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Abstract A four-level double lambda closed atomic configuration is considered to study the polarization plane rotation of the probe beam through cold as well as thermal Rb $$^{87}$$ 87 atomic medium by varying the spontaneously generated coherence (SGC). Magnetic field and strong coupling field are applied to the atomic configuration. The light-matter interaction leads to enhanced the magneto-optical rotation. The intensity of the applied fields plays promising role in the generation and enhancement of birefringence. It ultimately enhances the polarization plane rotation of the probe beam in the Doppler medium. In the presence of both SGC and Doppler broadening effects, the optical rotation and transmission of the weak light beam are modified and controlled as well, which have potential applications in magnetometery and laser frequency stabilization.

We examine the magneto-optical and image state rotation (MOR) of left and right circularly plane-polarized light pulse through a double Λ-type four-level configuration of Rubidium atom via Kerr field and Doppler broadening in the presence of the static magnetic field. The medium’s behavior is different for both orthogonal components of the probe beam, causing linear dichroism or circular birefringence. Enhanced and lossless MOR is obtained by applying the control field through a closed-loop birefringent system. We observe a magnified angle of rotation of probe field in Doppler broadened medium. It is shown that due to the Kerr nonlinearity, the rotation angle of the probe beam is generated and modified through cold and Doppler broadened medium. Moreover, almost complete polarization rotation is observed for a particular set of parameters. The MOR can be effectively utilized in designing new TM/TE polarization modes, optical communication, polarization spectroscopy, lider with backscattering depolarization, precision measurements, and magnetometry.

V-series nerve agents are very lethal to health and cause the inactivation of acetylcholinesterase which leads to neuromuscular paralysis and, finally, death. Therefore, rapid detection and elimination of V-series nerve agents are very important. Herein, we have carried out a theoretical investigation of carbon nitride quantum dots (C2N) as an electrochemical sensor for the detection of V-series nerve agents, including VX, VS, VE, VG, and VM. Adsorption of V-series nerve agents on C2N quantum dots is explored at M05-2X/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. The level of theory chosen is quite adequate in systems describing non-bonding interactions. The adsorption behavior of nerve agents is characterized by interaction energy, non-covalent interaction (NCI), Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), frontier molecular orbital (FMO), electron density difference (EDD), and charge transfer analysis. The computed adsorption energies of the studied complexes are in the range of −12.93 to −17.81 kcal/mol, which indicates the nerve agents are physiosorbed onto C2N surface through non-covalent interactions. The non-covalent interactions between V-series and C2N are confirmed through NCI and QTAIM analysis. EDD analysis is carried out to understand electron density shifting, which is further validated by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. FMO analysis is used to estimate the changes in energy gap of C2N on complexation through HOMO-LUMO energies. These findings suggest that C2N surface is highly selective toward VX, and it might be a promising candidate for the detection of V-series nerve agents.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment, training perception, organizational support, and organizational citizenship behavior within the banking sector. Data were gathered from 250 employees of commercial banks in Dhaka, Bangladesh, utilizing an online survey questionnaire. This quantitative and exploratory study ultimately analyzed a final sample of 200 participants, using a convenience sampling method. A five-point Likert scale was applied to assess replies, with “1” signifying “Strongly Disagree” and “5” signifying “Strongly Agree.” SPSS was applied to test the research model. A positive and significant relationship was revealed between organizational commitment, perception of training, organizational support, and citizenship behavior. Based on these findings, bank management should leverage organizational commitment, perceived training, and perceived organizational support to enhance citizenship behavior among employees, thereby improving overall bank performance. The perceived training (β = 0.287; p < 0.05) had the highest effect on organizational citizenship behavior, while organizational commitment (β = 0.275; p < 0.05) had the lowest effect on organizational citizenship behavior. Specifically, the standardized beta coefficient for perceived training suggests that improvements in employee perceptions of training are associated with notable increases in organizational citizenship behavior, making it the most influential factor in this analysis. In comparison, organizational commitment, with a lower beta coefficient also positively affects organizational citizenship behavior, but to a lesser degree than perceived training. The results of this study are advantageous for the banking industry and strategists seeking to promote organizational citizenship behavior among their employees.

