rastgele Çoğaltılmış Polimorfik DNA)-PCR (Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu) yardımıyla hızlı bir şekilde belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, denizlerimizin yaygın türü olan Ostrea genusundan morfolojik olarak farklı olduğu gözlenen ve Crassostrea genusuna ait özellikler gösteren istiridye bireyleriyle, yerli tür 8 adet RAPD profili kullanılarak genetik olarak ayırt edilmiştir. Çalışmada toplam 343 bant elde edilmiştir. Polimorfizm oranı Crassostrea sp.'ye ait örneklerde daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Ele alınan lokuslardan 6 tanesinin ayrım gücü yüksek çıkmıştır. İstilacı türe ait 11, yerli türe ait 5 adet toplamda 16 adet türe-özgü diagnostik bant belirlenmiştir., Rapid determination of the genetic differences between some oyster samples observed in the Aegean Sea that were assumed as an invasive species and domestic oyster (Ostrea edulis, Linnaeus 1758) using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) markers was aimed in this study. In this regard, domestic species samples and the other samples collected from Altınoluk coasts which were morphologically different than Ostrea species and were showing similarities to Crassostrea genus were genetically indetified by using 8 RAPD profiles. Total 343 bands were observed in the study. Polymorphism rate was found higher in the samples that might belong to Crassostrea genus. 6 of all loci considered in this study were found highly identical for these species. Total of 16 species-spesific diagnostic bands: 11 bands for the invasive species and 5 bands for the domestic species, were determined.

Bu çalışmada, Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) ve Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801)'un akuakültür şartlarında suni döllenme yoluyla çaprazlanmasıyla elde edilen hibrit bireylerinin bazı morfometrik özellikleri ve boy-ağırlık ilişkileri incelenmiştir. 39 bireyde boy, ağırlık ve kondisyon faktörü değerleri sırasıyla 26,12 - 48,67 mm, 0, 7 - 0, 99 g, 0,81- 1,09 arasındadır. Boy-ağırlık ilişkisi, 0, 000009 * TL 3.006 r = 0, 99 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre bireyler b değerine göre izometrik büyüme (b=3) göstermiştir. Biyotrik analizler sonunda örnekler arasında 10 morfometrik ölçüm içinde en önemli farklılık üst çene-pektoral yüzgeç (MPL) arasında (P, In this study, length-weight relations and some morphometric characteristics of hybrid juveniles obtained by crossing of Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758) and Argyrosomus regius (Asso, 1801) via artificial fertilization under aquaculture conditions were investigated. Lengths, weights and condition factors of 39 hybrid juvenile specimen varied between 26.12 and 48.67 mm, 0.7 and 0.99 g, 0.81 and 1.09 respectively. Length-weight relationship (W) was calculated (0.000009 * TL3.006 r= 0.99). Individuals have shown isometric growth (b=3) according to the results of regression analyze by b value. All 10 morphometric measurements presented significant differences between the examined species in this study at the end of biometrical analyses except distance of maxilla and pectoral fin (MPL) (P

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary lipid on the growth and feed utilization of Meagre (Argyrosomus regius Asso, 1801), taking into account their feeding behavior of collecting food from the bottom of the cages. The fish (141.07 +/- 0.5g, average weight +/- SD; 22.18 +/- 0.53 cm, average total length +/- SD) were fed three isonitrogenous experimental diets (45% crude protein, dry matter) containing 16% (group A), 18% (group B), and 20% (group C) crude lipids for 570 days. The fish were stocked into 9 net cages (16 m diameter; 7 m deep) at a density of 16000 fish per cage with 2 replications. At the end of the experiment fish in the A, B, and C groups reached 1054.59 +/- 5.9, 1026.32 +/- 4.3, 955.31 +/- 2.3 mean live weight (g) and 45.78 +/- 1.6, 44.43 +/- 1.4, 43.88 +/- 1.4 mean total length (cm) respectively. FCR and CF values were 1.99, 2.07, 2.14 and 1.999, 1.131, 1.170 respectively for each group, at the end of the study. VSI, HIS, and GSI values were also calculated. Growth rate in fish from group A (fed the lowest lipid diet) was superior to the other dietary groups. Cross sections of their liver were checked and were found to have less lipidosis.

