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Stomach cancer is a global health challenge due to its increasing prevalence. The intestinal microbiota of humans plays a vital role in producing short-chain fatty acids, developing resistance towards pathogenic microbes, nutrient absorption, modulation in immunological response, metabolism, synthesis of vitamins, and gut immune system development. Many diseases or disorders, including cancers, obesity, psychiatric illnesses, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, are associated with an imbalance of microbiotas. Earlier reports suggest that probiotics via the oral route act as a functional food and suppress cancer development. Further, some probiotics are clinically effective in reducing post-operative inflammation in cancer patients. Probiotics primarily display inhibitory effects against H. pylori infections in the digestive tract. The combination of probiotics with antibiotics has effectively eradicated H. pylori infections. Besides, probiotics reduce the pro-carcinogens metabolism, they also diminish the growth of pathogens and improve the consistency of the intestinal barrier. Moreover, compounds produced by the microorganisms are reported to interact unswervingly with cancer cells and affect their survival. The therapeutic efficacy and adverse side-effects of the strategies used for stomach cancer prevention could be improved by using probiotics either as adjuvant or neo-adjuvant as the safety concern of the commercially used strains has been verified. The underlying mechanism describing microbiota's effect on oncogenic activation, carcinogenic metabolite production, DNA damage, inhibition of tumour immunity, and chronic inflammation induction still needs a more detailed investigation. In addition, double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, and well-designed clinical studies are required to understand the efficacy and mode of action to reduce the death rate and stomach cancer burden. In depth studies are essential to set probiotics as an eccentric strategy for stomach cancer prevention and treatment.

Purpose: This study explores the review structure of the Online Reviews Sites & Online Travel Agencies and examines the differences among the websites in terms of online travel reviews (OTRs) and their peripheral cues. This research also explores review usefulness across these platforms. Methodology: The dataset consisted of 4895 online travel reviews about five tourism products available on four platforms. The analysis was done using SPSS 28.0 through cross-tabulation, Chi-Square, and ANOVA. Findings: The results indicated a considerable difference in the review structure across the four platforms. The users of these websites adopted different approaches while revealing their identities online. However, similarities were found in the case of review type, sidedness, and rating. On all websites, the Utilitarian and Regular reviews were the highest in numbers, and the maximum of tourists gave four and five ratings to tourism products. Moreover, in terms of useful OTRs, the platforms had significant differences. Practical Implications: The results are substantial for the tourism products and service providers (the OTAs) and the review sites. Further, managerial implications are provided to assist the online platform's administrators in making the review sections of websites more user-friendly and effective for potential tourists. The study is concluded along with the future directions of research

Introduction. BRCA1 dysfunction is a hallmark of both hereditary and sporadic breast cancer. BRCA1 protein expression can be lost by germline mutation, somatic mutation or promoter hypermethylation. This study aimed to explore BRCA1 dysfunction in breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry and to study its association with prognostic factors. Material and methods. BRCA1 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 110 invasive breast carcinoma patients. Furthermore, the clinical findings and tumor features associated with BRCA1 dysfunction were characterized. Results. Reduced BRCA1 immunoreactivity was observed in 19% of breast cancer cases. Although these patients presented with aggressive tumor characteristics, statistical significance was observed only with presence of lymphovascular emboli (p < 0.05). These results suggest that loss of BRCA1 protein expression is associated with an aggressive phenotype of breast carcinoma. Conclusions. Immunohistochemistry for BRCA1 protein expression in tumor tissues may provide a less expensive screening tool to identify BRCA1 dysfunction due to genetic or epigenetic alterations.

Polymeric nanofibers have gained a great deal of attention in recent years. This study aims to produce and evaluate a methylcellulose (MC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based nanofibers mat using the electrospinning process. 25–2 fractional factorial screening design has been used to study the effect of critical formulation and process parameters, such as concentration of MC (%), the concentration of PVA (%), applied Voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml/hr) on the critical quality attributes like fiber diameter, tensile strength, and morphology. The fiber morphology and fiber diameter of nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).s The optimized nanofibers mat was further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential scanning electrons (DSC), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic force microscopy (AFM). Parameters such as contact angle and rate of biodegradation were studied for an optimized batch. The SEM results showed the uniform morphology of optimized nanofibers without beads with fiber diameter in the range of 100–200 nm. FTIR analysis demonstrated good intermolecular interactions between the molecules of MC with PVA. DSC-TGA study showed good thermal properties of nanofibers. XRD study showed the crystalline nature of nanofibers. Maximum tensile strength up to 2.74 Mpa was obtained which is desired for drug delivery application. The exaggeration of the fiber diameter was measured by AFM and found good surface morphology. Furthermore, results of contact angle and biodegradation rate proved that prepared nanofibers would be considered as a suitable carrier for controlled drug delivery applications like wound healing.