Abstract Background Acute Heart Failure (AHF) presents as a serious pathophysiological disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates, requiring immediate medical intervention. Traditional treatment involves diuretics and vasodilators, but a subset of patients develop resistance due to acute cardiorenal syndrome. Dapagliflozin, categorized as a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), has emerged as a promising therapy for AHF, demonstrating substantial benefits in reducing both mortality and morbidity among patients. The purpose of this meta-analysis and systematic review is to determine dapagliflozin’s safety and efficacy in AHF patients. Methods In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search across several databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane Library) up to June 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared dapagliflozin with control treatments in patients with AHF. Key outcomes of interest included In-Hospital Cardiovascular mortality rates, duration of hospitalization, and instances of in-hospital worsening. Data extraction and quality assessment adhered to established protocols and the results were evaluated using Review Manager (RevMan Version 5.4.1) The assessment of bias risk follows the principles established in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Results Five RCTs comprising 912 patients met the inclusion criteria. Dapagliflozin significantly reduced In-Hospital Cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.88, p = 0.01, I²=26%) and 30-day hospital readmissions (RR 0.73, CI 0.54–0.99, p = 0.05, I²=7%). However, dapagliflozin did not significantly affect the length of hospital stay (MD -0.11, CI -0.73-0.51, p = 0.72, I²=60%) or the incidence of hypotension (RR 0.82, CI 0.36–1.84, p = 0.63, I²=0%). A significant weight change was observed (MD 0.93, CI 0.03–1.83, p = 0.04, I²=95%), which was resolved upon sensitivity analysis (MD 1.34, CI 1.02–1.66, p

Excellent teachers produce quality students who resembles their teachers. Teaching is a very challenging and stressful job that create emotional distress for teachers and have a significant impact on students. Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory of Motivation inspired this study, which focused on Emotional Intelligence. This study attempts to measure the influences of Bangladeshi teachers' emotional intelligence (EI) on students' motivation for academic learning. This research incorporates Daniel Goleman's five EI dimensions: self-awareness (SA), self-regulation (SR), self-motivation (SM), empathy (EM) and social skills (SS). The survey includes students of 14 private and 14 public universities from Bangladesh. A 31-item structured questionnaire survey was designed to collect data from (N = 415) respondents using a five-point Likert scale, and structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed to measure the reliability, validity, and test of hypotheses. Results revealed that students' motivation for academic learning is directly influenced by teachers' emotional self-awareness (SA), self-regulation (SR), self-motivation (SM), empathy (EM) and social skills (SS). The study's findings indicate that students' motivation for academic learning is positively influenced by teachers' emotional intelligence. Consequently, this study contributes to the body of knowledge on emotional intelligence by offering implications for teachers in higher education.

Accurate energy consumption forecasting is critical for efficient power distribution management. This study presents a novel approach for optimal allocation forecasting of energy consumption in a power distribution company, utilizing the Least Squares Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) optimized by novel variants of the Barnacle Mating Optimizer (BMO) such as the new Gooseneck Barnacle Optimizer and Selective Opposition-based constrained BMO. The optimized LSSVM hyper-parameters, specifically the regularization parameter (γ) and the kernel parameter (σ2), were applied to test data to enhance accuracy guided by the Mean Absolute Prediction Error (MAPE), ensuring precise alignment of forecasted values with actual energy consumption data. The results indicate that the novel gooseneck barnacle base-optimized LSSVM provides a robust and reliable solution with accuracy 99.98% for daily energy consumption for allocation forecasting, making it a valuable tool for power distribution companies aiming to optimize their resource allocation and planning processes.

This is the first study to use discrete choice experiment in exploring the stated choice preference of blended learning preference among the university students in the context of Bangladesh. As a prerequisite in developing student engagement learning strategies, we investigate the choice preference of university students towards different types of blended learning to explore relevant concerns and challenges in order to plan for successful implementation of this option. Around 306 responses from the students belonging to Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP) and North South University (NSU) are considered representing both public and private universities in Bangladesh. Conditional logit model is used to explore the choice preference of the respondents based on the attributes. We find that university students explicitly dislike recorded videos as the primary mode of instruction as there is minimum human interaction using this method. Students with mobile internet also prefer offline classes to online classes, whereas students with broadband internet prefer the opposite choices. The policy implications of these findings hold global relevance in devising student engagement strategies towards blended learning such as for other developing economies in South Asia which were forced to transition to online learning as an adaptation response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

The level of job satisfaction has a significant impact on an individual's job behaviors. In any organization, job satisfaction affects performance as part of job behavior significantly. Its importance in developing nations like Bangladesh is clear. The present study investigated the relationship of Bangladesh industrial workers' job satisfaction level and job behavior as workplace behaviors that affect job performance. This quantitative study collected data from respondents using a standardized questionnaire. A sample of 300 Bangladeshi industrial workers was chosen. An 8-item self-report (JPI) measurement scale was utilized for the evaluation of job performance. The measurement of job satisfaction was conducted through the utilization of the job satisfaction index (JSI). Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 24.0 version was used for data and regression analysis in this study for hypotheses testing. The analysis found a disproportionate amount of people satisfied with their jobs. The study revealed that job satisfaction is a critical job behavior that affects job performance. The study also indicated that job-related factors affected job performance more than personal traits. Also found, employees who reported high levels of job satisfaction also reported higher levels of job performance. Bangladeshi industrial regulators and mill authorities can use the results to design regulations that boost employee performance and work happiness. It can also be used to evaluate employee treatment and how job satisfaction affects other job behaviors to guide organizational decisions and initiatives.