Chantier qualité GA; International audience; The meagre Argyrosomus regius is a large Sciaenid fish known to reproduce in the eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea in just five distinct and restricted geographic areas: along the Mauritanian coast and at estuary openings (Gironde, Tagus, Guadalquivir and Nile). The biological traits of A. regius (high dispersal capabilities, high fecundity, long larval phase, overlapping generations, reproduction until 40 years of age) are, in principle, favourable to high gene flow, which should lead to genetic homogeneity over large geographic scales. Nevertheless, the high geographic distances between the few reproductive areas leads one ask whether there is genetic differentiation in this species. In the present study, the genetic differentiation of the wild A. regius was investigated across most of its natural range from the Atlantic Ocean (France, Portugal, Spain, Mauritania) to the Mediterranean Sea (Egypt, Turkey), using 11 microsatellite markers previously identified in another Sciaenid, the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus. At least two very distinct groups could be identified, separated by the Gibraltar Strait. Genetic divergences (FST values) were intermediate between the Atlantic samples (0.012–0.041), high between Egypt and the Atlantic (0.06–0.107) or Aegean Sea (0.081) and extremely high between the Aegean Sea and the Atlantic (0.098–0.168). A. regius exhibited a very high level of genetic differentiation rarely reported in marine fishes. These results also demonstrate the existence of a sixth independent spawning area in the Menderes delta (Turkey). Factors potentially involved in this very high genetic fragmentation are discussed, including physical barriers, glaciation pulses and biological traits.

Özet: Bu çalışmada, bir Nil tilapyası (Oreochromis niloticus) populasyonunda yaş, cinsiyet ve ağırlık ölçümleri kullanılarak; hasat ağırlığı için, damızlık değerleri, En İyi Doğrusal Sapmasız Tahminleme (BLUP) yöntemi kullanılarak tahmin edilmiştir. Herhangi bir seleksiyon uygulanmamış bu tilapya populasyonunda hasat ağırlığı için tahmin edilen ortalama damızlık değer tahmini, 0,03 bulunmuştur. Erkek tilapya balıklarının hasat ağırlığı için ortalama damızlık değer tahminleri (2,908), dişilerin ortalama damızlık değer tahminlerinden (-2,740) daha yüksek bulunmuş olup, cinsiyet ile hasat ağırlığına ait damızlık değer tahminleri arasındaki ilişki önemli bulunmuştur. Damızlık seçiminde, bir bireyin tüm özellikleri için, en güvenilir tahmin imkanını veren BLUP yöntemi kullanılmıştır., In this study, breeding values in a Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) population for harvest weight was estimated according to weight, age and sex data using Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (BLUP) method. Mean estimated breeding value (EBV) for harvest weight in this unselected tilapia population was found 0.03. Mean EBV of male fish (2.908) for harvest weight was found higher than the mean EBV of females (-2.740) and relation between sex and estimated breeding values of harvest weight was found significant according to a t test. The BLUP method which gives opportunity of the most reliable estimations for all traits of an individual in selecting broodstock was used

Chantier qualité GA; Skeletal deformities are important traits for aqua-culture as they induce slow growing and low market value. We studied their genetic determinism and their interactions with the environment at the ongrowing stage in 5839 European sea bass from a partial factorial mating of 33 sires and 23 dams, reared in four sites. All families were mixed, and fish were first reared in one site (site B) until 35 g mean weight, then distributed to the four sites. A posteriori reconstruction of pedigree with microsatellites was used. Deformities were scored internally at slaughtering, and externally from photographs. Site B, where all fish were initially stocked until 35 g and exposed to forced swimming because of fast water current showed the highest rate of deformities with 83% and 65% from internal and external scoring respectively. Heritability on the underlying scale wash 2 =0.25±0.03 across all sites, and varied little between sites, while genetic correlations of deformities between sites were always high (>0.85). Genetic correlations between deformities and daily growth coefficient were variable between sites(rA=0.50±0.09, 0.43±0.10, 0.32±0.10, 0.18±0.10 for sites A, B, C, D respectively) and were positively linked with the average growth rate in each site. These results pointed out that there could be a relation between growth rate and the evolution of deformities at the grow-out stage.

amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla nişasta jel elektroforezinden yararlanılmıştır. Her iki bölgeye ait istiridye populasyonları arasında Est, Mdh, Pgm ve Genel Protein (Prot) lokuslarındaki genetik benzerlik ve farklılıkların araştırılmıştır. İncelenen iki populasyonda da Mdh, Pgm ve Prot lokusları polimorfik, Est allozim lokusu ise monomorfik bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Pgm allozim sisteminde 2 lokus belirlenmiştir (Pgm-1 ve Pgm-2). İncelenen istiridye populasyonlarına ait heterozigotluk değerleri; Mdh, Pgm-1 Pgm-2 ve Prot için sırasıyla, 0.20, 0.58, 0.32 ve 0.55 bulunmuştur. Çalışmada İzmir ve Çanakkale istiridye populasyonları arasındaki genetik benzerlik değerleri Mdh, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 ve Prot lokusları için sırasıyla 1.000, 0.999, 0.996 ve 0.888 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre her iki populasyonun genetik olarak birbirine yakın olduğu gözlenmiştir

Bu çalışmada, Çanakkale Boğazı ve İzmir Körfezinde bulunan istiridye populasyonlarında genetik varyasyonun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla nişasta jel elektroforezinden yararlanılmıştır. Her iki bölgeye ait istiridye populasyonları arasında Est, Mdh, Pgm ve Genel Protein (Prot) lokuslarındaki genetik benzerlik ve farklılıkların araştırılmıştır. İncelenen iki populasyonda da Mdh, Pgm ve Prot lokusları polimorfik, Est allozim lokusu ise monomorfik bulunmuştur. Ayrıca Pgm allozim sisteminde 2 lokus belirlenmiştir (Pgm-1 ve Pgm-2). İncelenen istiridye populasyonlarına ait heterozigotluk değerleri; Mdh, Pgm-1 Pgm-2 ve Prot için sırasıyla, 0.20, 0.58, 0.32 ve 0.55 bulunmuştur. Çalışmada İzmir ve Çanakkale istiridye populasyonları arasındaki genetik benzerlik değerleri Mdh, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 ve Prot lokusları için sırasıyla 1.000, 0.999, 0.996 ve 0.888 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre her iki populasyonun genetik olarak birbirine yakın olduğu gözlenmiştir., In this study, genetic variation of oyster populations in Çanakkale Strait and Gulf of Izmir was aimed to determine with starch gel electrophoresis. Genetic similarities between oyster populations from these two regions were examined by evaluating the expression of using Pgm, Mdh, Est and General Protein (Prot) loci. Separation of enzymes types in considered populations; Est was monomorphic; Mdh, Pgm and Prot were polymorphic. In addition, two loci were determined for Pgm enzyme system (Pgm-1 and Pgm-2). For both oyster populations; heterozygosity for Mdh, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 and Prot were found respectively 0.20, 0.58, 0.32 and 0.55. In the study, genetic similarity values between İzmir and Çanakkale populations by Mdh, Pgm-1, Pgm-2 and Prot loci were respectively 1.000, 0.999, 0.996 and 0.888. These results show that both populations are genetically close to each others.

