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Streptomyces atratus PY-1 exhibited promising antimicrobial properties, in particular it is highly inhibitory to Plasmopara viticola, which causes downy mildew of grape. It is very necessary to carry out systematic and in-depth research on PY-1 strain for the improvement, application and promotion of biocontrol agents. The PY-1 genome was fully sequenced and assembled. We present the draft genome sequence of PY-1, with a size of 9, 254, 781 bp. Preliminary analysis on the PY-1 genome sequence shows that at least 35 gene clusters are involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides, terpenes and nonribosomally synthesized peptides.

Combing brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and virtual reality (VR) is a novel technique in the field of medical rehabilitation and game entertainment. However, the limitations of BCI such as a limited number of action commands and low accuracy hinder the widespread use of BCI-VR. Recent studies have used hybrid BCIs that combine multiple BCI paradigms and/or the multi-modal biosensors to alleviate these issues, which may become the mainstream of BCIs in the future. The main purpose of this review is to discuss the current status of multi-modal BCI-VR. This study first reviewed the development of the BCI-VR, and explored the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating eye tracking, motor capture, and myoelectric sensing into the BCI-VR system. Then, this study discussed the development trend of the multi-modal BCI-VR, hoping to provide a pathway for further research in this field.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can form symbiosis with Elaeagnus angustifolia, allowing this species to tolerate salt stress. However, the physiological mechanism through which AMF improve E. angustifolia tolerance is still unclear. In this study, we examined E. angustifolia inoculated with AMF Rhizophagus irregularis (M) or inactivated inoculum (NM) under 0 and 300 mM NaCl stress for the determination of photosynthetic gas exchange, pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant capacity and chloroplast ultrastructural in leaves. Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters in the leaves of M and NM decreased significantly under salt stress, while the M treatment significantly reduced the effect of salt stress compared with NM. Various chlorophyll components in the M treatment were two- to three-fold higher than in NM, together with a much more complex chloroplast structure and higher number of plastoglobules. The total flavonoid and proline content in leaves of M increased significantly, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased significantly under salt stress. Chlorophyll fluorescence data also showed good PSII function in the M treatment, together with salt stress reduction of photochemical reactions and sharp enhancements in non-photosynthetic quenching (NPQ). AMF inoculation ameliorated the inhibition on the actual PSII efficiency (ФPSII) and the photochemical quenching coefficient (qP ) by 10-15%. Our results clearly demonstrate that R. irregularis can improve the salt tolerance of plants by improving leaf photosynthetic performance, PSII function, antioxidant capacity and leaf chloroplast ultrastructure, and that E. angustifolia inoculated with AMF could enhance saline soil rehabilitation.

Natural plant herbs have many active compounds to prevent poultry diseases and improve poultry products. However, most herbs are supplied for human medicine. Thus, for economic and sustainable development purposes, the dregs of

Given a length function L on the R-modules of a unital ring R, for each sofic group Γ we define a mean length for every locally L-finite RΓ-module relative to a bigger RΓ-module. We establish an addition formula for the mean length. We give two applications. The first one shows that for any unital left Noetherian ring R, RΓ is stably direct finite. The second one shows that for any Z Γ -module M , the mean topological dimension of the induced Γ-action on the Pontryagin dual of M coincides with the von Neumann–Luck rank of M .

We study fibrations in the category of cubespaces/nilspaces. We show that a fibration of finite degree $f \colon X\rightarrow Y$ between compact ergodic gluing cubespaces (in particular nilspaces) factors as a (possibly countable) tower of compact abelian Lie group principal fiber bundles over $Y$. If the structure groups of $f$ are connected then the fibers are (uniformly) isomorphic (in a strong sense) to an inverse limit of nilmanifolds. In addition we give conditions under which the fibers of $f$ are isomorphic as subcubespaces. We introduce regionally proximal equivalence relations relative to factor maps between minimal topological dynamical systems for an arbitrary acting group. We prove that any factor map between minimal distal systems is a fibration and conclude that if such a map is of finite degree then it factors as a (possibly countable) tower of principal abelian Lie compact group extensions, thus achieving a refinement of both the Furstenberg's and the Bronstein-Ellis structure theorems in this setting., Some typos are fixed. The proof of Theorem 1.29 is modified due to a gap in Lemma 5.2