Introduction: Substance abuse is a chronic, often relapsing brain disease that causes compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences Substance abuse is the use of psychoactive substance that poses significant hazards to health and interferes with social, occupational, psychological or physical functioning1. The teenage years are a critical window of vulnerability to substance uses disorder; because the brain is still developing and malleable, adolescents are high risk group to avoid the temptations of experimenting with drugs3. A survey shows that of all alcohol 21%, cannabis 3%, and opium 0.1% users are below the age of 18years. Overall 0.4% and 4.6% of total treatment seekers in various states were children5. According to a survey conducted by the Karnataka State Temperance Board, Bangalore, in 2012, about 30% of school and college students in Bangalore are drug addicts. WHO estimates that by 2020, based on the current trends, worldwide can expect 10 million deaths per year1. Materials and methods: The research design selected for this study was descriptive design. The setting selected was PU Colleges in Bangalore. 40 PU College teachers were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. A demographic proforma to collect the data and structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge was used. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The current study reveals that out of 40 subjects, 75% of teacher’s had average knowledge and 17.5% good knowledge; subjects had knowledge regarding prevention and management 70%, and meaning/concept 65%. The study revealed statistically that there is no significant association between the knowledge and demographic variables of age, sex, marital status, qualification, designation and there is significant association with source of knowledge. Conclusion: The study findings suggested that the knowledge of teachers regarding substance abuse in adolescents is average. Has an outcome substance abuse video was developed as an educating the teachers and adolescents.

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc. helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers. Methods: In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter. Results: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~ 10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) skin cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

Background: Mobile phones in this technological era have become an integral part of day to day lives. Mobile phones are social enablers and help individuals to stay connected in intimate ways. Aims: The present paper investigated relationship between Personality Traits and Mobile Phone addiction. Sample: Purposive Sampling was done. Methods: The sample comprised of 100 adolescents (Mean Age= 15.53 years, S.D. = 1.733). The tools used for data collection were Big Five Inventory (Goldberg, 1992) and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (Dr. A. Velayudhan & Dr. S. Srividya, 2010). Statistical Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and correlational analysis were done. Result: Results pointed out significant positive relationship between Extraversion, Neuroticism and Mobile Phone Addiction. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to explore the relationship between Big five personality traits and Mobile phone addiction and it can be concluded that there is positive relationship between Extraversion, Neuroticism and Mobile Phone Addiction.

This paper proposes a low-cost and sensitive surface electromyography (sEMG) sensor for the myoelectric prosthesis. The sensor consists of a skin interface, signal conditioning circuitry and power supply unit all encased in a single package. The tuned RC parameters based envelope detection scheme employed in the sensor enables faster as well as reliable recognition of EMG signal patterns regardless of its strength and subject variability. The output performance of the developed sensor was compared with a commercial EMG sensor regarding signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), amplitude sensitivity and response time. EMG signals with both the devices were acquired for 10 subjects (three amputees and seven healthy subjects), to perform this comparative analysis. The results showed 4× greater SNR values and 50% higher sensitivity of the developed sensor than the commercial EMG sensor. Also, the proposed sensor was 57% faster than the commercial sensor in producing the output response. The sensor was successfully tested on amputees for controlling a 3D printed hand prototype utilising a proportional control strategy. The enhanced output parameters of the sensor were responsible for smooth, faster and intuitive actuation of the prosthetic hand fingers.

