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Objective: To report the imaging findings of a 22-year-old Asian woman with a freely movable retro-areolar nodule in the right breast, first noticed after a holiday in The Philippines., Material and Methods: We preformed clinical examination, mammography and ultrasound with color Doppler imaging. A differential diagnosis of epidermal inclusion cyst, complex cyst, well demarcated carcinoma and echinococcus cyst was proposed. For further differential diagnosis, a MRI of the breasts was performed on a 1.5 superconducting system, with a bilateral breast coil. T2- and T1 weighted images, followed by axial echo-planar diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) were performed with b values of 0, 500, and 1000 mm2/s (trace images and ADC maps)., Results: The high signal intensity on T2 weighted images confirmed the cystic character of the lesion. The high signal intensity on T1 FS weighted images can be seen in complex cysts and inclusion cysts, but is less likely in an echinococcus cyst. On DW-MRI there is a marked diffusion restriction in the nodule, which can be seen in complex cysts and inclusion cysts. A well demarcated carcinoma is less likely, unless a tumour with a very high cellularity. Because neither carcinoma nor echinococcus cyst could be ruled out, a surgical excision was performed. Pathological examination revealed normal squamous epithelium with stratification and lamellated keratin, consistent with an epidermal inclusion cyst., Conclusion: We argue that in selected cases DW-MRI can be useful to narrow the differential diagnosis and notable differentiate epidermal inclusion cysts from echinococcus cysts.

We report the imaging findings in an infarcted phyllodes tumor of the breast. A 40-year-old woman presented ten months after surgery for a benign phyllodes tumour with a palpable lump under the scar. We performed clinical examination, mammography, sonography, and MRI. The radiological diagnosis was a postoperative hematoma with granulation tissue. Surgery was performed. Histological diagnosis revealed an infarcted phyllodes tumour. This case illustrates the radiological presentation of a completely infarcted phyllodes tumour. As far as we know, imaging findings of an infarcted phyllodes tumour have not been reported yet.

A case of a primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast in a patient with synchronous contralateral invasive ductal adenocarcinoma is reported. To our knowledge, no dynamic MR mammography of this pathology is described in the literature. On MR, it presented as a mainly non-enhancing, partially cystic mass with an enhancing irregular peripheral rim. In the differential diagnosis of a mass with unsharp margins and an irregular border of the cystic or the non-enhancing area on MR mammography, a primary squamous cell carcinoma must be included.

The problem of dynamic MR mammography remains its low specificity. Therefore, the examination is only useful when it is performed as a complementary examination and only for good indications. The aim of the study was to analyse the indications for MR mammography in 12 Belgian hospitals and to evaluate whether MRI was useful for these indications. The two most frequent reasons for which MR mammography was performed in these hospitals were a diagnostic problem after clinical examination, mammography and ultrasound, and differentiation between post-therapeutic changes and recurrent disease, both of which are good indications. MRI examinations in the 12 hospitals were useful in patients receiving the examination for a good indication. However, in the group of the known poor indications we see much false positive MRI results.

Whiplash describes the manner in which a head is moved suddenly to produce a sprain in the neck and typically occurs after rear-end automobile collisions. It is one of the most common mechanisms of injury to the cervical spine. Although considered by some to be a form of compensation neurosis, evidence suggests that whiplash injuries are real and that they are a potential cause of significant impairment. Symptoms of cervical whiplash injury include neck pain and stiffness, interscapular pain, arm pain and/or occipital headache, and many whiplash patients have persistent complaints. Cervical roentgenography and conventional or computed tomography (CT) may show dislocations, subluxations and fractures in severely traumatized patients, but often fail to determine or visualize the cause for a whiplash syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), however, is able to assess different types of soft-tissue lesions related to whiplash injuries. Dynamic imaging may show functional disturbances. More widespread use of flexion/extension views, high-resolution static MRI and especially dynamic MRI should improve the correlation between imaging findings and patients' complaints.

A prospective study including seventy-seven consecutive patients suspected of having ovarian tumoral or pseudotumoral pathology on CT was carried out. Fifty-nine patients had surgery with histological diagnosis. When comparing the CT and histological findings in benign and malignant lesions we obtained an overall accuracy of 95% with only three misdiagnosed cases on CT. False positive diagnosis of malignancy was established in a case of abdominal actinomycotic infection, a case of chronic appendicitis, and in a ruptured ectopic pregnancy. These three cases are discussed in detail.