Rice plants contain high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), but some of their functions remain elusive. To elucidate the importance of SA homeostasis in rice immunity, we characterized four rice SA hydroxylase genes (OsSAHs) and verified their roles in SA metabolism and disease resistance. Recombinant OsSAH proteins catalyzed SA in vitro, while OsSAH3 protein showed only SA 5-hydroxylase (SA5H) activity, which was remarkably higher than that of other OsSAHs that presented both SA3H and SA5H activities. Amino acid substitutions revealed that three amino acids in the binding pocket affected SAH enzyme activity and/or specificity. Knockout OsSAH2 and OsSAH3 (sahKO) genes conferred enhanced resistance to both hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, whereas overexpression of each OsSAH gene increased susceptibility to the pathogens. sahKO mutants showed increased SA and jasmonate levels compared to those of the wild type and OsSAH-overexpressing plants. Analysis of the OsSAH3 promoter indicated that its induction was mainly restricted around Magnaporthe oryzae infection sites. Taken together, our findings indicate that SA plays a vital role in immune signaling. Moreover, fine-tuning SA homeostasis through suppression of SA metabolism is an effective approach in studying broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice.

3D printing technologies are a promising approach to treat intra-oral bone defects, especially those with poor regenerative potential. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the impact of internal design specifications on the bone regenerative potential. Here, an in silico approach to optimize the internal design of calcium phosphate-based scaffolds for bone regeneration is proposed. Based on an in silico model of neotissue formation, a gyroid 3D-printed scaffold is designed and manufactured using UV stereolithography of bioceramic materials. An orthogonal lattice structure 3D-printed scaffold and a particulate xenograft are used as control groups. The scaffolds are implanted subperiosteally under a shell on rat calvarium for 4 or 8 weeks and bone neoformation performances are investigated by nanofocus computed tomography and decalcified histology. After 8 weeks, the gyroid group is associated with a higher ingrowth potential of the bone and is characterized by signs of osteoinduction (newly formed bone islands). The bone to material contact is similar between the gyroid and the particulate groups. The present results reinforce this in silico modeling strategy to design calcium phosphate-based 3D scaffolds and the gyroid experimental internal architecture seems to be highly promising for intra-oral bone regeneration applications.

We estimated the additive genetic variation and heritability of vibrio resistance in the clam Meretrix petechialis by using four statistical models to analyze data from challenge tests. A total of 2541 individuals from 23 full-sib families were infected with V. parahaemolyticus, which causes vibriosis in clams. The daily mortality was recorded, and the experiment was terminated after 18 days, when the death rate fell to approximately zero. The overall mortality of clams approached 60% at the end of the test, and significantly different survival rates were observed among families, e.g., six full-sib families suffered 80–97% mortality, whereas 9 families showed only 17–48% mortality. Variance components were analyzed using cross-sectional models, and moderate to high heritability was estimated for vibrio resistance in both the linear model (0.31–0.32) and the sire-dam threshold model (0.53) but not in the animal threshold model (0.006). Estimated breeding values (EBVs) of the two types of models showed high and positive correlations (0.92–0.99), which meant that these models showed similar utility for predicting breeding value. These results indicate that an efficacious and reliable challenge method of infecting M. petechialis clams with V. parahaemolyticus was achieved and that vibrio resistance in clam might be genetically improved through selective breeding. Statement of relevance The clam Meretrix petechialis is an important commercial cultured mollusc species in China. Our results provided a reliable challenge method of infecting clam with V. parahaemolyticus and estimated basic genetic evaluation for vibrio resistance, which should be useful for the design and operation of a practical vibrio resistance selective breeding program in the clam M. petechialis.

We introduce some notions of conditional mean dimension for a factor map between two topological dynamical systems and discuss their properties. With the help of these notions, we obtain an inequality to estimate the mean dimension of an extension system. The conditional mean dimension for $G$-extensions are computed. We also exhibit some applications in the dynamical embedding problems., Some typos are corrected. To appear in Journal of Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems

The precise and accurate knowledge of genetic parameters is a prerequisite for making efficient selection strategies in breeding programs. A number of estimators of heritability about important economic traits in many marine mollusks are available in the literature, however very few research have evaluated about the accuracy of genetic parameters estimated with different family structures. Thus, in the present study, the effect of parent sample size for estimating the precision of genetic parameters of four growth traits in clam M. meretrix by factorial designs were analyzed through restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and Bayesian. The results showed that the average estimated heritabilities of growth traits obtained from REML were 0.23-0.32 for 9 and 16 full-sib families and 0.19-0.22 for 25 full-sib families. When using Bayesian inference, the average estimated heritabilities were 0.11-0.12 for 9 and 16 full-sib families and 0.13-0.16 for 25 full-sib families. Compared with REML, Bayesian got lower heritabilities, but still remained at a medium level. When the number of parents increased from 6 to 10, the estimated heritabilities were more closed to 0.20 in REML and 0.12 in Bayesian inference. Genetic correlations among traits were positive and high and had no significant difference between different sizes of designs. The accuracies of estimated breeding values from the 9 and 16 families were less precise than those from 25 families. Our results provide a basic genetic evaluation for growth traits and should be useful for the design and operation of a practical selective breeding program in the clam M. meretrix.