e15066 Background: Clinicians generally deal with malignant tumors in progression phase only, but there is a reverse complimentary process, namely permanent spontaneous regression of tumors, a well-known phenomenon occurring across human populations at 22%-46% rate (Scandinavian and Wisconsin Screening Registries: 0.33 million and 2.95 million populace respectively; Lancet Oncol.12: 1118-24, 2011; J.Nat.Cancer.Inst.36: 37-47, 2006). Probing such a phenomenon can illuminate how one can induce a permanent regression process on human tumors therapeutically. Here we develop a systems biology approach for this process, that we validate by experimental findings. Methods: Mathematical System Biology Formulation: For permanent tumor regression, we develop a coupled differential equations-based cell kinetic analysis, keeping normal tissue protected. Thereby, we mathematically model the temporal variation of the level of three essential tumor-lysis components: DNA replication-blockade, Antitumor Lymphocyte, Cytokine interleukin-2. Experimental Investigation: We investigate the temporal process of spontaneous tumor regression of melanoma (in Liebechov pigs) and analyze the microarray signal using IPA platform Gene expression signature: Using IPA analysis, we find the signaling pathways associated with the permanent tumor regression. Results: Mathematical System Biology Formulation: We find the temporal behavior of tumor-lysis components are: (1) DNA replication-blockade activation: Unimodal inverted U function (2) Antitumor Lymphocyte activation: Bimodal M function; (3) Interleukin-2 activation as Stationary step function. Experimental findings: Our microarray analysis gives temporal pattern of gene-expression levels corresponding to above three components: G2/M DNA damage checkpoint regulation (genes CCNB1, CDC2), Chemokine signaling activation - Interleukin 2 ( GRB2, PIK3CG), T Lymphocyte Receptor Signaling (CCR5, PRF1). These three temporal components respectively show Unimodal, Bimodal, and Stationary activation. Validation: We show that the three mathematically-derived temporal activation functions are well corroborated by corresponding experimental temporal pathway activation data (Smirnov-Kolmogorov statistical test satisfied; α = 5%). Conclusions: A novel tri-phasic activation of three antitumor signaling pathways (DNA blockade, Interleukin 2, Cytotoxic T cell) can permanently regress melanoma tumor in the experimental setting if the pathways are activated at different time points and not simultaneously; These temporally orchestrated patterns are much different from conventional chemotherapy/ immunotherapy protocols where the temporal activations are simultaneous and empirically chosen. Optimal temporal profiling of administration of antitumor agents is thus crucial from a therapeutic standpoint.

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and in-vitro cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil loaded controlled release nanoparticles for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on nanoparticles (US8414926B1), (US61654404A), (WO2007150075A3) etc. helped in the selection polymers and method for the preparation of nanoparticles. Methods: In the present study nanoparticles were prepared by simple ionic gelation method using various concentrations of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). Several process and formulation parameters were screened and optimized using 25-2 fractional factorial design. The prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, shape, charge, entrapment efficiency, crosslinking mechanism and drug release study. Results: The optimized 5-Fluorouracil loaded nanoparticle were found with particle size of of 320±2.1 nm, entrapment efficiency of 85.12%± 1.1% and Zeta potential of 29mv±1mv. Scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering technique revealed spherical particles with uniform size. The invitro release profile showed controlled release up to 24 hr. Further study was carried using A375 basal cell carcinoma cell-line to elucidate the mechanism of its cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating effectiveness of the formulation for treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

Background In the recent years, polymeric nanofibers have gained lots of attention in the area of drug delivery applications. Owing to its simplicity, ease of composition method and high drug loading capacity, it provides various benefits for the therapeutic applications. Nanofibers are useful for the delivery of antibiotics, anticancer drugs, analgesic's agents and various proteins for drug delivery applications. Electrospinning method is widely used method for the preparation of nanofibers, based on their feasibility background for scale-up process from laboratory to the industrial applications. Method A literature review was conducted to summarize the reported articles as well as patents that have been granted and filed for work related to nanofibers in drug delivery. Efforts have been made to include various types of research undertaken by the researchers for the fabrication of nanofiber and its application in drug delivery system. Results In this paper, a detailed information is reported about researches and developments related to electrospun polymer nanofibers including its fabrication process, structure, properties, characterization, applications, and patent. Amongst all the patents available, 18 most relevant granted patents and 14 filed patents was summarized in the review article. Conclusion We expect that these fundamental applications of nanofibers could help the researchers to develop and gain knowledge about nanofibers in drug delivery application.

In recent years, researchers have used polymeric nanofibers for various drug delivery and tissue engineering scaffold applications. Nanofibers exhibit a range of unique features and properties, such as the simplicity of their fabrication, the diversity of materials suitable for processing into fibers, possession of high surface area, and a complex pore structure. Nanofibers with effective drug-loading capability, slow release, and good stability have attracted much attention for their potential application in locally controlling drug release. This chapter provides a review of polymeric nanofibers for controlled drug delivery applications and their future prospectives.

Marriage is a bag full of personal and social responsibilities for women in Indian context. Job is an accumulative burden on females because of highly gendered nature of domestic work in Indian families. Managing multiple roles may have an impact on the Mental Well Being of females. The present study compared the Mental Well being of working married to non working married and working unmarried to non working unmarried Indian females of age range 20-45 years using t-test as method of analysis. Previous studies provided evidence that change in job pattern may result in better Mental Health. Results of the present study also found that Mental Well Being of working females is better than non working in both married and unmarried conditions.

The early researches on the relationship between personality and academic performance have aroused ambiguous conclusions, mainly because of the different theoretical bases and due to the use of variable research methodologies by the researchers. The acceptance of Factorial Models of personality and the new techniques in research has made the exploration of the correlation of personality traits and academic achievement easy. The Five Factor Model brought order to the previous “chaotic plethora” of personality measures. The present paper reviews the studies conducted using Five Factor Model of personality and explains the correlation between dimensions of personality and academic performance which in turn would help in selection of suitable candidates for higher studies and decrease “Drop Out” rate in colleges and universities.