In this study, we examine the critical question of whether global equity and bond assets (both green and non-green) offer effective hedging and safe haven properties against stock market risks in South Asia, with a focus on Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The increasing integration of global financial markets and the volatility experienced during recent economic crises raise important questions regarding the resilience of South Asian markets and the potential protective role of global assets. Drawing on methods like VaR and CVaR tail risk estimators, the DCC-GJR-GARCH time-varying connectedness approach, and cost-effectiveness tools for hedging, we analyze data spanning from 2014 to 2022 to assess these relationships comprehensively. Our findings demonstrate that stock markets in Bangladesh experience lower levels of downside risk in each quantile; however, safe haven properties from the global financial markets are effective for Bangladeshi, Indian, and Pakistani stock markets during the crisis period. Meanwhile, the Sri Lankan stock market neither receives hedging usefulness nor safe haven benefits from the same marketplaces. Additionally, global green assets, specifically green bond assets, are more reliable sources to ensure the safest investment for South Asian investors. Finally, the portfolio implications suggest that while traditional global equity assets offer ideal portfolio weights for South Asian investors, global equity and bond assets (both green and non-green) are the cheapest hedgers for equity investors, particularly in the Bangladeshi, Pakistani, and Sri Lankan stock markets. Moreover, these results hold significant implications for investors seeking to optimize portfolios and manage risk, as well as for policymakers aiming to strengthen regional market resilience. By clarifying the protective capacities of global assets, particularly green ones, our study contributes to a nuanced understanding of portfolio diversification and financial stability strategies within emerging markets in South Asia.

We examine the interactive link between oil prices and the stock market in the 4 selected South Asian countries using a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model for 1997–2018. We find a positive relationship between the world oil price and stock market index, and the response of the stock market index to positive and negative oil price shocks is asymmetric. Our results further reveal that higher oil prices in the world market stimulate stock price, suggesting that the South Asian countries do not follow the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). We recommend that the policymakers take initiatives to make the South Asian stock market more efficient by removing the barriers to stock market development, developing the country’s infrastructure, enhancing the stock market’s capacity, and restoring the confidence of the market participants within the region.

Purpose - The distinct linkage between tourism and energy has received significant attention due to the recent momentum towards green tourism and environmental sustainability. Given the present growth trajectory of the tourism industry, we examine the selected South Asian countries' tourismrenewable energy nexus. Design - We obtain data (1995 to 2018) from the World Bank (2018) and the BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2018). Methodology - Second generation cointegration tests were conducted to verify the cointegrating relationship. DCCE and ARDL-PMG methods were used for long-run estimation. DumitrescuHurlin panel causality test was conducted to check long-run causalities. Finally, Variance Decomposition analysis was used to assess the effect of tourism on REs in the future Findings - Tourism and renewable energy consumption are positively associated in the long-run. Unidirectional causalities are observed from tourism to renewable energy uses at both the aggregate and disaggregate levels. Furthermore, tourism can significantly explain the predicted variation in the use of different renewable energies for the next 15 years. Originality - To our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to analyse the relationship between tourism and renewable energy consumption at both aggregate and disaggregated levels in South Asia. We also propose tourism-friendly renewable energy policies that may be key for continuing sustainable tourism development in the selected South Asian countries.

Abstract Background Transposable elements (TE) comprise nearly half of the human genome and their insertions have profound effects to human genetic diversification and as well as disease. Despite their abovementioned significance, there is no consensus on the TE subfamilies that remain active in the human genome. In this study, we therefore developed a novel statistical test for recently mobile subfamilies (RMSs), based on patterns of overlap with > 100,000 polymorphic indels. Results Our analysis produced a catalogue of 20 high-confidence RMSs, which excludes many false positives in public databases. Intriguingly though, it includes HERV-K, an LTR subfamily previously thought to be extinct. The RMS catalogue is strongly enriched for contributions to germline genetic disorders (P = 1.1e-10), and thus constitutes a valuable resource for diagnosing disorders of unknown aetiology using targeted TE-insertion screens. Remarkably, RMSs are also highly enriched for somatic insertions in diverse cancers (P = 2.8e-17), thus indicating strong correlations between germline and somatic TE mobility. Using CRISPR/Cas9 deletion, we show that an RMS-derived polymorphic TE insertion increased the expression of RPL17, a gene associated with lower survival in liver cancer. More broadly, polymorphic TE insertions from RMSs were enriched near genes with allele-specific expression, suggesting widespread effects on gene regulation. Conclusions By using a novel statistical test we have defined a catalogue of 20 recently mobile transposable element subfamilies. We illustrate the gene regulatory potential of RMS-derived polymorphic TE insertions, using CRISPR/Cas9 deletion in vitro on a specific candidate, as well as by genome wide analysis of allele-specific expression. Our study presents novel insights into TE mobility and regulatory potential and provides a key resource for human disease genetics and population history studies.