We introduce an invariant, called mean rank, for any module ℳ {\mathcal{M}} of the integral group ring of a discrete amenable group Γ, as an analogue of the rank of an abelian group. It is shown that the mean dimension of the induced Γ-action on the Pontryagin dual of ℳ {\mathcal{M}} , the mean rank of ℳ {\mathcal{M}} , and the von Neumann–Lück rank of ℳ {\mathcal{M}} all coincide. As applications, we establish an addition formula for mean dimension of algebraic actions, prove the analogue of the Pontryagin–Schnirelmann theorem for algebraic actions, and show that for elementary amenable groups with an upper bound on the orders of finite subgroups, algebraic actions with zero mean dimension are inverse limits of finite entropy actions.

FeCo-C core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters of 10-50 nm have been fabricated on a large scale by one-step metal-organic chemical vapor deposition using the mixture of cobalt acetylacetonate and iron acetylacetonate as the precursor. The Fe/Co molar ratio of the alloy nanocores and graphitization degree of C shells, and thus the magnetic and electric properties of the core-shell NPs, can be tuned by the deposition temperature ranging from 700 °C to 900 °C. Comparative tests reveal that a relatively high Fe/Co molar ratio and low graphitization degree benefit the microwave absorption (MA) performance of the core-shell NPs. The composite with 20 wt% core-shell NP obtained at 800 °C and 80 wt% paraffin exhibits an optimal reflection loss [Formula: see text] of -60.4 dB at 7.5 GHz with a thickness of 3.3 mm, and an effective absorption bandwidth (frequency range for RL ≤10 dB) of 9.2 GHz (8.8-18.0 GHz) under an absorber thickness of 2.5 mm. Our study provides a facile route for the fabrication of alloy-C core-shell nanostructures with high MA performance.

A high lift-to-drag ratio is considered crucial for high-altitude and long-endurance hypersonic vehicles. One of the simplest and most useful methods is to install an aerospike in front of the vehicle’s nose. In this paper, the flight aerodynamic characteristics are investigated by simulating and comparing the lifting body with or without the aerospikes at Ma=8. The flowfields around aerospikes using different spike lengths and a hemispherical disk along with the lifting body are analyzed. The results of aerodynamic characteristics indicate that L/D=2 is the best ratio of the spike length to the nose diameter. By comparing with the baseline model, the maximum drag reduction of the nose’s part is 49.3% at α=8 deg using a hemispherical disk. In addition, three shapes of aerospike disks are compared to search for the best disk for hypersonic drag reduction. The best drag reduction is found for the double flat-faced disk aerospike, which gives a pressure drag reduction of 60.5% of the nose’s part at α=8 deg. Furthermore, when the flight angle of attack increases, the drag increases significantly. Employing a certain installation angle is shown to effectively improve the drag reduction around the angle of attack and results in improving the lift-to-drag ratio. At the end, the lift-to-drag ratio of the final optimized design is 9.1% better than that of the baseline model. The pressure center is moved forward by 1.6%, barely influencing the vertical static stability of the vehicle.\ud \ud \ud

In the analysis of structure steel beam member of mechanical module and piping support in nuclear power plant, beam web shall be analyzed complying with the ASME III NF requirements against web local failure including web local yielding, web local crippling, web sideway buckling and web compression buckling when the beam is subjected to concentrated loads. Referring to the H Type steel structure beam of China GB code; this paper researches the tests of carrying capacity related to the above mentioned local failure mechanism. The results could show that the evaluation method of web local failure mechanism in ASME III NF cover the China GB code steel structure member on one hand; And on the other hand, the results could show the rationalities of the sectional dimension design of the member and the rationality of the beam span. And based on the analysis of the test results, reasonable suggestions could made for the above mentioned member dimension design and beam span design.

It is the key point for the design and analysis of the energy absorbing assemblies in the whole R&D process of pipe whip restraint. An adequate and reasonable energy absorbing assembly design could guarantee the restraint function and control the reaction loads on the structure. Consequently, the performance character curve for the energy absorbing assembly is necessary and important. In this paper, researches are made to obtain the test and analysis method for the energy absorbing assembly. And the method is used to modify the design and release the load on structure to the extent of possible.