Mental Well-Being is an integral part of good mental health and indicator of the ability of the individuals to cope up with daily stresses and work productively. Many predisposed and acquired factors influence the Mental Well-Being of an individual. The present study investigated the Self- Esteem and Personality traits as the predictors of mental well being. The results indicated that Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness to experience came out as significant predictors of Mental Well-Being.

This paper is focused on the study of the structural, morphological, mechanical and microhardness studies on Fly ash reinforced PMMA composites. Fly ash reinforced PMMA composites have been prepared with the sol–gel method. Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, microhardness and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies have been done on prepared composite. The AFM images confirm the presence of fly ash particles in nanophase within the PMMA matrix. The crystalline size of the in situ generated nanoparticles was investigated with X-ray diffraction technique and it is found that the crystallinity index increases with increasing the concentration of the fly ash. The structural characterization has been done with FT-IR spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectra of pure PMMA and fly ash based composites has been observed and analyzed. The Vickers microhardness indentation technique has been employed to detect the effect of reinforcement of fly ash in the PMMA matrix. Significant changes were observed in the various properties of the fly ash reinforced PMMA composites.

In the present paper we have discussed a special form of (v) hvtorsion tensor Pijk given by Pijk = \lamda X_i X_j X_k , where X_i are covariant components of unit vectors, is a scalar function of x,y in a finsler space. Since of every two dimensional Finsler space may be written in the form, we shall say an n-dimensional Finsler space (n ) as P2-like Finsler space whose is of this form. The values and are obtained in the terms of main scalars and h-connection vectors with respect to orthonormal frame in three and four dimensional P2-like Finsler spaces

ON A HYPERSURFACE OF A MATSUMOTO SPACE

It is possible to infer the genetically modified species by using remotely sensed data. Using ERDAS software the algorithm of BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton in Punjab, India was developed successfully. GPS enabled space technology has the potential to identify the exact location of Bt Cotton by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the calculation of total area covered by this species. It was possible to develop a correlation in between genetically modified Cotton crop and NDVI value. In parts of Bhatinda district of Punjab the yield of Bt Cotton and NDVI showing R2 value of more than 4.5 in regression analysis. A correlation matrix was also generated which shows that NDVI values of BT cotton has reasonably acceptable correlation with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of soil and water also.

It is possible to infer the genetically modified species by using remotely sensed data. Using ERDAS software the algorithm of BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton in Punjab, India was developed successfully. GPS enabled space technology has the potential to identify the exact location of Bt Cotton by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the calculation of total area covered by this species. It was possible to develop a correlation in between genetically modified Cotton crop and NDVI value. In parts of Bhatinda district of Punjab the yield of Bt Cotton and NDVI showing R2 value of more than 4.5 in regression analysis. A correlation matrix was also generated which shows that NDVI values of BT cotton has reasonably acceptable correlation with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of soil and water also.

Self-esteem refers to the evaluation a person makes customarily maintains with regard to him or her. Self -esteem expresses attitude of approval or disapproval and indicates the extent to which a person believes him or herself capable, significant, successful and worthy. This study aims to examine the difference in self-esteem of female players and non-players and to check the effect of participation in sports on self-esteem of individuals. A total sample of 100 girls (50 players and 50 nonplayers) in the age range of 18–25 years was taken from various colleges of Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak. A twogroup design was used to study the significance of difference between female players and non-players. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics and t-test. Results depicted significant differences in self-esteem of female players and non-players.

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, India E-mail : lmishra@banaras.ernet. in Fax: 91-542-368174 Manuscript received 11 September 2002 This review introduces the field of superoxide dismutase research especially about copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. Attempts have been made to present the current status of synthetic metal complexes which could be exploited as models of superoxide disrnutase. We have compared our findings in this area with the reported data.

Background: Tumors of the supporting tissues of the body constitute a heterogeneous group in terms of clinical presentation, morphological features and clinical behavior. The biological spectrum of these lesions is so vast and diverse, that they continue to be an enigma to both clinicians & pathologists. Method: The material for this study was obtained from 153 patients who presented with a mass to Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital and private laboratories in Chidambaram of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, around July, 2000 to July, 2005. Results & Conclusion: A total of 151 cases of Soft tissue tumors were studied of which: 90.73% were benign tumors, Benign tumors occurred more commonly in the 3rd to 4th decade while malignant tumors occurred in the 5th and 6th decade, Majority of the Soft tissue tumors occurred in the extremities (54.31%).