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Summary: Background: Type 1 diabetes is a complex heterogenous autoimmune disease without therapeutic interventions available to prevent or reverse the disease. This study aimed to identify transcriptional changes associated with the disease progression in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. Methods: Whole-blood samples were collected as part of the INNODIA study at baseline and 12 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. We used linear mixed-effects modelling on RNA-seq data to identify genes associated with age, sex, or disease progression. Cell-type proportions were estimated from the RNA-seq data using computational deconvolution. Associations to clinical variables were estimated using Pearson's or point-biserial correlation for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively, using only complete pairs of observations. Findings: We found that genes and pathways related to innate immunity were downregulated during the first year after diagnosis. Significant associations of the gene expression changes were found with ZnT8A autoantibody positivity. Rate of change in the expression of 16 genes between baseline and 12 months was found to predict the decline in C-peptide at 24 months. Interestingly and consistent with earlier reports, increased B cell levels and decreased neutrophil levels were associated with the rapid progression. Interpretation: There is considerable individual variation in the rate of progression from appearance of type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibodies to clinical disease. Patient stratification and prediction of disease progression can help in developing more personalised therapeutic strategies for different disease endotypes. Funding: A full list of funding bodies can be found under Acknowledgments.

Abstract Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting 800 million women and children globally. Anaemia is associated with perinatal mortality, child morbidity and mortality, mental development, immune competence, susceptibility to lead poisoning and performance at work. The objective of this article is to identify whether antenatal care‐seeking was associated with the uptake of iron supplementation among pregnant women, adjusting for a range of covariates. This article used data from the cross‐sectional recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 12 countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America & the Caribbean regions. The individual‐level data from 273,144 women of reproductive age (15−49 years) were analysed from multi‐country DHS. Multiple Logistic regression analyses were conducted using Predictive Analytics Software for Windows (PASW), Release 18.0. Receiving at least four antenatal care visits was significantly associated with the consumption of 90 or more iron‐containing supplements in 12 low and middle income countries across three regions after adjusting for different household and respondent characteristics, while mass media exposure was found to be a significant predictor in India and Indonesia. Antenatal care seems to be the most important predictor of adherence to iron intake in the selected countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America and Caribbean regions.

Byline: Biren. Patel, H. Darshan, Anand. Binu, H. Easwer, Prakash. Nair Background: Complex craniopharyngiomas pose a significant surgical challenge owing to its proximity to critical structures and its intrinsic nature [...]

Background: Meckel's cave dermoid cyst is an extremely rare and a technically challenging lesion. The objective of the study is to show that endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has recently emerged as a better alternative to transcranial approach for this formidable tumor, owing to minimal retraction-related morbidity.Method: A 52-year-old male presented with numbness over the right side of the face and temporal area for the last 3 years. On examination, there was decreased sensation to touch, pain, and temperature over the right V1, V2, and V3 areas with an absent right corneal reflex. Imaging revealed a heterogenous extra-axial lesion in the right Meckel's cave. The tumor was resected by an extended endonasal transpterygoid approach.Results: The patient had improvement in his symptoms with no endocrine complication.Conclusion: This case demonstrates the surgical techniquenof endoscopic endonasal transpterygoid resection of a Meckel's cave dermoid cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]