We investigate dynamical analogues of the $L^2$-Betti numbers for modules over integral group ring of a discrete sofic group. In particular, we show that the $L^2$-Betti numbers exactly measure the failure of addition formula for dynamical invariants., Comment: The main result is reformulated a little bit and the proof is more self-contained

We partially generalize Peters' formula [Adv. in Math. 33 (1979), pp. 1–13] on modules over the group ring ${\mathbb F} \Gamma$ for a given finite field ${\mathbb F}$ and a sofic group $\Gamma$. We also discuss how the values of entropy are related to the zero-divisor conjecture.

This article addresses the flight control problem of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles and proposes a novel intelligent algorithm optimized control method. To achieve the climbing, cruising and descending flight control of the air-breathing hypersonic vehicle, an engineering-oriented flight control system based on a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method is designed for the hypersonic vehicle, which including the height loop, the pitch angle loop and the velocity loop. Moreover, as a variant of nature-inspired algorithm, modified shuffled frog leaping algorithm is presented to optimize the flight control parameters and is characterized by better exploration and exploitation than the standard shuffled frog leaping algorithm. A nonlinear model of air-breathing hypersonic vehicle is used to verify the dynamic characteristics achieved by the intelligent flight control system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed swarm intelligence optimized PID controllers are effective in achieving better flight trajectory and velocity control performance than the traditional controllers.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (CSF), which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. The E2 glycoprotein of CSFV is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. This study was aimed to develop a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing the CSFV E2 gene (rAdV-E2) and evaluate its efficacy in rabbits and pigs. The results showed that the rabbits and the pigs immunized with the rAdV-E2 developed high-level CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies. The rAdV-E2-immunized rabbits were protected from fever induced by infection with C-strain, which is pathogenic to the rabbit, and the rAdV-E2-immunized pigs were protected from lethal challenge with highly virulent Shimen strain. This indicates that the recombinant adenovirus can be an attractive candidate vaccine for preventing CSF.

Non-replicating baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells has been developed as a vaccine strategy against a number of diseases in several animal models. In the present study, the BacMam vector, a baculovirus pseudotyped with the glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus, was used as a recombinant vector to express classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 protein under the control of the immediate early 1 (ie1) promoter from shrimp white spot syndrome virus. The E2 gene was efficiently expressed in both insect and mammalian cells. Intramuscular injection of mice with the recombinant baculovirus resulted in the production of high-titers of CSFV-specific neutralizing antibodies. Specific lymphoproliferative responses to CSFV stimulation were detected in the splenocytes of the immunized mice as demonstrated by CFSE staining assay and WST-8 assay. This study demonstrates that the BacMam virus vector can efficiently express the E2 protein and effectively induce immune responses against CSFV. This is a first step in the demonstration that the pseudotyped baculovirus-delivered CSFV E2 gene can be a potential non-replicating vaccine against CSFV infections.

OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to (1) determine whether a computerized clinical pharmacy approval and follow-up consult process for ordering new prescriptions for gabapentin for the treatment of neuropathic pain decreased the number of patients without documented treatment benefit while increasing follow-up and documentation of effectiveness, and (2) describe gabapentin use patterns at a Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, including the use of first-line therapies prior to gabapentin therapy for neuropathic pain. METHODS: The clinical pharmacy intervention included review of (1) the indication for gabapentin; (2) the required use and failure or contraindication of 3 first-line therapies: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), and capsaicin cream; (3) the initial pain assessment; and (4) patient follow-up in 4 to 6 weeks, with repeat pain assessment. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who received a new prescription for gabapentin from October 2002 to April 2003 at the Portland VA Medical Center (PVAMC). The outcomes of interest for the provider group versus the clinical pharmacy managed group included follow-up at 6 weeks or less versus follow-up at more than 6 weeks, documentation of treatment benefit, how many of the 3 first-line therapies were tried before gabapentin, and whether the gabapentin therapy was discontinued. RESULTS: There were 237 patients who received a new prescription for gabapentin between October 2002 and April 2003. Of these gabapentin prescriptions, 61% (n = 144) were prescribed for neuropathic pain. Of the new gabapentin prescriptions for neuropathic pain, 61% (n = 88) were made from approved clinical pharmacy consults, 38% (n = 54) were ordered without a clinical pharmacy consult, and 1% (n = 2) were not included because the patient received the drug despite denial by the clinical pharmacy consult. The rate of follow-up to assess documentation of benefit of therapy with gabapentin was 87% (n = 62) in the clinical pharmacy consult group compared with 51% (n = 27) in the provider-managed group (χ 2 = 18.07, P