Markalama ve etiketleme yöntemleri özellikle uzun süreli yetiştiricilik çalışmalarında oldukça öneme sahiptir. Kullanılacak yöntem, çalışmanın başarısını belirlediği gibi özellikle yaşama oranları üzerinde de etkilidir. PIT (Passive integrated transponder) ve VI-Alfa (visible implant alphanumeric) markalar kullanılarak yapılan çalışmada, marka etkinliği (marka geri dönüşüm oranı) PIT marka kullanılan gruplarda %95.31 ve %96.62 olarak tespit edilirken, VI-alfa grubunda ise net olarak okunan marka sayısı dikkate alındığında marka etkinliği %42.35 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yaşama oranlarına bakıldığında ise, PIT marka gruplarında ilk 30 gün sonunda yaşama oranları %95,31 ve %96,62 olarak gerçekleşirken VI-alfa grubunda ise hiçbir kayba rastlanmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre PIT markaların özellikle uzun süreli su ürünleri yetiştiriciliği çalışmalarında kullanımının çalışma başarısı açısından daha verimli olduğu tespit edilmiştir

WOS: 000280735200051, Two hundred fifty three full-sib families from 33 males and 23 females of European seabass were produced in a partly factorial mating design. All fish were reared in the same tank for 14 months until reaching mean weight of 35 g. then 7000 of them were individually tagged and weighed, and dispatched to four farms in different locations (France, Israel, Italy and Portugal) representing a wide variety of environmental conditions. Around mean weight of 400 g. 1177 to 1667 fish at each site were weighed. Daily growth coefficient (DGC) was calculated. Pedigrees were successfully redrawn for 99.2% of fish using microsatellite markers. Genetic correlations between sites were high for body weight (>0.80 in all cases but one, i.e., five cases over six), but only moderate for DGC (0.21-0.61), with one exception. This indicates significant G x E interactions for growth rate, which were not revealed when studying body weight due to shared common environment of the fish prior to separation to the different rearing environments. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., ECEuropean Commission Joint Research CentreEuropean Community (EC) [Q5CR-2002-71720]; INRA and Ifremer, This work was carried out within the framework of CRAFT project no. Q5CR-2002-71720 (Heritabolum) funded by the EC and the private farms, Panittica Pugliese (Italy), Viveiro Villanova (Portugal) and Ardag (Israel), which are also thanked for their active participation. The present work was also part of the program of the Research Group 'Amelioration Genetique des Poissons' between INRA and Ifremer.

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde eldeki stokların genetik yapısını tanımlamak, biyolojik çeşitliliğin korunması ve çiftliklerden doğaya kaçışın etkilerinin en aza indirilmesinin yanında, uygulanan seleksiyon yoluyla ıslah programlarının da uzun vadede yararlı sonuçlar ortaya çıkarması gibi açılardan önemlidir. Çalışmada iki kuluçkahanenin anaç stoklarının (Akvatek 149, Egemar 81 adet) genetik yapısı mikrosatelit polimorfizmi açısından karşılaştırılmış, lokuslara ait parametrelerin populasyonlara göre değiştiği gözlenmiştir. İncelenen 12 adet lokusun allel sayıları populasyonlar ayrı ayrı ele alındığında 3 ile 17 arasında değişmektedir. Akvatek için en polimorfik lokus DLA0064 ($H _G$=0.9697, $H _B$=0.8479), Egemar için DLA0070 ($H _G$=0.8333, $H _B$=0.8433) olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm sonuçlara göre mikrosatelit polimorfizminin populasyonlara göre değiştiği söylenebilir., Determination of genetic structure of available aquaculture stocks is an important subject for protecting biodiversity and reducing effects of escapes from farms and also for getting good results for long term from selective breeding. in the study broodstock (Akvatek 149, Egemar 81) of two hatcheries were compared using microsatelite polymorphism, changes in parameters for loci depending on the population were observed. Allel numbers of 12 loci that were investigated were between 3 and 17 when populations considered seperately. DLA0064 was found to be the most polymorphic locus for Akvatek $H _0$=0.9697, $H _E$=0.8479) and DLA0070 was found to be the most polymorphic locus for Egemar ($H _0$=0.8333, $H _E$=0.8433). According to all results, it can be said that microsatellite polymorphism might show changes depending on the populations.