Purpose: The main purpose of this paper is to analyse the influence of capital efficiency on the economic growth of Bangladesh using the Harrod-Domar (H-D) model. Design/methodology/approach: We use annual data from 1980 to 2019 for this paper. Three steps are taken in the data analysis. First, to check the existence of a unit root, we use the augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and to determine co-integration among the variables, we use the Johansen-Juselius co-integration test. Next, for long-run estimation, we use the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimator. The sensitivity of the long-run estimations is further checked by the fully modified OLS (FMOLS) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimators. Lastly, we use the Granger causality test to determine the long-run causality among the variables. Findings: The long-run co-integration test validates the co-integrating relationship among the variables. DOLS estimations reveal that the economic growth of Bangladesh is negatively associated with the incremental capital output ratio (ICOR), validating the notion that capital efficiency matters for achieving higher economic growth. On average, an increase in ICOR by a unit tends to reduce economic growth in the long term by 0.75 percent. Our results also reveal no significant relationship between savings and economic growth when the model is extended. Finally, causality results indicate unidirectional causality between ICOR and economic growth. Practical implications - Based on the results obtained, we argue that the enhancement of capital productivity could bring efficiency because ICOR is an inverse of capital productivity. Since Bangladesh's capital productivity is considerably low compared with other neighbouring countries, it is suggested that firms should gradually move towards technological advancement and enhance economies of scale, etc. in the long run. Moreover, policies in favour of continuous skill development programmes could be highly effective in increasing capital productivity given that capital follows a vintage structure. Originality/value: This is the first paper to analyse the economic growth pattern of Bangladesh using the traditional H-D model by incorporating variables such as savings and ICOR and also by relaxing the assumption of time-invariant (i.e. fixed) data of the variables. Moreover, this paper extends the traditional H-D empirical model by introducing key indicators and time breaks for Bangladesh's economy through a stepwise regression process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD), postpartum depression (PPD), and insomnia are neuropsychological conditions in which zuranolone is used to improve symptoms and prognosis of the disorder. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of zuranolone in comparison to other drugs used for treating these conditions. Methods: This meta-analysis included patients aged between 18 and 75 years who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder and postpartum depression with or without insomnia and were administered zuranolone for treatment. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included, and animal studies were excluded. The databases used were PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov, with MeSH terms and relevant keywords for (Zuranolone) and (Depression). The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. Results: The meta-analysis included eight RCTs that analyzed data from 2031 patients. The meta-analysis revealed statistically significant changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and treatmentemergent adverse effects (TEAE) scores in the PPD subgroup. HAM-D and TEAEs scores were also significant in the MDD subgroup, but the changes in the MADRS, HAM-A, and Bech-6 scores were insignificant. Serious adverse events were insignificant in all subgroups. Conclusion: Meta-analysis found a significant improvement in depressive symptoms with zuranolone treatment, especially on day 15. This suggests that zuranolone is a promising therapeutic option for patients with MDD and PPD with or without insomnia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfinance is one of the fastest growing sectors in Bangladesh and in many parts of the world. Over the last few decades, this sector has been supportive in achieving various socio-economic goals in Bangladesh. The country has made remarkable progress in sectors like education and health, and most importantly it has contributed significantly in poverty alleviation. Although the microfinance mostly concentrates at the micro level, it has direct effect on the macro economy. A forefront Microfinance provider like Grameen Bank has been playing a key role for the socio-economic wellbeing of the people living in the rural areas as well as for the economic development of rural economy. This study aims to investigate the long run dynamic relationship among its loan financing and clients’ deposit and economic growth in Bangladesh. By considering annual time-series data of these variables, a widely used cointegration test and Granger’s causality test have been applied to examine the long run relationship among these variables. The result shows that both financing and depositing aspects of Grameen Bank have positive effect on economic growth of Bangladesh in the long run. It is recommended that Grameen Bank should allow its operations without any external pressure for the sake of sound economic growth of the country.