Co-C core-shell nanoparticles have been synthesized in large quantity (in grams) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition with analytical cobalt (III) acetylacetonate as precursor. Extremely small nanoparticles with an average core diameter of 3 nm and a shell thickness of 1-2 nm, and relatively large nanoparticles with an average core diameter of 23 nm and a shell thickness of 5-20 nm were obtained, depending on the deposition regions. The 3 nm Co nanocores are thermally stable up to 200 °C in air atmosphere, and do not exhibit visible structural and morphological changes after exposure to air at room temperature for 180 d. The extremely small core-shell nanoparticles exhibit typical superparamagnetic behaviors with a small coercivity of 5 Oe, while the relative large nanoparticles are a typical ferromagnetic material with a high coercivity of 584 Oe. In the microwave absorption tests, a low reflection loss (RL) of -80.3 dB and large effective bandwidth (frequency range for RL -10-dB) of 10.1 GHz are obtained in the nanoparticle-paraffin composites with appropriate layer thicknesses and particle contents. This suggests that the as-synthesized Co-C core-shell nanoparticles have a high potential as the microwave-absorbing materials.

By analyzing physiological structure and motion features of bird wings, this paper aims to design bird wings' driving and complying planar structures from two angles of Bionics: the structure of flapping bird wings' bone and the discipline of flying. In addition, this paper studies the discipline of bird wings' tangential motion in order to design a drive mechanism which fulfills driving tangential wings' structure. At last, we researchers conduct a simulation of kinematics and get a satisfying result, so as to provide a basis for design large-scale bird bionic machine.

We define the topological pressure for any sub-additive potentials of the countable discrete amenable group action and any given open cover. A local variational principle for the topological pressure is established., Comment: 16 pages

We have previously evaluated a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) replicon vectored DNA vaccine (pSFV1CS2-E2) and a recombinant adenovirus (rAdV-E2) expressing the E2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in pigs. The results showed that the immunized pigs were protected from virulent challenge, but few pigs showed short-term fever and occasional pathological changes following virulent challenge. To enhance the immunogenecity of the vaccines, we tried a prime-boost vaccination strategy using a combination of prime with pSFV1CS2-E2 followed by boost with rAdV-E2. The results showed that all the immunized pigs developed high-level CSFV-specific antibodies following prime-boost immunization. When challenged with virulent CSFV, the immunized pigs (n = 5) from the heterologous boost group showed no clinical symptoms, and CSFV RNA was not detected following challenge, whereas one of five pigs from the homologous boost group developed short-term fever and CSFV RNA was detected. This demonstrates that the heterologous prime-boost vaccination regime has the potential to prevent against virulent challenge.

Classical swine fever (CSF), which is caused by classical swine fever virus (CSFV), causes significant losses in pig industry in many countries in Asia and Europe. The E2 glycoprotein of CSFV is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. In this study, a recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus expressing the CSFV E2 gene (rAdV-E2) was generated and evaluated for the immunogenicity in rabbits. The results showed that the rabbits immunized with rAdV-E2 developed high-level CSFV-specific antibodies. The rAdV-E2-immunized rabbits were all free of the regular fever and the viral replication in the spleen upon challenge with C-strain, which were seen in the rabbits immunized with the parent adenovirus of rAdV-E2. This indicates that the recombinant adenovirus can be an attractive candidate vaccine against CSF.

There are over ten thousand piping supports in a NPP. Piping supports are generally divided into two groups, one is standard and the other is non-standard. No matter to which group the support belongs, should it be proved to withstand the loads acting on it with sufficient design margin following the requirements of ASME or AISC code. With the development of the computer soft ware and hardware, we use 3D mathematic model to do stress analysis for the support. The model is a combination of linear element and nonlinear element, elastic material properties and inelastic material properties. For this composite model, we use plastic limit load analysis to determine assessment section, and use linearizing method to evaluate the section, and use simplified method to model nonlinear boundary conditions. At the end, a computer program is accomplished to perform analysis and evaluation for the supports efficiently and rapidly. The program not only can be used to establish standard support manual, but also can be used to perform analysis and evaluation for the non-standard support in the field.

The effects of curcumin on angiogenesis were studied.Proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) and cells of human cancerous cell line SGC-7901 were measured by MTT colorimetric assay after treated by various concentrations of curcumin. The effects of curcumin on BAECS proliferation promoted by tumor conditioned medium were observed by MTT colorimetric assay. The effects of various concentration of curcumin on the migration of BAECs and migration promoted by tumor conditioned medium were investigated by agorose assay.Curcumin can obviously inhibit the proliferation of BAECs induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS) and tumor conditioned medium. Curcumin can also obviously inhibit the migration of BAECs induced by FBS and tumor conditioned medium.Curcumin can inhibit angiogenesis by preventing proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. It also suggestes that curcumin is one kind of specific inhibitors of angiogenesis.