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In the early 1980s, the ERP simulation game was introduced in China and gradually was applied to the higher education. With the development of the times, however, the teaching of the stereotypical simulation game has been unable to meet the recent social needs to train innovative and entrepreneurial talents. Based on the research of prevailing ERP simulation game, this paper initially explore and construct a new sand table system which takes technology-based innovation as the core in a simulation society.

Based on the research of prevailing ERP simulation game, this paper, which is aiming at the cultivation of innovative and entrepreneurial talents, initially elaborates the operation procedure and rules of a model of value chain—a simulation sandbox system named Pioneering Era, which simulated the creative design, manufacturing and distribution in a science and technology commercial society as a whole.

To analyze the prognosis of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).Records of 40 patients diagnosed as rectal GIST at the Affiliated Chinese Traditional Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and the People's Hospital of Tianjin City between June 1979 and June 2010 were reviewed. Clinical features, treatment modalities and outcomes were analyzed.There were 23 males and 17 females with a median age of 54.5 years old (range, 28-81 years old). During the follow-up(median 52.5 months, range 1-300 months), 18 patients developed recurrence including 7 local recurrence, 6 metastasis and 5 local recurrence complicated with metastasis. The overall survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 82.5%, 60.0%, and 42.5% respectively. On univariate analysis, tumor size(P0.01), Fletcher classification(P0.01), mitotic index(P0.01), and post-operative distant metastasis were associated with survival. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size(P0.05), mitotic rate (P0.01), and postoperative distant metastasis(P0.01) were independent prognostic factors associated with survival.Surgery is the main treatment for rectal GIST. Tumor size, mitotic rate and metastasis are independent prognostic factors in patients with rectal GIST.

The alpha 2 (α(2))-adrenoceptor is highly important in the antinociception of tramadol administered systemically and intrathecally. However, it is unclear whether tramadol at the spinal level exerts an antinociceptive effect by directly binding with α(2)-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between α(2)-adrenoceptors and the antinociception of tramadol at the spinal level.The rat formalin test was designed to determine whether the intrathecal α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine could reverse the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal tramadol. The binding affinity of tramadol for α(2)-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord was determined by radioligand binding assay using the labeled α(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist [(3)H]-yohimbine.The nociceptive test showed that intrathecal tramadol induced significant antinociception whereas pretreatment with intrathecal yohimbine partially reversed this antinociception. Scatchard analysis of the binding data showed [(3)H]-yohimbine had high affinity (K(d) = 1.79 nM: ) for the α(2)-adrenoceptor in the rat spinal cord, and that tramadol inhibited specific binding of [(3)H]-yohimbine with the spinal cord membranes with a high affinity constant (K(i) = 34.14 μM: ) and an IC50 of 68.25 μM: , which indicated that tramadol was much less potent than [(3)H]-yohimbine at binding with α(2)-adrenoceptors of the spinal cord.The results suggested that, with very weak binding affinity for α(2)-adrenoceptors, the antinociception of intrathecal tramadol is partially related to α(2)-adrenoceptors, and its intrathecal antinociception may mainly involve its indirect activation of α(2)-adrenoceptors in the spinal cord.

To observe the effect of esmolol application before and during operation on propofol dose required for anesthesia induction and maintenance.Forty patients (ASA physical status I or II) undergoing general anesthesia for thyroidectomy were randomized equally into esmolol and control groups. Patients in esmolol group received a loading dose of esmolol at 0.5 mg/kg in 30 ml normal saline over a period of 5 min followed by an intravenous infusion of esmolol at 50 microg.kg(-1).min(-1) until the end of surgery, while patients in the control group were given normal saline in the same manner, in addition to anesthesia with protofol. Perioperative hemodynamic parameters and BIS were measured, and the duration of anesthesia, operation and recovery time from anesthesia were recorded.There were significant differences between the two groups in propofol dose required for anesthesia induction and recovery time from anesthesia, but not in maintenance propofol dose. Patients in esmolol group had significantly lower HR and BIS during tracheal intubation than those in the control group , and no significant differences were found in HR, BP and BIS during operation between the two groups. The hemodynamic parameters during extubation showed less fluctuation in esmolol group.Perioperative esmolol administration during anesthesia reduces propofol dose required for anesthesia induction and recovery time from anesthesia, and decreases HR and BIS variation during tracheal intubation and hemodynamic response during extubation without affecting the maintenance propofol dose.

To examine the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on the inflammatory responses induced by oesophagectomy.Forty patients with esophageal cancer (without serious hypertension, heart disease, or respiratory function impairment, including 34 men and 6 women aged 46 to 70 years) scheduled for oesophagectomy via left thoracotomy were randomly divided into control group (n=20) and UTI group (n=20). Anesthesia induction and perioperative management followed the same protocols in the two groups, and in UTI group, patients received 5000 U/kg UTI while those in the control group were given the same volume of saline. Before operation (T(1)), 10 min after recovery of two-lung ventilation (T(2)), and 24 h (T(3)) and 48 h (T(4)) after operation, the venous blood sample was taken from the internal jugular vein and the plasma was separated and stored at -70 degrees C for later analysis of IL-6 and IL-8 with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The bronchoalveoar lavage fluid (BAFL) was also collected at T(1) and T(2) for IL-6 and IL-8 detection.IL-6, IL-8 levels in the plasma and BALF collected at T(2)-T(4) increased significantly as compared with those in samples collected at T(1), and their peak concentration inplasma and BALF samples were similar. IL-6 and IL-8 levels in the UTI group were significantly lower than those in the control group during the time points of T(2)-T(4).Inflammatory responses occur during and after oesophagectomy, which can be inhibited with UTI.

To observe the effects of Stragalus membranaceus injection on nitric oxide and endothelin levels of intestinal mucosa in reperfusion injury after hemorrhage shock.32 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, model group, low dosage group, (treated with Astragalus membranaceus 10 g x kg(-1)); high dosage group (treated with Astragalus membranaceus 20 g x kg(-1)). Models of hemorrhagic shock for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 90 minutes were created. The animals were administrated 3 mL therapeutic solution before reperfusion. At the end of study, intestinal pathology was observed, and the concentration of lactic acid (LD), nitric oxide (NO), endothelin (ET) of intestinal mucosa were detected.The intestinal pathology showed that intestinal mucosa epithelial cells damage in model group was severe, in low dosage group was medium, in high dosage group was slight, and no obvious damage was found in normal group. The concentration of LD and NO of small intestine mucous membrane in model group and low dosage group were significantly higher than those in high dosage group and normal group (P0.05), but there were no significant differences between high dosage group and normal group (P0.05). The concentration of ET of small intestine mucous membrane in model group was the highest of the four groups (P0.05). The concentration of ET in low dosage group was significantly higher than that in high dosage group and normal group (P0.05), but there were no significant differences between high dosage group and normal group (P0.05).Stragalus membranaceus injection can reduce small intestine mucous damage by protecting endothelium function in injury after hemorrhage shock-reperfusion.

Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective and potent alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, reduces halothane anesthetic requirements by over 90% in rats. The present study examined whether dexmedetomidine produces a hypnotic-anesthetic action in rats. Dexmedetomidine induced a hypnotic-anesthetic state in rats characterized by loss of righting reflex at doses greater than or equal to 0.1 mg/kg. This response was dose-dependent between 0.1 and 3 mg/kg. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists that cross the blood-brain barrier (antipamezole and idazoxan) decreased the hypnotic-anesthetic action of dexmedetomidine in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, the alpha-2 antagonist, L-659,066, which does not penetrate into the CNS did not affect dexmedetomidine-induced hypnosis. Antagonists for the other adrenoceptors not only failed to reduce the hypnotic-anesthetic action of dexmedetomidine but in some cases even potentiated this effect. Thus, prazosin, an alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist, significantly enhanced the hypnotic-anesthetic property of dexmedetomidine. Antagonists with beta-2 receptor blocking properties also enhanced dexmedetomidine-induced hypnosis. Selective beta-1 receptor antagonists did not affect the hypnotic action of dexmedetomidine. These results suggest that dexmedetomidine produces a hypnotic-anesthetic action in rats via activation of central alpha-2 adrenoceptors.